Abstract
The biochemical mechanism of p53 in the control of cell growth is not completely understood. Considerable evidence implicates regulation of gene transcription as a mechanism of p53 action in controlling cell growth. The protein does resemble a transcription factor1–5 in that it has an acidic domain that can transactivate reporter genesG6–12 and a basic carboxyl terminal domain that can bind nonspecifically to DNA13 (Fig. 4.1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ptashne M. How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature (London) 1988; 335: 683–689.
Lucibello FC, Ehlert F, Muller R. Multiple interdependent regulatory sites in the mouse c-fos promoter determine basal level transcription: cell type-specific effects. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19: 3583–3591.
Jones P, Gray D, Mowat M, Benchimol S. Expression of wild-type p53 is not compatible with continued growth of p53-negative tumor cells. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11: 1–11.
Soussi T, Caron deFromentel C, Mechali M, Kress M. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA from Xenopus laevis coding for a protein homologous to human and murine p53. Oncogene 1987; 1: 71–78.
Soussi T, Caron de Fromentel C, Breugnout C, May E. Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the rat p53 nuclear oncoprotein. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16: 1 1384.
Fields S, Jang SK. Presence of a potent transcription activating sequence in the p53 protein. Science 1990; 249: 1046–1051.
Raycroft L, Wu H, Lozano G. Transcriptional activation by wild-type but not transforming mutants of the p53 anti-oncogene. Science 1990; 249: 1049–1051.
O’Rourke RW, Miller CW, Kato GJ, et al. A potential transcriptional activation element in the p53 protein. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1829–1832.
Unger T, Nau MM, Segal S, Minna JD. p53-A Transdominant Regulator of Transcription Whose Function Is Ablated by Mutations Occurring in Human Cancer. EMBO J 1992; 11: 1383–1390.
Farmer G, Bargonetti J, Zhu H, Friedman P, Prywes R, Prives C. Wildtype p53 activates transcription in vitro. Nature (London) 1992; 358: 83–86.
Kern SE, Pietenpol JA, Thiagalingam S, Seymour A, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Oncogenic forms of p53 inhibit p53-regulated gene expression. Science 1992; 256: 827–830.
Scharer E, Iggo R. Mammalian p53 can function as a transcription factor in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20: 1539–1545.
Foord OS, Bhattacharya P, Reich Z, Rotter V. A DNA binding domain is contained in the C-terminus of wild-type p53 protein. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19: 5191.
Srinivasan R, Roth JA, Maxwell SA. Sequence-specific interaction of a conformational domain pf p53 with DNA. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 5361–5364.
Halazonetis TD, Kandil AN. Conformational shifts propagate from the oligomerization domain of p53 to its tetrameric DNA-binding domain and restore DNA binding to select p53 mutants. EMBO J 1993; 5057–5064.
Bargonetti J, Manfredi JJ, Chen X, Marshak DR, Pives C. A proteolytic fragment from the central region of p53 has marked sequence-specific DNA-binding activity when generated from wild-type but not mutant p53 protein. Genes Dev 1993; 7: 2565–2574.
Wang Y, Reed M, Wang P, et al. p53 Domains-Identification and Characterization of 2 Autonomous DNA-Binding Regions. Gene Develop 1993; 7: 2575–2586.
Pavletich NP, Chambers KA, Pabo CO. The DNA-binding domain of p53 contains the four conserved regions and the major mutation hot spots. Genes Dev 1993; 7: 2556–2564.
Kern SE, Kinzler KW, Bruskin A, et al. Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Science 1991; 252: 1708–1711.
Funk WD, Pak DT, Karas RH, Wright WE, Shay JW. A transcriptionally active DNA-binding site for human p53 protein complexes. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 1: 101–110.
Zambetti GP, Bargonetti J, Walker K, Prives C, Levine AJ. Wild-type p53 mediates positive regulation of gene expression through a specific DNA sequence element. Genes & Develop 1992; 6: 1143–1152.
Cho Y, Gorina S, Jeffrey PD, Pavletich NP. Crystal structure of a p53 tumor suppressor-DNA complex: understanding tumorigenic mutations. Science 1994; 265: 346–355.
Seto E, Usheva A, Zambetti GP, et al. Wild-type p53 binds to the TATA-binding protein and represses transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 12028–12032.
Chen PL, Chen Y, Bookstein R, Lee WH. Genetic mechanisms of tumor suppression by the human p53 gene. Science 1990; 250: 1576–1580.
Liu X, Miller CW, Koeffler PH, Berk AJ. The p53 activation domain binds the TATA box-binding polypeptide in Holo-TFII-D, and a neighboring p53 domain inhibits transcription. Cell 1992; 13: 3291–3300.
Agoff SN, Hou J, Linzer DIH, Wu B. Regulation of the human hsp70 promoter by p.53. Science 1993; 259: 84–86.
Margulies L, Sehgal PB. Modulation of the human interleukin-6 promoter (IL-6) and transcription factor C/EPPb (NF-IL6) activity by p53 species. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 15096–15100.
Santhanam U, Ray A, Sehgal PB. Repression of the interleukin-6 gene promoter by p53 and the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene products. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 7605–7609.
Ginsberg D, Mechta F, Yaniv M, Oren M. Wild-type p53 can down-modulate the activity of various promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 9979–9983.
Chin KV, Ueda K, Pastan I, Gottesman MM. Modulation of activity of the promoter of the human MDR1 gene by ras and p53. Sci 1992; 255: 459–462.
Zastawny RL, Salvino R, Chen J, Benchimol S, Ling V. The core promoter region of the P-glycoprotein gene is sufficient to confer differential responsiveness to wild-type and mutant p53. Oncogene 1993; 8: 1529–1535.
Miyashita T, Harigai M, Hanada M, Reed JC. Identification of a p53-dependent negative response element in the bd-2 gene. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 3131–3135.
Wu X, Bayle JH, Olson D, Levine AJ. The p53-mdm-2 autoregulatory feedback loop. Genes & Dev 1993; 7: 1126–1132.
Otto A, Deppert W. Upregulation of mdm-2 expression in meth A tumor cells tolerating wild-type p53. Oncogene 1993; 8: 2591–2603.
Kastan MB, Zhan Q, El-Deity WS, et al. A mammalian cell-cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxiatelangiectasia. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10: 5914–5920.
El-Deity WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, et al. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 1993; 75: 817–825.
Harper JW, Adami GR, Wei N, Keyomarsi K, Elledge SJ. The p21 Cdkinteracting protein Cipl is a potent inhibitor pf G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 1993; 75: 805–816.
Osifhin NE, Jiang D, Ohtuni-Fujita N, et al. Identification of a p53-binding site in the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene promoter. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 6383–6389.
Deffie A, Wu H, Reinke V, Lozano G. The tumor suppressor p53 regulates its own transcription. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13: 3415–3423.
Subler MA, Martin W, Deb S. Overlapping domains on the p53 protein regulate its transcriptional activation and repression functions. Oncogene 1994; 9: 1351–1359.
Momand J, Zambetti GP, Olson DC, George D, Levine AJ. The mdm-2 Oncogene Product Forms a Complex with the p53 Protein and Inhibits p53-Mediated Transactivation. Cell 1992; 69: 1237–1245.
Oliner JD, Pietenpol JA, Thiagalingam S, Gyuris J, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Oncoprotein MDM2 conceals the activation domain of tumour suppression p53. Nature 1993; 362: 857–860.
Tishler RB, Calderwood SK, Coleman CN, Price BD. Increases in sequence-specific DNA-binding by p53 following treatment with chemotherapeutic and DNA damaging agents. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2212–2216.
Maltzman W, Czyzyk L. UV irradiation stimulates levels of p53 cellular tumor antigen in nontransformed mouse cells. Mol Cell Biol 1984; 4: 1689–1694.
Hall PA, McKee PH, Menage HD, Dover R, Lane DP. High levels of p53 protein in UV-irradiated normal human skin. Oncogene 1992; 8: 203–207.
Kastan MB, Onyekwere O, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Craig RW. Participation of the p53 protein in the cellular response to DNA damage. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 6304–6311.
Dulic V, Kaufmann WK, Wilson SJ, et al. p53-dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activities in human fibroblasts during radiation-induced G1 arrest. Cell 1994; 75: 1013–1023.
Zhang W, Guo XY, Hu GY, Liu WB, Shay JW, Deisseroth AB. A temperature-sensitive mutant of human p53. EMBO J 1994; 13: 2535–2544.
Zhang W, Funk WD, Wright WE, Shay JW, Deisseroth AB. Novel DNA binding of p53 mutants and their role in transcriptional activation. Oncogene 1993; 8: 2555–2559.
Depamphilis ML. Replication of simian virus 40 and polyoma virus chromosomes. In: Aloni Y, ed. Molecular Aspects of Papovaviruses. Boston: Matinus Nijhoff, 1987: 1–40.
Dornreiter I, Copeland WC, Wang TS-F. Initiation of simian virus 40 DNA replication requires the interaction of a specific domain of human DNA polymerase alpha with large T antigen. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13: 809–820.
Gannon JV, Lane DP. Interactions between SV40 T antigen and DNA polymerase. New Biol 1990; 2: 84–92.
Sturzbecher H-W, Brain R, Maimets T, Addison C, Rudge K, Jenkins JR. Mouse p53 blocks SV40 DNA replication in vitro and downregulates T antigen DNA helicase activity. Oncogene 1988; 3: 405–413.
Wang EH, Friedman PN, Prives C. The murine p53 protein block replication of SV40 DNA in vitro by inhibiting the initiation functions of SV40 large T antigen. Cell 1989; 57: 379–392.
Friedman PN, Kern SE, Vogelstein B, Prives C. Wild-type, but not mutant, human p53 proteins inhibit the replication activities of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 9275–9279.
Braithwaite AW, Sturzbevcher HW, Addison C, Palmer C, Rudge K, Jenkins JR. Mouse p53 inhibits SV40 origin-dependent DNA replication. Nature 1987; 329: 458–460.
Wilcock D, Lane DP. Localization of p53, retinoblastoma, and host replication proteins at sites of viral replication in herpes-infected cells. Nature 1991; 349: 429.
Li R, Botchan MR. The acidic transcriptional activation domains of VP16 and p53 bind the cellular replication protein A and stimulate in vitro BPV-1 DNA replication. Cell 1993; 73: 1207–1221.
Dutta A, Ruppert JM, Aster JC, Winchester E. Inhibition of DNA replication factor RPA by p53. Nature (London) 1993; 365: 79–82.
Duan L, Ozaki I, Oakes JW, Taylor JP, Khalili K, Pomerantz RJ. The tumor suppressor protein p53 strongly alters human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. J Virol 1994; 68: 4302–4313.
Depamphilis ML. Transcriptional elements as components of eukaryotic origins of DNA replication. Cell 1988; 52: 635.
Lane DP. p53: guardian of the genome. Nature 1992; 358:15–16.
Kuerbitz SJ, Plunket BS, Walsh WV, Kastan MB. Wild-type p53 is a cell-cycle checkpoint determinant following irradiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 7491–7495.
Livingstone LR, White A, Sprouse J, Livanos E, Jacks T, Tisty TD. Altered cell-cycle arrest amplification potential accompany loss of wild-type p53. Cell 1992; 70: 923–925.
Yin Y, Tainsky MA, Bischoff FZ, Strong LC, Wahl GM. Wild-type p53 restores cell-cycle control and inhibits gene amplification in cells with mutant p53 alleles. Cell 1992; 70: 937–948.
Liu M, Dhanwada KR, Birt DF, Hecht S, Pelling JC. Increase in p53 protein half-life in mouse keratinocytes following UV-B irradiation. Carcinogenesis 1994; 15: 1089–1092.
Brain R, Jenkins JR. Human p53 directs DNA strand reassociation and is photolabelled by 8-azido ATP. Oncogene 1994; 9: 1775–1780.
Donehower LA, Harvey M, Slagle BL, et al. Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumours. Nature 1992; 356: 215–221.
Malkin D, Li FP, Strong LC, et al. Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms. Science 1990; 250: 1233–1238.
Srivastava S, Zou Z, Pirollo K, Blattner W, Chang EH. Germ-line transmission of a mutated p53 gene in a cancer-prone family with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Nature 1990; 348: 747.
Law JC, Strong LC, Chidambaram A, Ferrell RE. A germ line mutation in exon 5 of the p53 gene in an extended cancer family. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 6385.
Santibanez-Koref MF, Birch JM, Hartley AL, et al. p53 germline mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Lancet 1991; 338: 1490.
Harvey M, Sands AT, Weiss RS, et al. In vitro growth characteristics of embryo fibroblasts isolated from p53-deficient mice. Oncogene 1993; 8: 2457–2467.
Yonish-Rouach E, Resnitzky D, Rotem J, Sachs L, Kimchi A, Oren M. Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6. Nature 1991; 352: 345–347.
Lowe SW, Schmitt EM, Smith SW, Osborne BA, Jacks T. p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. Nature 1993; 362: 847–849.
Clarke AR, Purdie CA, Harrison DJ, et al. Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways. Nature 1993; 362: 849–852.
Caelles C, Helmberg A, Karin M. p53-dependent apoptosis in the absence of transcriptional activation of p53 target genes. Nature (London) 1994; 370: 220–223.
Maxwell SA, Ames SK, Sawai ET, Decker GL, Cook RG, Butel JS. Simian virus 40 large T antigen and p53 are microtubule-associated proteins in transformed cells. Cell Growth Differ 1991; 2: 115–127.
Brown CR, Doxsey SJ, White E, Welch WJ. Both viral (adenovirus E1B) and cellular (hsp70, p53) components interact with centrosomes. J Cell Physiol 1994; 160: 47–60.
Michieli P, Chedid M, Lin D, Pierce JH, Mercer WE, Givol D. Induction of WAF1/CIP1 by a p53-independent pathway. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 3391–3395.
Srivastava S, Wang S, Tong YA, Pirollo K, Chang EH. Several mutant p53 proteins detected in cancer-prone families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome exhibit transdominant effects on the biochemical properties of the wild-type p53. Oncogene 1993; 8: 2449–2456.
Nigro JM, Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, et al. Mutations in the p53 gene. occur in diverse human tumor types. Nature 1989; 342: 705–708.
Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Harris CC. p53 mutations in human cancers. Science 1991; 253: 49–53.
Levine AJ, Momand J. Tumor suppressor genes: the p53 and retino-blastoma sensitivity gene and gene products. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1032: 119–136.
Lane DP, Benchimol S. p53: oncogene or anti-oncogene. Genes Dev 1990; 4: 1–8.
Greemblatt MS, Bennett WP, Hollstein M, Harris CC. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor genes: clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 4855–4878.
Finlay CA, Hinds PW, Levine AJ. The p53 proto-oncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation. Cell 1989; 57: 1083–1093.
Hinds P, Finlay C, Levine AJ. Mutation is required to activate the p53 gene for cooperation with the ras oncogene and transformation. J Virol 1989; 63 (2): 739–746.
Eliyahu D, Raz A, Gruss P, Givol D, Oren M. Participation of p53 cellular tumor antigen in transformation of normal embryonic cells. Nature 1984; 312: 646–649.
Parada LF, Land H, Weinberg A, Wolf D, Rotter V. Cooperation between gene encoding p53 tumour antigen and ras in cellular transformation. Nature 1984; 312: 649–651.
Wolf D, Harris N, Rotter V. Reconstitution of p53 expression in a nonproducer Ab-MuLV-transformed cell line by transfection of a functional p53 gene. Cell 1984; 38: 119–126.
Shaulsky G, Goldfinger N, Rotter V. Alterations in tumor development in vivo mediated by expression of wild type or mutant p53 proteins. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 5232–5237.
Dittmer D, Pati S, Zambetti G, et al. Gain of function mutations in p53. Nat Genet 1993; 4: 42–45.
Ridgway PJ, Hale TK, Braithwaite AW. p53 confers a selective advantage on transfected HeLa cells. Oncogene 1993; 8: 1069–1074.
Bargonetti J, Friedman PN, Kern SE, Vogelstein B, Prives C. Wild-type but not mutant p53 immunopurified proteins bind to sequences adjacent to the SV40 origin of replication. Cell 1991; 65: 1083–1091.
Deb S, Jackson CT, Subler MA, Morton DW. Modulation of cellular and viral promoters by mutant human p53 proteins found in tumor cells. J Virol 1992; 66: 6164–6170.
Mukhopadhyay T, Roth JA. A codon 248 p53 mutation retains tumor suppressor function as shown by enhancement of tumor growth by antisense p53. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 4362–4366.
Raycroft L, Schnidt JR, Yoas K, Hao M, Lozano G. Analysis of p53 mutants for transcriptional activity. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11: 6067–6074.
Li B, Greenberg N, Stephens LC, Meyn R, Medina D, Rosen JM. Preferential overexpression of a 1721eu mutant p53 in the mammary gland of transgenic mice results in altered lobuloalveolar development. Cell Growth & Differentation 1994; 5: 711–721.
Levine AJ, Momand J, Finlay CA. The p53 tumour suppressor gene. Nature 1991; 351: 453–456.
Reich NC, Oren M, Levine AJ. Two distinct mechanisms regulate the levels of a cellular tumor antigen, p53. Mol Cell Biol 1983; 3: 2143–2150.
Reich NC, Levine A. Growth regulation of a cellular tumor antigen, p53, in nontransformed cells. Nature 1984; 308: 199–201.
Pinhasi-Kimhi O, Michalovitz D, Ben-Ze’ev A, Oren M. Specific interaction between the p53 cellular tumor antigen and major heat shock proteins. Nature 1986; 320: 182–184.
Sturzbecher H-W, Chumakow P, Welch WJ, Jenkins JR. Mutant p53 proteins bind hsp 72/73 cellular heat shock-related proteins in SV40 transformed monkey cells. Oncogene 1987; 1: 201–211.
Hinds PW, Finlay CA, Frey AB, Levine AJ. Immunological evidence for the association of p53 with a heat shock protein, hsc 70, in p53-plus-rastransformed cell lines. Mol Cell Biol 1987; 7: 2863–2869.
Finlay CA, Hinds PW, Tan TH, Eliyahu D, Oren M, Levine AJ. Activating mutations for transformation by p53 produce a gene product that forms an hsc 70-p53 complex with an altered half-life. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8: 531–539.
Milner J, Cook A, Sheldon M. A new anti-p53 monoclonal antibody, previously reported to be directed against the large T antigen of simian virus 40. Oncogene 1987; 1: 453–455.
Cook A, Milner J. Evidence for allosteric variants of wild-type p53, a tumour suppressor protein. Br J Cancer 1990; 61: 548–552.
Gannon JV, Greaves R, Iggo R, Lane DP. Activating mutations in p53 produce a common conformational effect. A monoclonal antibody specific for the mutant form. EMBO J 1990; 9: 1595–1602.
Yewell JW, Gannon JV, Lane DP. Monoclonal antibody analysis of p53 expression in normal and transformed cells. EMBO J 1986; 59: 444–452.
Stephen CW, Lane DP. Mutant conformation of p53: precise epitope mapping using a filamentous phage library. J Mol Biol 1992; 225: 577–583.
Cho YJ, Gorina S, Jeffrey PD, Pavletich NP. Crystal structure of a p53 tumor suppressor DNA complex: Understanding tumorigenic mutations. Science 1994; 265: 346–355.
Milner J. Different forms of p53 detected by monoclonal antibodies in non-dividing and dividing lymphocytes. Nature 1984; 310: 143–145.
Milner J, Watson JV. Addition of fresh medium induces cell cycle and conformation changes in p53, a tumour suppressor protein. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1683–1690.
Spandau DF. Distinct conformations of p53 are observed at different stages of keratinocyte differentiation. Oncogene 1994; 9: 1861–1868.
Wu J, Wang M, Li X, Sheng Y. Conformation changes of p53 proteins in regulation of murine T-lymphocyte proliferation. Cell Mol Biol Res 1993; 39: 27–31.
Zhang W, Hu G, Esley E, Hester J, Deisseroth A. Altered conformation of the p53 protein in myeloid leukemia cells and mitogen-stimulated normal blood cells. Oncogene 1992; 7: 1645–1647.
Rivas CI, Wisnlewski D, Strife A, et al. Constitutive expression of p53 protein in enriched normal human marrow blast cell populations. Blood 1992; 79: 1982–1986.
Delmnolino L, Band H, Band V. Expression and stability of p53 protein in normal human mammary epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 1993; 76: 827–832.
Hinds PW, Finlay CA, Quartin RS, et al. Mutant p53 DNA clones from human colon carcinomas cooperate with ras in transforming primary rat cells: a comparison of the “hot spot” mutant phenotypes. Cell Growth & Differentation 1990; 1: 571–580.
Michalovitz D, Eliyahu D, Oren M. Overproduction of protein p53 contributes to simian virus-mediated transformation. Mol Cell Biol 1986; 6: 3531–3536.
Deppert W, Buschhausen-Denker G, Patschinsky T, Steinmeyer K. Cell cycle control of p53 in normal (3T3) and chemically transformed (Meth A) mouse cells. II. Requirement for cell cycle progression. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1701–1706.
Mercer WE, Nelson D, Deleo AB, Old LJ, Baserga R. Microinjection of monoclonal antibody to protein p53 inhibits serum-induced DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 79: 6309–6312.
Shohat O, Greenberg M, Reisman D, Oren M, Rotter V. Inhibition of cell growth mediated by plasmids encoding p53 anti-sense. Oncogene 1987; 1: 277–283.
Mosner J, Deppert W. Conformational analysis of p53 in resting and Con A stimulated mouse lymphocytes. Oncogene 1992; 7: 661–666.
Hainaut P, Milner J. Redox modulation of p53 conformation and sequence-specific DNA binding in vitro. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 4469–4473.
Halevy O, Michalovitz D, Oren M. Different tumor-derived p53 mutants exhibit distinct biological activities. Science 1990; 250: 113–116.
Levine AJ. The p53 tumor suppressor gene and product. Cancer Surveys 1992; 12: 59–79.
Slingerland JM, Jenkins JR, Benchimol S. The Transforming and Suppressor Functions of p53 Alleles -Effects of Mutations That Disrupt Phosphorylation, Oligomerization and Nuclear Translocation. EMBO J 1993; 12: 1029–1037.
Chen X, Farmer G, Xhu H, Prywes R, Prives C. Cooperative DNA binding of p53 with TFIID (TBP): a possible mechanism for transcriptional activation. Genes Dev 1993; 7: 1837–1849.
Chumakov AM, Miller CW, Chen DL, Koeffler HP. Analysis of p53 transactivation through high-affinity binding sites. Oncogene 1993; 8: 3005–3011.
Medcalf EA, Takahashi T, Chiba I, Minna J, Milner J. Temperaturesensitve mutants of p53 associated with human carcinoma of the lung. Oncogene 1992; 7: 71–76.
Milner J, Medcalf EA. Cotranslation of activated mutant p53 with wild-type drives the wild-type p53 protein into the mutant conformation. Cell 1991; 65: 765–774.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mukhopadhyay, T., Maxwell, S.A., Roth, J.A. (1995). Biophysical and Biochemical Properties of the p53 Protein. In: p53 Suppressor Gene. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22275-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22275-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-22277-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-22275-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive