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Hematolymphopoietic and Associated Cytokines in Neural Development

  • Chapter
Neuroimmunodegeneration

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Abstract

Ithas become increasingly apparent that many of the same factors regulate development of both the nervous and hematolymphoid systems. Members of two cytokine superfamilies, the hemopoietins and the transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), and the more recently characterized glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, mediate a complementary range of developmental events in the nervous system that frequently exceed those mediated by the classic neurotrophins (Table 1.1). These cytokine families, which are active in hematolymphoid development, are also involved in neurulation, dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube, and in the progressive evolution of the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent studies have begun to characterize the detailed receptor subunit organization and the intracellular signaling pathways utilized by these growth factor families, the specific environmental contexts in which they act and the range of cellular processes by which they orchestrate the progressive sculpting of the developing nervous system. In addition, several experimental investigations have presented provocative evidence suggesting a role for these cytokines in modulating a range of developmental events through bidirectional communications between the hematolymphoid and neural systems.1−4 These diverse cytokines exhibit significant functional redundance and pleiotropy, especially during brain development; thus, targeted knockouts of cytokine signaling components generally demonstrate few central nervous system deficits, although there are often significant developmental abnormalities in the peripheral nervous system.

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  1. Mark F. Mehler
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  2. John A. Kessler
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  1. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas, Smithville, Texas, USA

    Paul K. Y. Wong  & William S. Lynn  & 

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Mehler, M.F., Kessler, J.A. (1998). Hematolymphopoietic and Associated Cytokines in Neural Development. In: Wong, P.K.Y., Lynn, W.S. (eds) Neuroimmunodegeneration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12579-3_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12579-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-12581-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-12579-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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