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Genetik pp 535–575Cite as

Instabilität des Genoms: Transposons und Retroviren

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Zusammenfassung

Neben den zuvor erörterten Mutationsmechanismen gibt es noch eine weitere Quelle von Veränderungen im Genom, die nicht nur lokale Veränderungen in der DNA einschließt, sondern auch für die Verlagerung von DNA-Sequenzelementen verantwortlich sein kann. In den Genomen aller Organismen sind sogenannte Transposons vorhanden, genetische Elemente, die ihre Positionen innerhalb des Genoms verändern können. Dabei können sie auch DNA-Stücke aus der Nachbarschaft ihrer Insertionsstellen im Genom verlagern. Transposons sind daher in der Lage, komplexere Veränderungen im Genom zu induzieren und eventuell sogar Neukombinationen funktioneller Genbereiche zu bewirken, wie es etwa durch Verlagerung und Neukombination von Exons vorstellbar ist.

Mosaikfarbmuster in Blüten beruhen häufig auf somatischen Transpositionen. Das Bild zeigt eine Chrysantheme. (Photo: W. Hennig, Mainz.)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Max-Planck Guest Laboratory, Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, P. R. China

    Professor Dr. Wolfgang Hennig

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  1. Professor Dr. Wolfgang Hennig
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© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Hennig, W. (2002). Instabilität des Genoms: Transposons und Retroviren. In: Genetik. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21953-9_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21953-9_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-21954-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-21953-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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