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Erkrankungen endokriner Drüsen

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Medizinische Therapie in Klinik und Praxis

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Zusammenfassung

Der Hypothalamus koordiniert die Einflüsse des Zentralnervensystems und ist durch Kontrolle der Hypophyse an der Steuerung fast des gesamten endokrinen Systems beteiligt. Unabhängig hiervon wirkt der Hypothalamus auf das Schlaf-Wach-Verhalten, das emotionale Verhalten, die Regulation des autonomen Nervensystems sowie auf Appetit und Essverhalten ein. Pathologische Veränderungen der hypothalamischen Funktion werden bei genetischen Erkrankungen, traumatischen oder entzündlichen Veränderungen sowie bei raumfordernden Prozessen beobachtet. Klinisch äußern sich hypothalamische Erkrankungen zum einen mit endokrinologischen Störungen. Diese imponieren als Funktionsverluste sowohl des Hypophysenvorder- als auch des Hypophysenhinterlappens. Spezifisch hypothalamische Störungen betreffen das Essverhalten mit Ausbildung einer schweren Adipositas, die Durstregulation mit Störung des Durstempfindens sowie die Thermoregulation mit der seltenen Entwicklung einer Hypo- oder Hyperthermie. Durch die lokale raumfordernde Wirkung der Prozesse und der Nähe zu der Sehbahn kann es zudem zu Sehstörungen kommen. Seltener finden sich neurologische Symptome durch Störungen der Liquorzirkulation. Warnsymptome sind Zeichen des gesteigerten intrakraniellen Drucks wie Kopfschmerzen, Übelkeit und Erbrechen.

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Authors
  1. Klaus Mann
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  2. J. Schopohl
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  3. S. Petersenn
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum der Universität, D-93042, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Jürgen Schölmerich

  2. Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120, Halle, Deutschland

    Stefan Burdach

  3. Abteilung Hämatologie, Onkologie Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9, 50924, Köln, Deutschland

    Volker Diehl

  4. Abteilung Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    Helmut Drexler

  5. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum Großhadern — Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Hiddemann

  6. Innere Medizin III Klinische Abteilung für Nephrologie und Dialyse, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Wien, Österreich

    Walter H. Hörl

  7. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Helmfried Klein

  8. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Michael Landthaler

  9. Medizinische Abteilung mit Intensivstation, Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz, Seilerstätte 2, A-4021, Linz, Österreich

    Kurt Lenz

  10. Abteilung für Endokrinologie Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland

    Klaus Mann

  11. Abteilung Gastroenterologie 6 Hepatologie Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universität Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland

    Joachim Mössner

  12. Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Joseph-Strauß-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Ulf Müller-Ladner

  13. Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Inselspital — Universität Bern, Murtenstraße 35, CH-3010, Bern, Schweiz

    Jürg Reichen

  14. Medizinische Universitätsklinik Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Deutschland

    Wolff Schmiegel

  15. Abt. Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Deutschland

    Wolff Schmiegel

  16. II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Städtisches Krankenhaus, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Chemnitzstraße 33, 24116, Kiel, Deutschland

    Johann Oltmann Schröder

  17. Zentrum für Innere Medizin Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Klinikstraße 36, 35385, Gießen, Deutschland

    Werner Seeger

  18. Innere Medizin IV Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Bergheimer Straße 58, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Stremmel

  19. Sektion Infektiologie Medizinische Klinik Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt Universität, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland

    Norbert Suttorp

  20. Klinische Toxikologie, Giftinformation II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Johann-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland

    L. Sacha Weilemann

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Mann, K. et al. (2003). Erkrankungen endokriner Drüsen. In: Schölmerich, J., et al. Medizinische Therapie in Klinik und Praxis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12451-2_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12451-2_8

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