Skip to main content

Therapie: Bradykardien

  • Chapter
Klinische Kardiologie

Zusammenfassung

Kommt es zu klinischer Symptomatik infolge einer bradykarden Rhythmusstörung, so wird zunächst ein medikamentöser Behandlungsversuch unternommen (Übersicht s. unten). Liegt eine anhaltende Bradykardie vor oder gelingt es nicht, die Herzfrequenz medikamentös ausreichend zu beschleunigen, so muß eine passagere Schrittmacherstimulation des Herzens durchgeführt werden und nach Beherrschung der Akutsituation in den kommenden Stunden bis Tagen über die Implantation eines permanenten elektrischen Herzschrittmachers entschieden werden

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur zu Sektion IV Kap.25

  • Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators (1993) Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 342: 821–828

    Google Scholar 

  • Akselrod S, Gordon D, Ubel FA, Shannon DC, Berger AC, Cohen RJ (1981) Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. Science 21/4504: 220–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Allessie MA, Bonke FIM, Schopman FJG (1973) Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. Circ Res 33: 54–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Allessie MA, Bonke FIM, Schopman FJG (1977) Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. III.,,The leading circle“ concept: A new model of circus movement in cardiac tissue without the involvement of an anatomical obstacle. Circ Res 41: 9–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators (1997) A comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 337; 1576

    Google Scholar 

  • Anumonwo JMB, Jalife J (1995) Cellular and subcellular mechanisms of pacemaker activity initiation and synchronization in the heart. In: Zipes D, Jalife J (eds) Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 151–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Arruda MS, McClelland JH, Wang X et al. (1998) Development and validation of an ECG algorithm for identifying accessory pathway ablation site in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 9: 2–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bazett HC (1920) An analysis of the time-relations of the electrocardiograms. Heart 7: 353–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigger JT Jr, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN (1992) Correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability two weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 69 /9: 891–898

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bigger JT, Fleiss JL, Kleiger R, Miller JP, Rolnitzky LM (1984) Multicenter post-infarction research group. The relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality in the 2 years after myocardial infarction. Circulation 69: 250–258

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borggrefe M, Seipel L, Breithardt G (1984) Klinische and elektrophysiologische Befunde bei Patienten mit Synkopen nach Myokardinfarkt. Z Kardiol 73: 297–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators (1990) The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 323: 1505–1551

    Google Scholar 

  • Breithardt G, Borggrefe M, Karbenn U, Abendroth RR, Yeh HL, Seipel L (1982) Prevalence of late potentials in patients with and without ventricular tachycardia: Correlation with angiographic findings. Am J Cardiol 49: 1932–1937

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breithardt G, Lüderitz B, Schlepper M (1989) Empfehlungen für die Indikation zur permanenten Schrittmacherimplantation der Klinischen Kommission in Zusammenarbeit mit der Arbeitsgruppe „Schrittmacher“ and der Arbeitsgruppe „Rhythmusstörungen” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Herz-and Kreislaufforschung. Z Kardiol 78: 212–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Breithardt G, Seipel L, Haerten K, Abendroth PR, Loogen F (1979) Effektivitätskontrolle der antiarrhythmischen Therapie bei Patienten mit chronisch-rezidivierenden ventrikulären Tachykardien mittels elektrophysiologischer Stimulationsverfahren. Z Kardiol 68: 725–730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugada P, Brugada J (1992) Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation, and sudden death: a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. A multicenter report. J Am Coll Cardiol 20: 1391–1396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugada P, Brugada J, Mont L, Smeets J, Andries EW (1991) A new approach to the differential diagnosis of a regular tachycardia with a wide QRS complex. Circulation 83: 1649–1659

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkart F, Pfisterer M, Kiowksi W, Follath F, Burckhardt D (1990) Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Basel Antiarrhythmic Study of Infarct Survival (BASIS). J Am Coll Cardio116: 1711–1718

    Google Scholar 

  • Capucci A et al (1994) Conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm by a single oral loading dose of propafenone or flecainide. Am J Cardiol 74: 503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators (1989) Preliminary report: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 321: 406–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999; 353: 9–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsten J, Holmstrom H, Hagel P (1994) Oxygen pressure as bio- sensor for rate adaptive cardiac pacing. PACE 17: 1939–1943

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cauchemez B et al (1996) Electrophysiological effects of catheter ablation of inferior vena cava-tricuspid annulus isthmus in common atrial flutter. Circulation 93: 284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ceremuzynski L, Kleczar E, Krzeminska-Pakula M et al. (1992) Effect of amiodarone on mortality after myocardial infarction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Am Coll Cardi-01 20: 1056–1062

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SA, Ching TT, Shih-Huang L, Man-Song C (1998) AV nodal reentrant tachycardia with unusal characteristics: lesions from radio-frequency catheter ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 9: 321–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu-pak Lau (1992) The range of sensors and algorithms used in rate adaptive cardiac pacing. PACE 15: 557–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Connelly DT (1993) Initial experience with a new single chamber, dual sensor rate responsive pacemaker. The Topaz Study Group. PACE 16 (9): 1833–1841

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coplen SE, Antman EM, Berlin JA, Hewitt P, Chalmers TC (1990) Efficacy and safety of quinidine therapy for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion. Circulation 82: 1106–1116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cranefield PF (1977) Action potentials, after-potentials and arrhythmias. Circ Res 41: 415–423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cranefield PF, Wit AL, Hoffman BF (1973) Genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation 47: 190–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cripps TR, Malik M, Farrell TG, Camm AJ (1991) Prognostic value of reduced heart rate variability after myocardial infarction: clinical evaluation of a new analysis method. Br Heart J 65/i: 14–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins RO, Graves JR, Larsen MP et al. (1993) Out-of-hospital transcutaneous pacing by emergency medical technicians in patients with asystolic cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 328: 1377–5382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie - Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung and Arbeitsgruppe Herzschrittmacher: Empfehlungen zur Schrittmachernachsorge (1995) Z Kardiol 84: 420–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhingra RC, Palileo E, Strasberg B et al. (5981) Significance of the HV interval in 517 patients with chronic bifascicular block. Circulation 64: 1265–1271

    Google Scholar 

  • Ditchey RV, Karliner JS (1981) Safety of electrical cardioversion in patients without digitalis toxicity. Ann Int Med 95: 676–679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty CM, Burr RL (1992) Comparison of heart rate variability in survivors and nonsurvivors of sudden cardiac arrest. Am J Cardiol 70 /4: 441–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreifus LS, Haiat R, Watanabe Y et al. (5971) A possible mechanism of sudden death in patients with WPW-syndrome. Circulation 43; 520

    Google Scholar 

  • Faerestrand S, Ohm OJ (1994) Clinical study of a new activity sensor for rate adaptive pacing controlled by electrical signs generated by the kinetic energy of a moving magnetic ball. PACE 17 (11 Pt 2): 1944–1949

    Google Scholar 

  • Faerestrand S, Ohm OJ, Stangeland L, Heynen H, Moore A (1994) Long-term clinical performance of a central venous oxygen saturation sensor for rate adaptive cardiac pacing. PACE 17 (8): 1355–1372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fananapazir L, Epstein ND, Curie] RV, Panza JA, Tripodi D, McAreavey D (1994) Long-term results of dual-chamber (DDD) pacing in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 90: 2731–2742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell TG, Bashir Y, Cripps T, Malik M, Ploniecki J, Bennett ED, Ward DE, Camm AJ (1991) Risk stratification of arrhythmic events in postinfarction patients based on heart rate variability, ambulatory electrocardiographic variables and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram. J Am Coll Cardiol 18 /3: 687–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer MI (1968) The sick sinus syndrome in atrial disease. JAMA 206: 645–646

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiaker GC, Blackshear JL, McBride R, Kronmal RA, Halprin JL, Hart RG on behalf of the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators (1992) Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and cardiac mortality in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 20: 527–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke H (1963) Über das Karotissinus-Syndrom und den sogenann- ten hyperaktiven Karotissinus-Reflex. Schattauer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Frye RL, Colins JJ, DeSanctis RW et al. (1984) Guidelines for permanent pacemaker implantation, May 1984. A report of the Joint American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Cardiovascular Procedures (Subcommittee on Pacemaker Implantation). Circulation 70: 331A-339 A

    Google Scholar 

  • Gann D, Tolentino A, Samet P (1979) Electrophysiologic evaluation of elderly patients with sinus bradycardia. A long-term follow-up study. Ann Intern Med 90: 24–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godtfredsen J (1982) Atrial fibrillation: course and prognosis - a follow-up study of 1212 cases. In: Kulbertus HE, Olsson SB, Schlepper M (eds) Atrial fibrillation. Astra, Mölndal, p 134

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene HL, Graham EL, Werner JA et al. (1983) Toxic and therapeutic effects of amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. JACC 2: 1114–1128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulamhusein S, Ko P, Carruthers SG, Klein GJ (1982) Acceleration of the ventricular response during atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after verapamil. Circulation 65: 348–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gussak I et al. (1999) The Brugada syndrome: clinical, electrophysiologic, and genetic aspects. J Am Coll Cardiol 33: 5–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haberl R, Juge G, Pulter R, Steinbeck G (1988) Comparison of frequency and time domain analysis of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in patients with ventricular tachycardia and coronary artery disease: Methodologic validation and clinical relevance. JACC 12: 150–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haberl R, Steinbeck G (1987) Ableitung ventrikulärer Spätpotentiale von der Körperoberfläche–Pathophysiologie und diagnostische Wertigkeit. Internist 28: 159–563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagemeijer F, Houwe E van (5975) Titrated energy cardioversion of patients on digitalis. Br Heart J 37: 5303–5307

    Google Scholar 

  • Haverkamp W, Hjördt M, Borggrefe M, Breithardt G (1995) Torsade de pointes und QT-Syndrome. Medizinische Klinik 90: 240–245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heger JJ, Prystowsky EN, Jackman WM et al. (1981) Amiodarone–clinical efficacy and electrophysiology during long-term therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 305: 539–545

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann E, Reithmann C, Neuser H, Nimmermann P, Remp T, Steinbeck G (5998) Repetitive monomorphe ventrikuläre Tachykardie (Typ Gallavardin): Klinische und elektrophysiologische Charakteristika von 20 Patienten. Z Kardiol 87: 353–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann E, Steinbeck G (1989) Transkutane Stimulation zur Notfalltherapie. Internist 30: 73–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann E, Steinbeck G (1995) Katheterablation supraventrikulärer Tachykardien. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio Hoffmann E, Steinbeck G ( 1999 ) Interventionelle Elektrophysiologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren A (1968) Obere und untere Herzfrequenz in Abhängigkeit vom Alter. In: Reindell H, Keul J, Doll E (Hrsg) Herzinsuffizienz, Pathophysiologie und Klinik. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 423–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz LN, Josephson ME, Farshidi A, Spielman SR, Michelson EL, Greenspan AM (1978) Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. 2. Role of the electrophysiologic study in selection of antiarrhythmic regimens. Circulation 58: 986–997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackman WM, Beckman KJ, McClelland JH (1992) Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia due to atrioventricular nodal reentry by radiofrequency catheter ablation of slow pathway conduction. N Engl J Med 327: 313–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackman WM, Wang X, Friday KJ, Roman CA, Moulton KP, Beckman KJ, McClelland JH et al. (1991) Catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) by radiofrequency current. N Engl J Med 324: 5605–1651

    Google Scholar 

  • Janse MJ, Capell FJL van, Morsink H, Kleber AG, Wilms-Schopman F, Cardinal R, Naumann d’Alnoncourt C, Durrer D (1980) Flow of injury current and patterns of excitation during early ventricular arrhythmias in acute regional myocardial ischemia in isolated porcine and canine hearts. Evidence for two different arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Circ Res 47: 151–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jelinek MV, Lown B (1974) Exercise stress testing for exposure of cardiac arrhythmias. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 16: 497–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jervell A, Lange-Nielsen F (5957) Congenital deaf-mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the QT- interval, and sudden death. Am Heart J 54: 59–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Josephson ME, Seides SF (eds) (5979) Clinical cardiac electrophysiology - Techniques and interpretation. Lea Febiger, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Katritsis D, Shakespeare CF, Camm AJ (5993) New and combined sensors for adaptive-rate pacing. Clin Cardiol 16/3: 240–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy HL, Whitlock JA, Sprague ME, Kennedy LJ, Buckingham TA, Goldberg RJ (1985) Long-term follow-up of asymptomatic healthy subjects with frequent and complex ventricular ectopy. N Engl J Med 312: 193–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleiger R, Lown B (1966) Cardioversion and digitalis, II. Clinical studies. Circulation 33: 878–887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein GJ, Guiraudon G, Guiraudon C, Yee R (1994) The nodoventricular Mahaim pathway: an endangered concept? Circulation 90: 636–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koster RW, Dunning AJ (1985) Intramuscular lidocaine for prevention of lethal arrhythmias in the prehospitalization phase of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 313: 1105–1550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krahn AD; Klein GJ; Yee R; Takle-Newhouse T; Norris-C (5999) Use of an extended monitoring strategy in patients with problematic syncope. Circulation. 99/3: 406–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulbertus HE, Demoulin JC (5976) Pathological basis of concept of left hemiblock. In: Wellens HJJ, Lie KH, Janse MT (eds) The conduction system of the heart. Stenfert Kroese, Leiden, pp 287–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulbertus HE, Rutten DL, Dubois M, Petit JM (1978) Prognostic significance of left anterior hemiblock with right bundle branch block in mass screening. Am J Cardiol 45: 385

    Google Scholar 

  • La Rovere MT, Bigger JT Jr, Marcus FI, Mortara A, Schwartz PJ (5998) Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. ATRAMI (Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After Myocardial Infarction) Investigators. Lancet 54/351: 478–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee SH et al. (1998) Comparisons of quality of life and cardiac performance after complete atrioventricular junction ablation and atrioventricular junction modification in patients with medically refractory atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 35: 637

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitner E-R von (1982) Wertigkeit elektrokardiographischer Untersuchungsmethoden zur Diagnostik bradykarder Rhythmusstörungen. Med. Habilitationsschrift, Universität Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitner E-R von (1983) Nicht-invasive Verfahren einschließlich Holter-Monitoring. In: Luderitz B (Hrsg) Handbuch der inneren Medizin–Herzrhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 425–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke B, Fischer W, Schulten KH (1996) Richtlinien zur Herzschrittmachertherapie-Indikation, Systemwahl, Nachsorge. Z Kardiol 85: 615–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy S et al. on behalf of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology (5998) Atrial fibrillation - Current knowledge and recommendations for management. European Heart Journal 19: 1294–5320

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombardi F, Sandrone G, Pernpruner S, Sala R, Garimoldi M, Cerutti S, Baselli G et al. (1987) Heart rate variability as an index of sympathovagal interaction after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 60/56: 1239–1245

    Google Scholar 

  • Lown B (1967) Electrical reversion of cardiac arrhythmias. Br Heart J 29: 469–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lown B, Wolf M (1971) Approaches to sudden death from coronary heart disease. Circulation 44: 530–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Lown B, Wyatt NF, Levine HD (5960) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block. Circulation 25: 129–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Luderitz B (1983) Betarezeptorenblocker und Antiarrhythmika im engeren Sinne. In: Luderitz B (Hrsg) Handbuch der Inneren Medizin–Herzrhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 809–896

    Google Scholar 

  • Luderitz B (5993) Therapie der Herzrhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio

    Google Scholar 

  • Luderitz B (1995) Bradykarde Rhythmusstörungen. In: Paumgartner G, Riecker G (Hrsg) Therapie Innerer Krankheiten, 8.Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 25

    Google Scholar 

  • Luderitz B (5998) Therapie der Herzrhythmusstörungen, 5. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelbeg New York Tokio

    Google Scholar 

  • Luderitz B (Hrsg) (1986) Herzschrittmacher - Therapie and Diagnostik kardialer Rhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 336

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann DL, Maisel AS, Atwood EJ, Engler RJ, LeWinter MM (1985) Absence of cardioversion-induced ventricular arrhythmias in patients with therapeutic digoxin levels. JACC 5: 882–890

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manning WJ et al. (1993) Cardioversion from atrial fibrillation without prolonged anticoagulation with use of transoesophageal echocardiography to exclude the presence of atrial thrombi. N Engl J Med 328: 750

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marriott HJL (1976) Differential diagnosis of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia. Geriatrics 25: 91

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason JW, for the Electrophysiologic Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Investigators (1993) A comparison of electrophysiologic testing with Holter monitoring to predict anti-arrhythmic drug efficacy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. N Engl J Med 329: 445–451

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason JW, Winkle RA (1978) Electrode-catheter arrhythmia induction in the selection and assessment of antiarrhythmic drug therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 58: 971–985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McAnulty JH, Rahimtoola SH, Murphy E, De Mots H, Ritzmann LO, Kanarek PE, Kauffman S (1982) Natural history of „high-risk“ bundle-branch block. N Engl J Med 307: 137–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland JH, Wang X, Beckman KH et al. (1994) Radiofrequency catheter ablation of right atriofascicular (Mahaim) accessory pathways guided by accessory pathway activation potentials. Circulation 89: 2655–2666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna W, Deanfield J, Farnqui A, England D, Oakley C, Goodwin J (1981) Prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; role of age and clinical, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic features. Am J Cardiol 47: 532–538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meinertz T, Hofmann T, Kasper W et al. (1984) Significance of ventricular arrhythmias in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 53: 902–907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meinertz T, Kasper W, Matthiesen P (1983) Ätiologie kardialer Rhythmusstörungen. In: Luderitz B (Hrsg) Handbuch der inneren Medizin–Herzrhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 251–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Mines GR (1914) On circulating excitations in heart muscles and their possible relation to tachycardia and fibrillation. Trans R Soc Can [Sec IV]: 43–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirowski M, Reid PR, Watkins L, Weisfeld ML, Mower MM (1981) Clinical treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias with the automatic implantable defibrillator. Am Heart J 102: 265–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell LB, Duff HJ, Manyari DE, Wyse DG (1987) A randomized clinical trial of the noninvasive and invasive approaches to drug therapy of ventricular tachycardia. N Engl J Med 317: 1681–1687

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morady F, Sauve MJ, Malone P, Shen EN, Schwartz B, Bhandari A, Keung E et al. (1983) Long-term efficacy and toxicity of highdose amiodarone therapy for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 52: 975–979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss AJ et al.and the MADIT Investigators (1996) Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 335: 1933–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss AJ, Davis HT, De Camilla J, Bayer LW (1979) Ventricular ectopic beats and their relation to sudden and non sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Circulation 60: 998–1003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Multicenter Postinfarction Research Group (1983) Risk stratification and survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 309: 331–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy D, Murray AM, Robinson BE, Campion EW (1989) Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly. Ann Int Med 111: 199–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naumann d’Alnoncourt C (1983) Pathogenese von Herzrhythmusstörungen. In: Luderitz B (Hrsg) Handbuch der inneren Medizin, Herzrhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 107–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Packer M, Bristow Mit, Cohn IN, Colucci WS, Fowler MB, Gilbert EM; Shusterman NH (1996) The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Engl J Med 334: 1349–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen P, Boysen G, Godtfredsen J,Andersen ED,Andersen B (5989) Placebo-controlled, randomized trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic compliations in chronic atrial fibrillation: the Copenhagen AFASAK Study. Lancet I: 175–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Podrid PJ, Schoeneberger A, Lown B (1980) Congestive heartfailu- re caused by oral disopyramide. N Engl J Med 302: 654–657

    Google Scholar 

  • Roden DM, Lazzara R, Rosen M, Schwartz PJ, Towbin J, Vincent M (1996) Multiple mechanisms in the Long-QT syndrome. Current knowledge, gaps, and future directions. The SADS Foundation Task Force on LQTS. Circulation 94: 1996–2052

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romano C, Gemme C, Pongiglion R (1963) Aritmie cardiache rare dell’età pediatrica. Clin Pediatr 45: 656

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum MB, Elizari MV, Lazzari JO (1968) Los hemibloqueos. Paidos, Buenos Aires

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger W, Steinbeck G, Luderitz B (1980) Die Bedeutung der Vorhofstimulation für die Indikation zur Schrittmachertherapie beim Sinusknotensyndrom. Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med 86: 655–627

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin DA, Sorbera C, Cook J, McAllister A, Burke R, Weiss MB (1992) Reversible late potentials due to ischemia. PACE 15: 2250–2254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruskin JN, McGovern B, Garan H, DiMarco JP, Kelly E (5983) Anti-arrhythmic drugs: a possible cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 309: 1302–1306

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherlag BJ, Lau SH, Helfant RH, Berkowitz WD, Stein E, Damato AN (5969) Catheter technique for recording His bundle activity in man. Circulation 39: 53–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlepper M (1983) Spezielle Syndrome. In: Luderitz B (Hrsg) Handbuch der inneren Medizin–Herzrhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 643–694

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt G, Ulm K, Barthel P, Riemenschneider A, Linzmaier A (5989) 3D-Modell zur Validisierung antiarrhythmischer Effekte. In: Schlepper M (Hrsg) Neue und alte Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei Herzrhythmusstörungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, S 128

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz PJ (5985) Idiopathic long QT syndrome: progress and questions. Am Heart J 111: 399–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz PJ, Moss AJ, Vincent GM, Crampton RS (1993) Diagnostic criteria for the long QT syndrome. An update. Circulation 88: 782–784

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartzman D, Demopulos L, Schrem S, Caracciolo E, Perez J, Chinitz L, Slater W (5992) Autonomic manipulation influences both temporal and frequency analyses of late potentials. PACE 15: 220–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Seipel L (Hrsg) (5978) His-Bündel-Elektrographie und intrakardiale Stimulation. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Seipel L, Pietrek G, Körfer R, Loogen F (1977) Prognose nach Schrittmacherimplantation. Internist 18: 25–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellers TD, Bashore TM, Gallagher JJ (1977) Digitalis in the pre-excitation syndrome. Analysis during atrial fibrillation. Circulation 56: 260–267

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simson MB (5981) Use of signals in the terminal QRS complex to identify patients with ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction. Circulation 64: 235–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Slade AK, Pee S, Jones S, Granle L, Fei L, Camm AJ (1994) New algorithms to increase the initial rate response in a minute volume rate adaptive pacemaker. PACE 17 (11 Pt 2): 1960–1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SPAF I: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators (1992) Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: I. Clinical features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med 116: 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • SPAF II: The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators (1994) Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study. Lancet 343: 687–691

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinbeck G (1983) Invasive Verfahren: In: Luderitz B (Hrsg) Handbuch der Inneren Medizin–Herzrhythmusstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 485–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinbeck G (Hrsg) (1987) Lebensbedrohliche ventrikuläre Herzrhythmusstörungen - Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Therapie. Steinkopff, Darmstadt

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinbeck G, Manz M, Luderitz B (1981) Möglichkeiten und Risiken der programmierten Ventrikelstimulation bei Patienten mit chronisch rezidivierenden Kammertachykardien. Klin Wochenschr 59: 111–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbeck G, Naumann d’Alnoncourt C, Luderitz B (1983) Treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias-pacing. In: Steinbach K et al. (eds) Cardiac Pacing. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, p 779

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinbigler P, Haberl R, Jeleazcov C et al. (1999) Functional changes of ventricular late potentials by provocation with increase of heart rate: evaluation during atrial pacing. Europace 1 (2): 103–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbigler P, Haberl R, Moro der E, Steinbeck G (1998) Spätpotentialanalyse im Langzeit-EKG: Anwendung and Grenzen. Herzschrittmachertherapie-und-Elektrophysiologie. 9 (1): 20–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinbigler P, Hamann J, Jilge G, Haberl R, Steinbeck G (1992) Functional changes of late potentials and heart rate variability during acute myocardial ischemia predicts ventricular arrhythmia: a prospective study. Circulation 86/4 (Suppl) I: 2086 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard MF, Dawkins PR, Prince CR, Ammash NM (1995) Left atrial appendage thrombus is not uncommon in patients with acute atrial fibrillation and a recent embolic event: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 25: 452–459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss HC, Saroff AL, Bigger JT, Giardina EGV (1973) Premature atrial stimulation as a key to the understanding of sinoatrial conduction in man. Circulation 47: 88–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzivoni D, Banai S, Schuger C, Benhorin J, Keren A, Gottlieb S, Stern S (1988) Treatment of torsade de pointes with magnesium sulfate. Circulation 77: 392–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan-Williams EM (1970) Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. In: Sandoe E, Flenstedt-Jensen E, Olsen KH (eds) Symposium on cardiac arrhythmias. Astra, Södertälje, p 449

    Google Scholar 

  • Velebit V, Podrid P, Lown B, Cohen BH, Grab oys TB (1982) Aggravation and provocation of ventricular arrhythmias by antiarrhythmic drugs. Circulation 65: 886–894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent GM, Timothy KW, Leppert M, Keating M (1992) The spectrum of symptoms and QT intervals in carriers of the gene for the Long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 327: 846–852

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward O (1964) A new familiar cardiac syndrome in children. J Ir Med Assoc 54: 103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver WD, Hill D, Fahrenbruch CE, Copass MK, Martin JS, Cobb LA, Hallstrom AP (1988) Use of the automatic external defibrillator in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 319: 661–666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wegscheider K, Andresen D, Leitner E-R von, Schröder R (1982) Neue Methode zur Erfassung der Spontanvariabilität einfacher und komplexer Rhythmusstörungen in Abhängigkeit von der Häufigkeit ihres Auftretens. Z Kardiol 71: 179

    Google Scholar 

  • Weirich J, Antoni H (1990) Differential analysis of the frequency-dependent effects of class I antiarrhythmic drugs according to periodical ligand binding: implications for antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic efficacy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 15: 998–1009

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellens HJJ (1971) Electrical stimulation of the heart in the study and treatment of tachycardias. Univ Park Press, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellens HJJ (1986) The electrocardiogram 8o years after Einthoven. JACC 7: 484–491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellens HJJ, Bär FW, Lie KI (1978) The value of the electrocardiogram in the differential diagnosis of a tachycardia with a widened QRS complex. Am J Med 64: 27–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wit AL, Cranefield PF (1976) Triggered activity in cardiac muscle fibres of the simian mitral valve. Circ Res 38: 85–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf PA, Abott RD, Kannel WB (1987) Atrial fibrillation: a major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 147: 1561–1564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff L, Parkinson J, White PD (1930) Bundle branch block with short P-R interval in healthy young people prone to paroxysmal tachycardia. Am Heart J 5: 685–692

    Google Scholar 

  • Zareba W, Moss AJ, Schwartz PJ, Vincent GM, Robinson JL, Priori SG, Benhorin J; Locati EH, Towbin JA, Keating MT, Lehmann MH, Hall JW (1998) Influence of the genotype on the clinical course of the Long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 339: 960–965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeiler Arnold A, Mick MJ, Mazurek RP, Loop FD, Trohman RG (1992) Role of prophylactic anticoagulation for direct current cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 851–855

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dorwarth, U. et al. (2000). Therapie: Bradykardien. In: Erdmann, E. (eds) Klinische Kardiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12156-6_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12156-6_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-12157-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-12156-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics