Abstract
The Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme (JCP) — a multilateral effort to remediate and ‘restore the ecological balance of the Baltic Sea’ — celebrates its tenth anniversary in 2002–2003. Programme participants audited the JCP in 1997 at the close of the first five-year phase. The main body overseeing the JCP, the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) declares the programme a success as do a variety of observers. Indeed, pollution emissions from various JCP ‘hot spots’ have been reduced, among other accomplishments. However, the JCP is not without shortcomings including problems stemming from the earliest days of its formulation. Detracting from the performance of the first phase were overly ambitious goals for pollution abatement and dubious accounting measures for programme success.
Research for this article was supported by a grant from the United States National Research Council’s Office for Central Europe and Eurasia. GIS base maps were adapted from the United Nations Environment Programme’s GRID-Arendal map atlas.
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Auer, M.R., Nilenders, E. (2002). Cleaning up Hot Spots in the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin: An Appraisal of the Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme. In: Hedegaard, L., Lindström, B., Joenniemi, P., Östhol, A., Peschel, K., Stålvant, CE. (eds) The NEBI YEARBOOK 2001/2002. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13181-7_6
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