Skip to main content

Hairy Cell Leukemia: Advances in the Immunologic Evaluation and Identification of a Normal Counterpart Cell

  • Chapter
Progress in Surgical Pathology

Abstract

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA (HCL) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that has sparked controversy from the time of its initial recognition. Bouroncle and coworkers are widely credited for the first detailed description of HCL based on their classic 1958 paper, which evaluated 26 patients with a disease that these authors termed leukemic reticuloendotheliosis.1 However, an earlier description of 16 patients with HCL is found in a 1952 abstract on “reticulum cell leukemia” presented to the American Society of Clinical Pathology by Rosenthal and Lee.2 The subsequent manuscript submitted by these authors in 1953 to the American Journal of Clinical Pathology was rejected because the reviewers felt that the paper had merely applied a new name to “a commonly recognized condition.”2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bouroncle B.A., Wiseman B.K., Doan C.A.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Blood 13:609–630, 1958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rosenthal R.L., Steiner G.C., Golub B.S.: Hairy cell leukemia: Historical aspects and bone involvement. Mt Sinai J Med 46:237–242, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lee S.L., Rosner F., Rosenthal N., Rosenthal R.L.: Reticulum cell leukemia: Clinical and hematologic entity. NY State J Med 69:422–429, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Belding H.W., Daland G.A., Parker F. Jr: Histiocytic and monocytic leukemia: A clinical, hematological, and pathological differentiation. Cancer 8:237–252, 1955.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cawley J.C., Burns G.F., Hayhoe G.F.J.: Hairy Cell Leukemia. Recent Results in Cancer Research. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1980, pp. 1–123.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gosselin G.R., Hanlon D.G., Pease G.L.: Leu-kaemic reticuloendotheliosis. Can Med Assoc J 74:886–891, 1956.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Schrek R., Donnelly W.J.: “Hairy” cells in blood in lymphoreticular neoplastic disease and “flagellated” cells of normal lymph nodes. Blood 27:199–211, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Plenderleith I.H.: Hairy cell leukemia. Can Med Assoc J 102:1056–1060, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bouroncle B.A.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy cell leukemia). Blood 53:412–436, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Stewart D.J., Keating M.J.: Radiation exposure as a possible etiologic factor in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). Cancer 46:1577–1580, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Burke J.S., Rappaport H.: The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia in bone marrow and spleen. Semin Oncol 11:334–346, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Catovsky D.: Prolymphocytic and hairy cell leuke-mias, in Gunz F.W., Henderson E.S. (eds): Leukemia, ed 4. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1982, pp 759–781.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Catovsky D, Costello C., Loukopoulos D., et al: Hairy cell leukemia and myelomatosis: Chance association or clinical manifestations of the same B-cell disease spectrum. Blood 57:758–763, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lawlor E., Willoughby R., O’Brian D.S., Daly P.A.: Multiple neoplasms in hairy cell leukaemia. Acta Haematol 72:51–60, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Vardiman J.W., Golomb H.M.: Autopsy findings in hairy cell leukemia. Semin Oncol 11:370–380, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wylin R.F., Greene M.H., Palutke M., et al: Hairy cell leukemia in three siblings: An apparent HLA-linked disease. Cancer 49:538–542, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bouroncle B.A.: The history of hairy cell leukemia: Characteristics of long-term survivors. Semin Oncol 11:479–485, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Braylan R.C., Burke J.S.: Hairy cell leukemia. Ann Rev Med 30:17–24, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Burke J.S., Byrne G.E. Jr, Rappaport H.: Hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). I. A clinical pathologic study of 21 patients. Cancer 33:1399–1410, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Catovsky D.: Hairy-cell leukaemia and prolymphocytic leukaemia. Clin Haematol 6:245–268, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Flandrin G., Sigaux F., Sebahoun G., Bouffette P.: Hairy cell leukemia: Clinical presentation and follow-up of 211 patients. Semin Oncol 11:458–471, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. McKenna R.W., Brunning R.D.: Hairy cell leukemia, in Koepke J.A. (ed): Laboratory Hematology. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1984, pp 417–443.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Naeim F., Smith G.S.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Cancer 34:1813–1821, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Turner A., Kjeldsberg, C.R.: Hairy cell leukemia: A review. Medicine 57:477–499, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Westbrook C.A., Groopman J.E., Golde D.W.: Hairy cell leukemia: Disease pattern and prognosis. Cancer 54:500–506, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bartl R., Frisch B., Hill W., et al: Bone marrow histology in hairy cell leukemia: Identification of subtypes and their prognostic significance. Am J Clin Pathol 79:531–545, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Catovsky D., Pettit J.E., Galton D.A.G., Spiers A.S.D., Harrison C.V.: Leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis (“hairy” cell leukaemia): A distinct clinicopathological entity. Br J Haematol 26:9–27, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Golomb H.M., Catovsky D., Golde D.: Hairy cell leukemia. A clinical review based on 71 cases. Ann Intern Med 89:677–683, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Demanes D.J., Lane N., Beckstead J.H.: Bone involvement in hairy-cell leukemia. Cancer 49:1697–1701, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Quesada J.R., Keating M.L., Libshitz H.I., Llamas L.: Bone involvement in hairy cell leukemia. Am J Med 74:228–231, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Janckila A.J., Wallace J.H., Yam L.T.: Generalized monocyte deficiency in leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis. Scand J Haematol 29:153–160, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Seshadri R.S., Brown E.J., Zipursky A.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: A failure of monocyte production. New Engl J Med 295:181–184, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rosove M.H., Naeim F., Harwig S., Zighelboim J.: Severe platelet dysfunction in hairy cell leukemia with improvement after splenectomy. Blood 55:903–906, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Naeim F., Gatti R.A., Johnson C.E., Jr, et al: “Hairy cell” leukemia: A heterogeneous chronic lymphoproliferative disorder. Am J Med 65:479–487, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Trubowitz S., Masek B., Frasca J.M.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Blood 38:288–298, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yam L.T., Castoldi G.L., Garvey M.B., Mitus W.J.: Functional cytogenetic and cytochemical study of the leukemic reticulum cells. Blood 32:90–101, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Li C.Y., Yam L.T., Lam K.W.: Studies of acid phosphatase isoenzymes in human leukocytes demonstration of isoenzyme cell specificity. J Histochem Cytochem 18:901–910, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Janckila A.J., Li C., Lam K., Yam L.T.: The cytochemistry of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Am J Clin Pathol 70:45–55, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Katayama I., Li C.Y., Yam L.T.: Histochemical study of acid phosphatase isoenzyme in leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Cancer 29:157–164, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mover S., Li C.Y., Yam L.T.: Semiquantitative evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in human blood cells. J Lab Clin Med 80:111–717, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yam L.T., Li C.Y., Finkel H.E.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: The role of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in diagnosis and splenectomy in treatment. Arch Intern Med 130:248–256, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Yam, L.T., Li C.Y., Lam K.W.: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme in the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. New Engl J Med 284:357–360, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Katayama I., Yang J.P.S.: Reassessment of a cytochemical test for differential diagnosis of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Am J Clin Pathol 69:268–272, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Naeim F., Capostagno V.J., Johnson C.E. Jr, et al: Sezary syndrome: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the neoplastic cells. Am J Clin Pathol 71:528–533, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Usui T., Konishi H., Sawada H., Uchino H.: Existence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in differentiated lymphoid leukemic cells. Am J Hematol 12:47–54, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Foucar K: Cytochemical, cytological and ultrastructural study of human spleen for leukemic reticuloendotheliosis-like cells. Lab Invest 48:27A, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sharp J.W., Holloway M.L., Schumacher H.R., Stass S.A.: Positive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining in morphologically normal peripheral-blood lymphocytes. Am J Clin Pathol 71:133–134, 1979 (letter to the Editor).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Radzun H.J., Kreipe H., Parwaresch M.R.: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a differentiation marker for the human mononuclear phagocyte system. Hematol Oncol 1:321–327, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Higgy K.E., Burns G.F., Hayhoe F.G.J.: Identification of the hairy cells of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis by an esterase method. Br J Haematol 38:99–106, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Nanba K., Jaffe E.S., Sorban E.J., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: Enzyme histochemical characterization, with special reference to splenic stromal changes. Cancer 39:2323–2336, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Variakojis D., Vardiman J.W., Golomb H.M.: Cytochemistry of hairy cells. Cancer 45:72–77, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Katayama I., Li C.Y., Yam L.T.: Ultrastructural characteristics of the “hairy cells” of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Am J Pathol 67:361–370, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Katayama I., Schneider G.B.: Further ultrastructural characterization of hairy cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Am J Pathol 86:163–182, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Rosner M.C., Golomb H.M.: Ribosome-Lamella complex in hairy cell leukemia: Ultrastructure and distribution. Lab Invest 42:236–247, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Daniel M. III, Flandrin G.: Fine structure of abnormal cells in hairy cell (tricholeukocytic) leukemia, with special reference to their in vitro phagocytic capacity. Lab Invest 30:1–8, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mikata A., Suzuki S., Suzuki H., et al: Ribosome-lamella complex of the lymphocytes in a case of plasmacytic lymphadenopathy with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Ultrastructural Pathol 6:161–166, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Brunning, R.D., Parkin J.: Ribosome-lamella complexes in neoplastic hematopoietic cells. Am J Pathol 79:565–578, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Zucker-Franklin D.: Virus-like particles in the lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 21:509–512, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Zimmerman, K.G., Payne C.M., Nagle R.B.: Ribosome-lamellar complexes in benign plasma cells accompanying neoplastic infiltrates. Am J Clin Pathol 81:364–367, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Katayama I., Li C.Y., Yam L.T.: Ultrastructural cytochemical demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme activity in “hairy cells” of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Am J Pathol 69:471–482, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Katayama I., Li C.Y., Yam L.T.: Ultrastructural demonstration of a substrate specific acid phosphatase activity with lead salt method using naphthol AS-BI phosphate as substrate. Takeuchi T., Ogawa K., Fujita S. (eds): The Fourth International Congress of Histochemisty and Cytochemistry. Koyoto, Japan, Japan Society of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, pp 339–340, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Boesen A.M.: Ultrastructural localization of acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase in human normal and neoplastic lymphocytic and monocytic cells and in hairy cells. Scand J Haematol 32:367–375, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Mori N., Tsunoda R., Kojima M., et al: Ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in hairy cell leukemia. Hum Pathol 15:1042–1047, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Reynes M., Tricottet V., Caprol F., Diebold J.: Immunoglobulin synthesis in hairy cell leukaemia: Ultrastructural immunocytochemical study of 3 cases. Scand J Haematol 31:501–506, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Braylan R.C., Jaffe E.S., Triche T.J., et al: Structural and functional properties of the “hairy” cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Cancer 41:210–227, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Debusscher L., Bernheim J.L., Collard-Ronge E., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: Functional, immunologic, kinetic, and ultrastructural characterization. Blood 46:495–507, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Lele K.P., Filippa D.A., Chaganti R.S.K.: Cytogenetic studies of hairy cell leukemia. Cancer Genet & Cytogenet 4:325–330, 1981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Golomb H.M.: Hairy cell leukemia: An unusual lymphoproliferative disease. Cancer 42:946–956, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Burke J.S.: The value of the bone-marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 70:876–884, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Lee W.M.F., Beckstead J.H.: Hairy cell leukemia with bone marrow hypoplasia. Cancer 50:2207–2210, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Quesada J.R., Hersh E.M., Gutterman J.U.: Biologic therapy of hairy cell leukemia. Semin Oncol 11:507–510, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Burke J.S., Mackay B., Rappaport H.: Hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). II. Ultra-structure of the spleen. Cancer 37:2267–2274, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Nanba K., Soban E.J., Bowling M.C., Berard C.W.: Splenic pseudosinuses and hepatic angiomatous lesions: Distinctive features of hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 67:415–426, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Pilon V.A., Davey F.R., Gordon G.B., Jones D.B.: Splenic alterations in hairy-cell leukemia: II. An electron microscopic study. Cancer 49:1617–1623, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Yam L.T., Janckila A.J., Chan C.H., Li C.Y.: Hepatic involvement in hairy cell leukemia. Cancer 51:1497–1504, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Budman D.R., Koziner B., Arlin Z., et al: Massive lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma in leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Am J Med 66:160–162, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Lawrence D.M., Sun N.C.J., Mena R., Moss R.: Cutaneous lesions in hairy-cell leukemia. Arch Dermatol 119:322–325, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Golomb H.M., Catovsky D., Golde D.W.: Hairy cell leukemia: A five-year update on seventy-one patients. Ann Intern Med 99:485–486, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Katayama I., Finkel H.E.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. A clinicopathologic study with review of the literature: Am J Med 57:115–126, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Jansen J., Hermans J. (for the Collaborative Study Groups): Splenectomy in hairy cell leukemia: A retrospective multicenter analysis. Cancer 47:2066–2076, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Stewart D.J., Smith T.L., Keating M.J., et al: Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). Cancer 53:1198–1201, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Golomb H.M., Hadad L.J.: Infectious complications in 127 patients with hairy cell leukemia. Am J Hematol 16:393–401, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Naeim F.: Clinicopathological subtypes in hairy-cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 78:80–85, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Rice L., Shenkenberg T., Lynch E.C., Wheeler T.M.: Granulomatous infections complicating hairy cell leukemia. Cancer 49:1924–1928, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Stewart D.J., Bodey G.P.: Infections in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). Cancer 47:801–805, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Hersch E.M., Quesada J., Keating M.J., et al: Host defense factors and prognosis in hairy cell leukemia. Leuk Res 6:625–637, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Lauria F., Roa R., Matera L., et al: Membrane phenotype and functional behaviour of T lymphocytes in hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Semin Oncol 11:409–412, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Eldar S., Kemeny M.M., Benfield J.R.: Splenectomy for the treatment of hairy-cell leukemia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 155:829–832, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Golomb H.M., Vardiman J.W.: Response to splenectomy in 65 patients with hairy cell leukemia: An evaluation of spleen weight and bone marrow involvement. Blood 61:349–352, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Jansen J., den Ottolander G.J., Holdrinet R.S.G., et al: Prognosis and therapy in hairy cell leukemia. Semin Oncol 11:472–478, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Myers T.J., Ikeda Y., Schwartz S., et al: Primary splenic hairy cell leukemia-remission for 21 years following splenectomy. Am J Hematol 11:299–303, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Quesada J.R., Reuben J., Manning J.T., et al: Alpha interferon for induction of remission in hairy-cell leukemia. New Engl J Med 310:15–18, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Stewart D.J., Benjamin R.S., McCredie K.B., et al: The effectiveness of rubidazone in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). Blood 54:298–304, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gaynor E., Golomb H.M., McClellan J.: Initial alkylating agent chemotherapy in a leukemic hairy cell patient. Am J Hematol 16:91–94, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Annino L., Tentori L. Jr, Camelli G., et al: Chemotherapy in hairy cell leukemia: Preliminary results of a nonaggressive regimen. Cancer 53:2398–2400, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Golomb H.M., Mintz U.: Treatment of hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). II. Chlorambucil therapy in postsplenectomy patients with progressive disease. Blood 54:305–309, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Golomb H.M., Schmidt K., Vardiman J.W.: Chlorambucil therapy of twenty-four postsplenectomy patients with progressive hairy cell leukemia. Semin Oncol 11:502–506, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Golomb H.M., Kraut E.H., Oviatt D.L., et al: Absence of prolonged benefit of initial leukapheresis therapy for hairy cell leukemia. Am J Hematol 14:49–56, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Yam L.T., Klock J.C., Mielke C.H.: Therapeutic leukapheresis in hairy cell leukemia: Review of literature and personal experience. Semin Oncol 11:493–501, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Mielke C.H. Jr, Dobbs C.E., Winkler C.F., Yam L.T.: Therapeutic leukapheresis in hairy cell leukemia. Arch Intern Med 142:700–702, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Quesada J.R., Hersh E.M., Keating M., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: Clinical effects of the methanol extraction residue of BCG, lithium carbonate and mononuclear cell-enriched leukocyte transfusions. Leuk Res 5:463–416, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Cheever M.A., Fefer A., Greenberg P.D., et al: Identical twin bone marrow transplantation for hairy cell leukemia. Semin Oncol 11:511–513, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Mitus W.J., Mednicoff I.B., Wittels B., Dameshek W.: Neoplastic lymphoid reticulum cells in the peripheral blood: A histochemical study. Blood 17:206–215, 1961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Golomb H.M., Leatherman E., Rosner M.C.: Hairy cell leukemia: Differences in phagocytic capacity of cells in vitro. Virchows Arch [B Cell Pathol] 30:1–13, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Hammar S.P., Bockus D., Remington F., et al: Autologous red blood cell and platelet engulfment in hairy cell leukemia. Ultrastructural Pathol 3:243–252, 1982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Jansen J., Meijer C.J.L.M., Van Der Valk P., et al: Phagocytic potential of hairy cells. Scand J Haematol 23:69–79, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. King G.W., Hurtubise P.E., Sagone A.L., et al: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: A study of the origin of the malignant cell. Am J Med 59:411–416, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Palutke M., Weise R.W., Tabaczka P., et al: Hairy cells and macrophages: A comparative study. Lab Invest 39:267–280, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Rosner M.C., Golomb H.M.: Phagocytic capacity of hairy cells from seventeen patients. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 40:327–337, 1982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Catovsky D., Sperandio P., O’Brien M., et al: Phagocytic potential of leukaemic B-lymphocytes. Scand J Haematol 19:211–216, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Zucker-Franklin D.: The percentage of monocytes among “mononuclear” cell fractions obtained from normal human blood. J Immunol 112:234–240, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Banerjee D., Hamdy H., Bormanis J., et al: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: Polyclonal surface immunoglobulin on “hairy” cells. Cancer 41:1804–1810, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Rozenszajn L.A., Gutman A., Radnay J., et al: A study of the nature of “hairy” cells with emphasis on enzymatic markers. Am J Clin Pathol 66:432–441, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Schnitzer B., Kass L.: Hairy-cell leukemia: A clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study. Am J Clin Pathol 61:176–187, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Jaffe E.S., Shevach E.M., Frank M.M., Green I.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: Presence of a receptor for cytophilic antibody. Am J Med 57:108–114, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Scheinberg M., Brenner A.I., Sullivan A.L., et al: The heterogeneity of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, “hairy cell leukemia.” Cancer 37:1302–1307, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Smith W.I. Jr, Zidar B.L., Winkelstein A., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: A case with B-lymphocyte origin. Am J Clin Pathol 68:778–786, 1977.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Golomb H.M., Braylan R., Polliack A.: ‘Hairy’ cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis): A scanning electron microscopic study of eight cases. Br J Haematol 29:455–460, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Golde D.W., Quan S.G., Cline M.J.: Hairy cell leukemia: In-vitro culture studies. Ann Intern Med 85:78–79, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Sultan C., Marquet M.: Colony-stimulating capacity of cells of hairy-cell leukaemia. Lancet 1:920, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Zidar B.L., Winkelstein A., Whiteside T.L., et al: Hairy cell leukaemia: Seven cases with probable B-lymphocytic origin. Br J Haematol 37:455–465, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Palutke M., Tabaczka P.: Functional studies of hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). Am J Clin Pathol 7:273–280, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Rubin A.D., Douglas S.D., Chessin L.N., et al: Chronic reticulolymphocytic leukemia: Reclassification of “leukemic reticuloendotheliosis” through functional characterization of the circulating mononuclear cells. Am J Med 47:149–162, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Cawley J.C., Burns G.F., Bevan A., et al: Typical hairy-cell leukaemia with IgGK paraproteinaemia. Br J Haematol 43:215–221, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Cohen H.J., George E.R., Kremer W.B.: Hairy cell leukemia: Cellular characteristics including surface immunoglobulin dynamics and biosynthesis. Blood 53:764–775, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Golomb H.M., Mintz U., Vardiman J., et al: Surface immunoglobulin, lectin-induced cap formation, and phagocytic function in five patients with the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia. Cancer 46:50–55, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Gransar A., Sheibani K., Barna B.P., et al: Characteristics of blood mononuclear and cultured cells in hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 79:733–737, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Haak H.L., De Man J.C.H., Hijmans W., Knapp W., Speck B.: Further evidence for the lymphocytic nature of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy-cell leukemia). Br J Haematol 27:31–38, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Rieber E.P., Hadam M., Linke R.P., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: B-lymphocyte and monocytic properties displayed by one cell. Recent Results Cancer Res 64:204–207, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Rieber E.P., Hadam M.R., Linke R.P., et al: Hairy cell leukaemia: Surface markers and functional capacities of the leukaemic cells analysed in eight patients. Br J Haematol 42:175–188, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Utsinger P.D., Yount W.J., Fuller C.R., Logue M.J., Orringer E.P.: Hairy cell leukemia: B-lymphocyte and phagocytic properties. Blood 49:19–27, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Catovsky D., Pettit J.E., Gaietto J., et al: The B-lymphocyte nature of the hairy cell of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis. Br J Haematol 26:29–37, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Golomb H.M., Davis S., Wilson C., Vardiman J.: Surface immunoglobulins on hairy cells of 55 patients with hairy cell leukemia. Am J Hematol 12:397–401, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Hsu S.M., Yang K., Jaffe E.S.: Hairy cell leukemia: A B cell neoplasm with a unique antigenic pheno-type. Am J Clin Pathol 80:421–428, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Jansen J., Schuit H.R.E., Hermans J., Hijmans W.: Prognostic significance of immunologic phenotype in hairy cell leukemia. Blood 63:1241–1244, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Jansen J., Schuit H.R.E., Meijer C.J.L.M., et al: Cell markers in hairy cell leukemia studied in cells from 51 patients. Blood 59:52–60, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Miyoshi I., Hiraki S., Tsubota T., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: Establishment of a cell line and its characteristics. Cancer 47:60–65, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Tubbs R.R., Savage R.A., Sebek B.A., et al: Antigenic phenotype of splenic hairy cells. Am J Med 76:199–205, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Lemon S.M., Pagano J.S., Utsinger P.D., Sinkovics J.G.: Cultured “hairy cells” infected with Epstein-Barr virus: Evidence for B-lymphocyte origin. Ann Intern Med 90:54–55, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Melo J.V., San Miguel J.F., Moss V.E., Catovsky D.: The membrane phenotype of hairy cell leukemia: A study with monoclonal antibodies. Semin Oncol 11:381–385, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Brooks D.A., Beckman I.G.R., Bradley J., et al: Human lymphocyte markers defined by antibodies derived from somatic cell hybrids. J Immunol 126:1373–1377, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Catovsky D., Cherchi M., Brooks D., et al: Heterogeneity of B-cell leukemias demonstrated by the monoclonal antibody FMC7. Blood 58:406–408, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Jansen J., den Ottolander G.J., Schuit H.R.E., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: Its place among the chronic B cell leukemias. Semin Oncol 11:386–393, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Jansen J., LeBien T.W., Kersey J.H.: The phenotype of the neoplastic cells of hairy cell leukemia studied with monoclonal antibodies. Blood 59:609–614, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Korsmeyer S.J., Greene W.C., Cossman J. et al: Rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin genes and expression of Tac antigen in hairy cell leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:4522–4526, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Worman C.P., Brooks D.A., Hogg N., et al: The nature of hairy cells: A study with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Scand J Haematol 30:223–226, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Cleary M.L., Wood G.S., Warnke R., et al: Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in hairy cell leukemia. Blood 64:99–105, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Korsmeyer S.J., Greene W.C., Waldmann T.A.: Cellular origin of hairy cell leukemia: Malignant B cells that express receptors for T cell growth factor. Semin Oncol 11:394–400, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Meyers F.J., Cardiff R.D., Taylor C.R., et al: Hairy cell leukemia has B-cell genotype. Hematol Oncol 2:145–150, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Divine M., Farcet J.P., Gourdin M.F., et al: Phenotype study of fresh and cultured hairy cells with the use of immunologic markers and electron microscopy. Blood 64:547–552, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Posnett D.N., Wang C., Chiorazzi N., et al: An antigen characteristic of hairy cell leukemia cells is expressed on certain activated B cells. J Immunol 133:1635–1640, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Han T., Dadey B., Pollar C., et al: Lack of T cell antigen expression on hairy cells of B cell origin after in vitro exposure to PHA. Blood 63:958–964, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Worman C.P., Mills K.H.G., Cawley J.C.: Non T lymphoid cells can express T cell surface characteristics: Normal, HCL, and a range of leukemic B cells express T cell antigens after appropriate in vitro stimulation. Semin Oncol 11:401–404, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Machii T., Kitani T.: Similarities between IgG-bear-ing lymphocytes and hairy cells: Cytologic and cy-tochemical studies. Blood 64:166–112, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Boldt D.H., Speckart S.F., MacDermott R.P., et al: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: “Hairy cell leukemia,” functional and structural features of the abnormal cell in a patient with profound leukocytosis. Blood 49:745–757, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Catovsky D., Sperandio P., O’Brien M.: Facultative phagocytosis by leukemic B-lymphocytes: Further proof of the B-cell nature of hairy cells. Recent Results Cancer Res 64:208–212, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Davey F.R., Dock N.L., Terzian J., et al: Immunological studies in hairy cell leukemia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 103:433–436, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Fu S.M., Winchester R.J., Rai K.R., Kunkel H.G.: Hairy cell leukemia: Proliferation of a cell with phagocytic and B-lymphocyte properties. Scand J Immunol 3:847–851, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Golomb H.M., Vardiman J., Sweet D.L. Jr, et al: Hairy cell leukaemia: Evidence for the existence of a spectrum of functional characteristics. Br J Haematol 38:161–170, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Burns G.F., Nash A.A., Worman C.P. et al: A human leukaemic cell expressing hybrid membrane phenotypes. Nature 268:243–245, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Cawley J.C., Burns G.F., Nash T.A., et al: Hairy-cell leukemia with T-cell features. Blood 51:61–69, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Cawley J.C., Burns G.F., Worman C.P., et al: T-cell features in hairy-cell leukaemia. Br J Haematol 43:679–682, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Cawley J.C., Burns G.F., Worman C.P., et al: Clinical and hematologic fluctuations in hairy-cell leukemia: A sequential surface marker analysis. Blood 55:784–791, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Jansen J., Schuit H.R.E., Schreuder G.M. III, Muller H.P., and Meijer C.J.L.M.: Distinct subtype within the spectrum of hairy cell leukemia. Blood 54:459–467, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Worman C.P., Beverley P.C.L., Cawley J.C.: Alterations in the phenotype of hairy cells during culture in the presence of PHA: Requirement for T cells. Blood 59:895–899, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Janckila A.J., Stelzer G.T., Wallace J.H., Yam L.T.: Phenotype of the hairy cells of leukemic reticuloen-dotheliosis defined by monoclonal antibodies. Am J Clin Pathol 79:431–437, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Burns G.F., Cawley J.C., Barker C.R., et al: New evidence relating to the nature and origin of the hairy cell of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis. Br J Haematol 36:71–84, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Hernandez D., Cruz C., Carnot J., et al: Hairy cell leukaemia of T-cell origin. Br J Haematol 38:504–506, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. Saxon A., Stevens R.H., Golde D.W.: T-lymphocyte variant of hairy-cell leukemia. Ann Intern Med 88:323–326, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Semenzaio G., Basso G., Cartei G., et al: Hairy cell leukaemia with T cell features. Br J Haematol 46:491–492, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. Alptuna E., Anteunis A., Krulik M., et al: Hairy cell leukemia: A clinical, immunological and ultrastructural study. New data for the origin of the hairy cell. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 28:135–149, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Forster H.K., Gudat F.G., Girard M.F., et al: Monoclonal antibody against a membrane antigen characterizing leukemic human B-lymphocytes. Cancer Res 42:1927–1934, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Meijer C.J.L.M., Albeda F., van der Valk P., Spaander P.J., and Jansen J.: Immunohistochemical studies of the spleen in hairy-cell leukemia. Am J Pathol 115:266–274, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Meijer C.J.L.M., van der Valk P., Jansen J.: Hairy cell leukemia: An immunohistochemic and morphometric study. Semin Oncol 11:347–352, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Breard J., Reinhertz E.L., Kung P.C., et al: A monoclonal antibody reactive with human peripheral blood monocytes. J Immunol 124:1943–1948, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Posnett D.N., Chiorazzi N., Kunkel H.C.: Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for hairy cell leukemia cells. J Clin Invest 70:254–261, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Posnett D.N., Marboe C.C., Knowles D.M. II, et al: A membrane antigen (HCl) selectively present on hairy cell leukemia cells, endothelial cells, and epidermal basal cells. J Immunol 132:2700–2702, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Posnett D.N., Marboe C.C.: Differentiation antigens associated with hairy cell leukemia. Semin Oncol 11:413–415, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Nowakowski A., Angel A., Schumacher H.R., Bibro M.C.: An assessment of the grid technique for hematological ultrastructural cytochemistry. Blood 58:147A, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Hsu S.M.: Phenotypic expression of B lymphocytes; 3. Marginal zone B cells in the spleen characterized by the expression of Tac and alkaline phosphatase. J Immunol (In press).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Foucar, K. (1986). Hairy Cell Leukemia: Advances in the Immunologic Evaluation and Identification of a Normal Counterpart Cell. In: Fenoglio-Preiser, C.M., Wolff, M., Rilke, F. (eds) Progress in Surgical Pathology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12817-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12817-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-12819-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-12817-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics