Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a region of highly polymorphic genes 1 whose products are expressed on a variety of cells. Due to the history of discoveries, human MHC molecules are also designated as human leukocyte antigens (HLA) based on their recognition with alloantisera on human leukocytes. The MHC genes are functionally, structurally and evolutionary related to each other. The two major gene families, class I and class II, encode two different types of MHC molecules, which are functionally specialized in displaying antigenic peptides either to CD8+ (MHC class I) or to CD4+ (MHC class II) T-lymphocytes. This dichotomy of antigen presentation reflects an attractive logic, in that the almost ubiquitous expression of MHC class I molecules corresponds to the need to eliminate cells of any lineage harbouring intracellular pathogens, a task performed by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL). This is in contrast to the restricted distribution of MHC class II molecules to certain antigen-presenting cell types (APC).
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Rammensee, HG., Bachmann, J., Stevanović, S. (1997). The MHC Genes. In: MHC Ligands and Peptide Motifs. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22162-4_2
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