Skip to main content

Akuter Myokardinfarkt

  • Chapter

Zusammenfassung

Beim akuten Myokardinfarkt entwickelt sich eine irreversible Nekrose größerer zusammenhängender Myokardanteile, meist infolge eines akuten Koronarverschlusses (s. Abschn. 17.2, 17.3, 17.5). Als Determinanten der Infarktgröße gelten die Zeitdauer des Koronarverschlusses, das Ausmaß der KHK (proximal, distal, Ein- oder Zweigefäßerkrankung etc.), der O2-Verbrauch zum Zeitpunkt des Verschlusses und der Kollateralisierungsgrad.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • ACC/AHA Guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC 1996; 28: 1328 - 1438

    Google Scholar 

  • ACC/AHH Task force report (1990) Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 16: 249 - 292

    Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach S, Moshage W, Ropers D, Nossen J, Daniel WG (1998) Value of electron-beam computed tomography for the noninvasive detection of high grade coronary artery stenoses and occlusions. N Engl J Med 339: 1972 - 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R (1990) Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 827 - 832

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AHA committee report (1975) A reporting system for coronary artery disease. Circulation 51: 5

    Google Scholar 

  • AHA Medical/Scientific Statement: Exercise Standards (1995) Fletcher GF, Balady G, Froelicher VF, Hartley LH, Haskell WL, Pollock ML. Circulation 91: 580 - 615

    Google Scholar 

  • AIRE Investigators (1993) Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 342: 821 - 828

    Google Scholar 

  • Alderman EL, Bourassa MG, Cohen IS et al. (1990) Ten-year follow-up of survival and myocardial infarction in the randomized coronary artery surgery study. Circulation 82: 1629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Heart Association (1992) Medical Scientific Statement, Guidelines for electrocardiography. Circulation 85: 1221 - 1228

    Google Scholar 

  • American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (1991) Guidelines for cardiac catheterization and cardiac catheterization laboratories. Circulation 84: 2213 - 2247

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson HV, Cannon CP, Stone PH et al. (1995) One-year results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B clinical trial: a randomized comparison of tissue plasminogen activator vs. placebo and early invasive vs. early conservative strategies in unstable angina and non-q-wave myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 1643 - 1650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson HV, Talley JD, Black AJR et al. (1990) Usefulness of coronary angioplasty in asymptomatic patients. Am J Cardiol 65: 35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • André-Fouet X, Pillot M, Leizorovicz A, Finet G, Gayet C, Milon H (1989) Non Q-wave, alias nontransmural myocardial infarction: A special entity. Am Heart J 117: 892 - 901

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anistreplase Intervention Mortality Study (AIMS) (1988) Trial Study Group. Effect of intravenous APSAC on mortality after acute myocardial infarction preliminary report of a placebo-controlled clinical trail. Lancet 1: 546 - 549

    Google Scholar 

  • Antiplatelet trialists collaboration (1994). BMJ 308: 81 - 106

    Google Scholar 

  • Antman EM, TIMI 9B Investigators. Hirudin in acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 9B trial. Circulation 94: 911 - 921

    Google Scholar 

  • Antoniucci D, Santoro GM, Bolognese L et al. (1998) A clinical trial comparing primary stenting of the infarct-related artery with optimal primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 31: 1234 - 9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong PW, Baigrie RS, Daly PA et al. (1989) Tissue plasminogen activator: Toronto (TPAT) placebo-controlled randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 13: 1469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asinger RW, Mikell FL, Elsberger J, Hodges M (1981) Incidence of left ventricular thrombosis after acute transmural myocardial infarction. Serial evaluation by two-dimensional echocardiography. N Eng J Med 305: 297 - 302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auchampach JA, Gross GJ (1993) Adenosine Al receptors, KATP channels, and ischemic preconditioning in dogs. Am J Physiol 264: 1327 - 1336

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairati K, Roy L, Meyer F (1992) Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of fish oil supplement in prevention of recurrence of stenosis after coronary angioplasty. Circulation 85: 950 - 956

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartling B, Holtz J, Darmer D (1998) Contribution of myocyte apo- ptosis to myocardial infarction? Bas Res Cardiol 93: 71 - 84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassenge E, Heusch G (1990) Endothelial and neuro-humoral control of coronary blood flow in health and disease. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 116: 77 - 165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgart D, Ehring T, Krajcar M, Heusch G (1993) A proischemic effect of nisoldipine. Relation to a decrease in perfusion pressure and comparison to dipyridamole. Cardiovasc Res 27: 1254 - 1259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauriedel G, Windstetter U, DeMario SJ et al. (1992) Migratory activity of human smooth muscle cells cultivated from coronary and peripheral primary and restenotic lesions removed by per-cutaneous atherectomy. Circulation 85: 554 - 564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behar S, Reicher-Reiss H, Shechter M et al. for the SPRINT Study Group (1992) Frequency and prognostic significance of secondary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 71: 152 - 156

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell MR, Reeder GS, Garratt KN, Berger PB, Bailey KR, Holmes DR (1993) Predictors of major ischemic complications after coronary dissection following angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 71: 1402 - 1407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtson JR, Kaplan AJ, Pieper KS et al. (1992) Prognosis in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction in the interventional era. J Am Coll Cardiol 20: 1482 - 1489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger PB, Ruocco NA, Ryan TJ et al. (1993) Frequency and significance of right ventricular dysfunction during inferior wall left ventricular myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy. Am J Cardiol 71: 1148 - 1152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger PB, Tuttle RH, Holmes DR et al. (1999) One year survival among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, and its relation to early revascularization. Circulation 99: 873

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand ME, Lablanche JM, Leroy F et al. (1992) Percutaneous transluminal coronary rotary ablation with Rotablator (European experience). Am J Cardiol 69: 470 - 474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand ME, Legrand V, Boland J et al. (1998) Randomized Multicenter Comparison of Conventional Anticoagulation Versus Antiplatelet Therapy in Unplanned and Elective Coronary Stenting. The Full Anticoagulation Versus Aspirin and Ticlopidine (FANTASTIC) Study. Circulation 98: 1597 - 1603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand ME, McFadden EP, Fruchart JC et al. (1997) Effect of pravastatin on angiographic restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 30: 863 - 869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilbao FJ, Zabalza IE, Vilanova JR, Froufe J (1987) Atrioventricular block in posterior acute myocardial infarction: a clinicopathologic correlation. Circulation 75: 733 - 736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bittl JA, Ryan TJ Jr, Keaney JF Jr et al. (1993) Coronary artery perforation during excimer laser coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 21: 1158 - 1165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blankenhorn DH, Nessim SA, Johnson RL et al. (1987) Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary vein bypass grafts. JAMA 257: 32 - 33

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleifeld W, Nienhaber CA (1990) Was ist entbehrlich in der Diagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 115: 1201 - 1209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boden WE, ORourke R, Crawford H et a1. (1998) Outcomes in patients with acute non-q-wave myocardial infarction randomly assigned to an invasive as compared with a conservative management strategy. N Engl J Med 338: 1785 - 1792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boer MJ de, Hoorntje JCA, Ottervanger JP, Reiffers S, Suryapranata H, Zijlstra F (1994a) Immediate coronary angioplasty vs. intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: left ventricular ejection fraction, hospital mortality and reinfarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 23: 1004 - 1008

    Google Scholar 

  • Boer MJ de, Suryapranata H, Hoorntje JCA et al. (1994b) Limitation of infarct size and preservation of left ventricular function after primary coronary angioplasty compared with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 90: 753 - 761

    Google Scholar 

  • Böger A, Hort W (1977) Qualitative and quantitative Untersuchungen am Lymphgefäßsystem des Mauseherzens. Basic Res Cardiol 72: 510 - 529

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolli R (1990) Mechanism of myocardial „stunning“. Circulation 82: 723 - 738

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolli R (1992) Myocardial „stunning“ in man. Circulation 86: 1671 - 1691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnett JL, Bory M, DHoudain F et al. (1989) Association of tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: preliminary data. Circulation 80 (Suppl II): 11 - 343

    Google Scholar 

  • Braunwald E, Brown J, Brown L et al. (1994) Diagnosing and managing unstable angina. Circulation 90: 653 - 622

    Google Scholar 

  • Bredlau C, Roubin GS, Leimgruber PP et al. (1985) In-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty. Circulation 72: 5044 - 1052

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown BG et al. (1981) The mechanism of nitroglycerin action: stenosis vasodilation as a major component of the drug response. Circulation 64: 1089

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown G, Albers JJ, Fisher LD et al. (1990) Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med 323: 1289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchbinder M, Leon M, Warth D et al. (1992) Multi-center registry of percutaneous coronary rotational ablation using the Rotablator. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 333A

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchwald H, Varco RL, Matts JP et al. (1990) Effect of partial ilium bypass surgery on mortality and morbiditiy from coronary heart disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia: Report on the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) N Engl J Med 323: 946 - 955

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byington RP, Jukema W, Salonen WT et al. (1995) Reduction in cardiovascular events during pravastatin therapy: pooled analysis of clinical events of the pravastatin atherosclerosis intervention program. Circulation 92: 2419 - 2425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators (1996) Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease. N Engl J Med 335: 217 - 225

    Google Scholar 

  • CABRI Trial Participants (1995) First-year results of CABRI (Coronary Angiopalsty vs. Bypass Revascularisation Investigation). Lancet 346: 1179 - 1184

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns JA, Conolly SJ, Roberts R, Gent M (1997) Randomized trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations. Lancet 349: 675 - 682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J et al. (1985) Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone or both in unstable angina. N Engl J Med 313: 1369 - 1375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Califf RM et al. (1988) Failure of simple clinical measurement to predict perfusion status after intravenous thrombolysis. Ann Int Med 108: 658

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Califf RM, Topol EJ, Stack RS et al. (1991) Evaluation of combination thrombolytic therapy and timing of cardiac catheterization in acute myocardial infarction: the TAM1-5 randomized trial. Circulation 83: 1543 - 1556

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campeau L (1976) Grading of angina pectoris. Circulation 54: 522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campeau L, Enjalbert M, Lesperance J et al. (1984) The relation of risk factors to the development of atherosclerosis in saphenousvein bypass grafts and the progression of disease in the native circulation. A study to years after aortocoronary bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 311: 1329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campeau L, Enjalbert M, Lesperance J et al. (1993) Atherosclerotic and late closure of aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts: sequential angiographic studies at 2 weeks, lyear, 5 to 7 years, and 10 to 12 years after surgery. Circulation 68 (Suppl II): 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Henry TD for the TIMI-5 Investigators (1993) Hirudin reduces reocclusion compared to heparin following thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI-5 Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2 (Suppl A): A-136

    Google Scholar 

  • CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel vs. aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348: 1329 - 1339

    Google Scholar 

  • CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) Double blind trial of aspirin in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with stable chronic angina pectoris. Lancet 340: 1421 - 1425

    Google Scholar 

  • Capture Investigators. Randomised Plazebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory instable angina: the CAPTURE study. Lancet 349: 1429 - 1435

    Google Scholar 

  • CASS Principal Investigators and their Associates (1984) Myocardial infarction and mortality in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) randomized trial. N Engl J Med 310: 750

    Google Scholar 

  • CASS Principal Investigators and their Associates: Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) (1983) A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival data. Circulation 68: 939

    Google Scholar 

  • CAST, The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators (1989) Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 321: 406 - 412

    Google Scholar 

  • Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Formanek A, Tadavarthy M et al. (1980) The mechanisms of balloon angioplasty. Radiology 135: 565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaitman BP, Fisher LD, Bourassa MG (1981) Effect of coronary bypass surgery on survival patterns in subsets of patients with left main coronary artery disease. Report of the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS). Am J Cardiol 48: 765

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chesebro JH, Fuster V (1986) Antithrombotic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: mechanisms and prevention of deep venous, left ventricular, and coronary artery thromboembolism. Circulation 74 (Suppl): 1111 - 11110

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu RCJ, Zibaitis A, Kao RL (1995) Cellular cardiomyoplasty: myocardial regeneration with a satellite cell implantation. Ann Thor Surg 60: 12 - 22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chouka EV, Brundage BH (1993) Cardiovascular ultrafast comput- ed tomographic angiography. Am J Cardiac Imag 7: 252 - 264

    Google Scholar 

  • Christian TF, Gibbons RJ, Hopfenspirger BJ, Gersh BJ (1993) Severity and response of chest pain during thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: A useful indicator of myocardial salvage and infarct size. J Am Coll Cardiol 22: 1311 - 1316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clemmensen P, Ohman M, Sevilla DC et al. (1990) Changes in standard electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation predictive of successful reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 66: 1407 - 1411

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Click RL, Holmes DR, Vliestra RE, Kosinski A, Kronmal RA (1989) Anomalous coronary arteries: Location, degree of atherosclerosis and effect on survival - a report of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 13: 531 - 537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockcroft JR, Chowienczyk PJ, Benjamin N, Ritter JM (1994) Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 330: 1036 - 1040

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohem M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP et al. (1998) Low-molecularweight heparins in non-ST-Segment elevation ischemia: the ESSENCE trial. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin vs. intravenous unfractionated heparin, in non-Q-wave Coronary Events. Am J Cardiol 82: 19 - 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen MV, Downey JM, Sonnenblick EH, Kirk ES (1973) The effects of nitroglycerin on coronary collaterals and myocardial contractility. J Clin Invest 52: 2836

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn JN, Guiha NH, Broder MI, Limas CJ (1974) Right ventricular infarction: clinical and hemodynamic features. Am J Cardiol 33: 209 - 214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn PF (1988) Silent myocardial ischemia. Ann Intern Med 109: 312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coll S, Betriu A, De Flores T et al. (1988) Significance of Q-wave regression after transmural acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 61: 739 - 742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Committee of Principal Investigators (1978) A cooperative trial in the prevention of ischemic heart disease using clofibrate. Birt Heart J 40: 1069 - 1118

    Google Scholar 

  • Conley MJ, Ely RL, Kisslo J et al. (1978) The prognostic spectrum of left main stenosis. Circulation 57: 947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook SL, Eigler NL, Shefer A et al. (1991) Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty of lesions not ideal for balloon angioplasty. Circulation 84: 632 - 643

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crouse JR, Byinton RP, Bond MG et al. (1995) Pravastatin, lipids and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-11). Am J Cardiol 75: 455 - 459

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darius H, Binz C, Veit K, Fisch A, Meyer J (1995) Platelet receptor desensitization induced by elevated prostacyclin levels causes platelet-endothelial cell adhesion. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 800 - 806

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darius H, Erbel R, Belz GG, Meyer J (1992) Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer, Antikoagulanzien and Thrombolytika bei kardialen Erkrankungen. Internist 33: 670 - 683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson DM, DeBusk RF (1980) Prognostic value of a single exercise test three weeks after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Circulation 61: 236 - 242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies MJ, Richardson PD, Woolf N, Katz DR, Mann J (1993) Risk of thrombosis in human atherosclerotic plaques: role of extra-cellular lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content. Br Heart J 69: 377 - 381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies MJ, Thomas A (1984) N Engl J Med 310: 1137 - 1140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies MJ, Thomas AC (1985) Plaque fissuring — the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic death, and crescendo angina. BY Heart J 53: 363 - 373

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deanfield J, Wright C, Kirkler S et al. (1984) Cigarette smoking and the treatment of angina with propanolol, atenolol, and nifedipine. N Engl J Med 310: 951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deindl E, Neubauer E, Ito W, Zimmermann R, Schaper W (1998) VEGF besitzt in der Arteriogenese im Gegensatz zur Angiogenese keine bedeutende Funktion. Z Kardiol 87 (Suppl 1): 247

    Google Scholar 

  • Dellborg M, Topol EJ, Swedberg K (1991) Dynamic QRS complex and ST segment vector-cardiographic monitoring can identify vessel patency in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with reperfusion therapy. Am Heart J 122: 943 - 948

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delmarre BJ,Visser CA,Bot H, DunningAJ (199o) Prediction of apical thrombus formation in acute myocardial infarction based on left ventricular spatial flow pattern. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 355 - 360

    Google Scholar 

  • Demer LL, Ariani M, Siegel RJ (1991) High intensity ultrasound increases distensibility of calcific atherosclerotic arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1: 1259 - 1262

    Google Scholar 

  • Detre K, Peduzzi P, Murphy M et al. (1981) Effect of bypass surgery on survival in patients with low-and high-risk groups delineated by the use of simple clinical variables. Circulation 63: 1329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Detre KM, Holmes DR, Holubkov R et al. (1990) Incidence and consequences of periprocedural occlusion: The 1985-1986 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry. Circulation 82: 739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie - Herz-und Kreislaufforschung (1997) Richtlinien der interventionellen Koronartherapie. Z Kardiol 86: 1040 - 1063

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz U, Erbel R, Rupprecht HJ, Weidmann S, Meyer J (1993) High frequency rotational ablation: an alternative in treating coronary artery stenoses and occlusions. Br Heart J 70: 327 - 336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dilsizian V, Bonow RO (1993) Current diagnostic techniques of assessing myocardial viability in patients with hibernating and stunned myocardium. Circulation 87: 1 - 19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiSciascio G, Vetrovec GW, Cowley MJ, Wolfgang TC (1986) Early and late outcome of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for subacute and chronic total coronary occlusion. Am Heart J 111: 833

    Google Scholar 

  • Dole WP (1987) Autoregulation of the coronary circulation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 29: 293 - 323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domenicucci S, Bellotti P, Chiarella F, Lupi G, Vecchio C (1987) Spontaneous morphologic changes in left ventricular thrombi: a prospective two-dimensional echocardiographic study. Circulation 75: 737 - 743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorros G, Cowley MJ, Simpson J et al. (1983) Percutaneous trans-luminal coronary angioplasty: report of complications for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry. Circulation 67: 723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dotter CT (1969) Transluminally-placed coilspring endarterial tube grafts. Long-term patency in canine popliteal artery. Invest Radiol 4: 329 - 332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dotter CT, Buschmann RW, McKinney MK, Rosch J (1983) Trans-luminal expandable nitinol coil stent grafting: preliminary report. Radiology 147: 259 - 260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dotter CT, Judkins MP (1964) Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction: description of a new technique and a preliminary report of its application. Circulation 30: 654 - 670

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas JS (1990) Angioplasty of saphenous vein and internal mammary artery bypass grafts. In: Topol EJ (ed) Textbook of interventional cardiology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 327 - 343

    Google Scholar 

  • Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S et al. (1998) Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 279: 1615 - 22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois C, Pierard LA, Smeets JP, Carlier J, Kulbertus HE (1989) Long-term prognostic significance of trioventricular block in inferior acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 10: 816 - 820

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastham RD, Morgan EH (1963) Plasma-fibrinogen levels in coronary-artery disease. Lancet 2: 1196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebers Papyrus (1990) Preface. In: Bleifeld W, Hamm CW, Braunwald E (eds) Unstable angina. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Egashira K, Inou T, Hirooka Y, Yamada A, Urabe Y, Takeshito A (1993) Evidence of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with angina pectoris and normal angiograms. N Engl J Med 328: 1659 - 1664

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis SG, da Silva ER, Heyndricks GR et al. (1994) Randomized cornparison of rescue angioplasty with conservative management of patients with early failure of thrombolytis for acute anterior myocardial infarction. Circulation 90: 2280 - 2284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis SG, Roubin GS, King SB et al. (1988) Angiographic and clinical predictors of acute closure after native vessel coronary angioplasty. Circulation 77: 372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EMERAS, Estudio multicentrico Estreptoquinasa Republicas de America del Sur (1993). Lancet 342: 767 - 772

    Google Scholar 

  • EPIC Investigators (1994). Use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor in high-risk coronary angioplasty. EPIC investigation. N Engl J Med 330: 956 - 61

    Google Scholar 

  • Epilog Investigators (1997). Effect of the platelet glycoprotein llb/ 111a receptor inhibitor abciximab with lower heparin dosages in ischemic complications of percutaneous coronary revascularization. N Engl J Med 336: 1689 - 1696

    Google Scholar 

  • EPISTENT Investigators (1998). Randomized placebo-controlled and balloon-angioplasty-controlled trial to assess safety of coronary stenting with use of platelet glycoprotein-11b/111a blockade. Lancet 352: 87 - 92

    Google Scholar 

  • Erbel R, Haude M, Höpp HW (1998) Coronary artery stenting compared with balloon angioplasty for restenosis after initial balloon angioplasty. N Engl J Med 339: 1672 - 8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbel R, Neill W, Auth D et al. (1989) Hochfrequenz-Rotationsatherektomie bei koronarer Herzkrankheit. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 114: 487 - 495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbel R, Pop T, Diefenbach C, Meyer J (1989) Long-term results of thrombolytic therapy with and without percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 14: 276 - 285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbel R, Pop T, Diefenbach C, Meyer J (1989) Long-term results of thrombolytic therapy with and without percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 14: 276 - 285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbel R, Pop T, Henrichs KJ et al. (1986) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty after thrombolytic therapy: a prospective controlled randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 8: 485 - 495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbel R, Rupprecht HJ, Busch U et al. (1987) Continuous coronary perfusion and prolonged balloon inflation during stenosis dilatation. Z Kardiol 76 (Suppl 6): 49 - 52

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst A, Schenk EA, Gracewski SM (1991) Ability of high-intensity ultrasound to ablate human atherosclerotic plaque and minimize debris size. Am J Cardiol 68: 242 - 246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espinola-Klein C, Rupprecht H-J, Erbel R et al. (1998) Impact of restenosis lo years after coronary angioplasty. Eur Heart J 19: 1047 - 1053

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • European Coronary Surgery Study Group (1982) Long-term results of prospective randomized study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris. Lancet 2: 1173

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk E (1992) Why do plaques rupture? Circulation 86 (Suppl III): 30 - 42

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigl D, Ashkenazy J, Kishon Y (1984) Early and late atrioventricular block in acute inferior myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 4: 35 - 38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feyter PJ de, Serruys PW (1992) Coronary angioplasty for unstable angina. Herz 17: 40 - 49

    Google Scholar 

  • Fioretti P, Brower RW, Simoons ML et al. (1986) Relative value of clinical variables, bicycle ergometry, rest radionuclide ventriculography and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring at discharge to predict syear survival after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 8: 40 - 49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • First International Study of Infarct Survival Colloborative Group (5986) Randomized trial of intravenous atenolol among 16027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-I. Lancet 2: 57 - 65

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischell TA, Abbas MA, Grant GW et al. (1991) Ultrasonic energy: effects on vascular function and integrity. Circulation 84: 1783 - 1795

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischman DL, Leon MB, Bairn DS et al. (1994) A randomized cornparison of coronary stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 331: 496 - 501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher AP, Alkjaersig N, Smyriotis FE, Sherry S (1958) The treatment of patients suffering from early myocardial infarction with massive and prolonged streptokinase therapy. Trans Assoc Am Phys 71: 287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forrester JS, Diamond G, Chatterjee K, Swan HJC (1976) Medical therapy of acute myocardial infarction by application of hemodynamic subsets. N Engl J Med 295: 1356 - 1362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fragmin During Instability in Coronary Artery Disease (FRISC) Study Group (5996). Low-molecular weight heparin during instability in coronary artery disease. Lancet 347: 561 - 568

    Google Scholar 

  • Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K et al. (5987) Helsinke heart study: Primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia; Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 357: 1237 - 1245

    Google Scholar 

  • FTT (Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists) Collaborative Group (1994) Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of mortality and major morbidity results from randomized trials of more than r000 patients. Lancet 343: 351 - 322

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulton WFM (1965) The coronary arteries. Thomas Springfield Ill Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature (London) 288: 373 - 376

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH (1992) The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 326: 310 - 318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gage JE, Hess OM, Murakami T, Ritter M, Grimm J, Krayenbuehl HP (1986) Vasoconstriction of stenotic coronary arteries during dynamic exercise in patients with classic angina pectoris: reversibility by nitroglycerin. Circulation 73: 865 - 876

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galan KM, Deligonul U, Kern MJ, et al. (1988) Increased frequency of restenosis in patients continuing to smoke cigarettes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 61: 260 - 263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao WD, Atar D, Liu Y, Perez NG, Murphy AM, Marban E (1997) Role of Troponin I proteolysis in the pathogenesis of stunned myocardium. Circ Res 80: 393 - 399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerhardt W, Ljungdahl L, Herbert AK (1993) Troponin T and CK-MB (mass) in early diagnosis of ischemic myocardial injury. Clin Biochem 26: 231 - 240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geschwind HJ, Aptecar E, Boussignac G et al. (1991) Results and follow-up after percutaneous pulsed laser-assisted balloon angioplasty guided by spectroscopy. Circulation 83: 787 - 796

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons RJ, Holmes DR, Reeder GS, Bailey KR, Hopfenspirger MR, Gersh BJ (1993) Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 328: 685 - 691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GISSI, Gruppo italiano per lo studio della streptochinasi nellinfarto miocardio (1986) Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 397 - 402

    Google Scholar 

  • GISSI, Gruppo italiano per lo studio dello streptochinasi nellinfarto miocardio (1987) Long-term effects of intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: final report of the GISSI study. Lancet 11: 871

    Google Scholar 

  • GISSI-2, Gruppo italiano per lo studio della sopravvivenza nellinfarto miocardio (1990) A factorial randomized trial of alteplase vs. streptokinase and heparin vs. no heparin among 14490 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 336: 65 - 71

    Google Scholar 

  • Gitlin JB, Sutton JM, Casale PN et al. (1993) Transluminal extraction atherectomy: can major complications and procedural failure be anticipated? Eur Heart J 14: 591

    Google Scholar 

  • Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, Stankunavicius R, Koletts GJ (1987) Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic. coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 316: 1371 - 1375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) IIb Investigators (1996) A comparison of recombinant hirudin and heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.N EnglJ Med 335: 775 - 822

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonschior P, Höfling B, Mack B et al. (1993) Results of directional peripheral atherectomy with reference to histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure. Angiology 44: 454 - 463

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gore JM et al. (1987) Peak creatine kinase as a measure of effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 59: 1234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gore JM, Goldberg RJ, Matsumoto AS et al. (1984) Validity of serum total cholesterol level obtained within 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 54: 722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Görge G, Erbel R, Haude M et al. (1994) Continuous coronary perfusion balloon catheters in coronary dissections after per-cutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Eur Heart J 15: 908 - 914

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb SO, Weisfeld ML, Ouyang P et al. (1986) Effect of the addition of propranolol therapy with nifedipine for unstable angina pectoris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Circulation 73: 331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb SO, Weisfeld ML, Ouyang P, Mellits ED, Gerstenblith G (1986) Silent ischemia as a marker for early unfavourable outcomes in patients with unstable angina. N Engl J Med 314: 1214 - 1219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gotto AM (1984) Practical approaches to phenotyping hyperlipoproteinemia. In: Kligfield PD (ed) Cardiology reference book. Co-Medica, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould KL, Lipscomb K, Hamilton GW (1974) Physiologic basis for assessing critical coronary stenosis. Instantaneous flow response and regional distribution during coronary hyperemia as measures of coronary flow reserve. Am J Cardiol 33: 87 - 94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham I, Mulcahy R, Hickey N et al. (1983) Natural history of coronary heart disease. A study of 586 men surviving an initial acute attack. Am Heart J 105: 249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granger CB, Califf RM, Topol EJ (1992) Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. A review. For Adis. Drugs 44: 293 - 325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granger CB, Kalbfleisch J, Califf R et al. (1991) The Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) pilot study: Combined streptokinase and t-PA. Circulation 84 (Suppl II): II - 573

    Google Scholar 

  • GREAT Group (1992) Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of domiciliary thrombolysis by general practitioners: Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial. Br Med J 305: 548 - 553

    Google Scholar 

  • Grines CL, Browne KF, Marco Jet al. (1993) A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 328: 673 - 679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grines CL, Nissen SE, Booth CD and the Kentucky Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (KAMIT) Group (1991) A prospective, randomized trial comparing combination half-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator and streptokinase with full-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator. Circulation 84: 540 - 549

    Google Scholar 

  • Grines CL, Nissen SE, Booth CD, Branco MC, Gurley JC, Bennett KA, DeMaria AN (1989) A new thrombolytic regimen for acute myocardial infarction using combination half dose tissue-type plasminogen activator with full dose streptokinase: a pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol 14: 573 - 580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grondin CM, Campeau L, Thornton JC et al. (1989) Coronary artery bypass grafting with saphenous vein. Circulation 79 (Suppl I): 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman W, Baim DS (1991) Cardiac catheterization, angiography, and intervention. Lea Febiger, Philadelphia, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Grüntzig A, Kuhlmann U, Vetter W et al. (1978) Treatment of renovascular hypertension with percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a renal-artery stenosis. Lancet 1: 801

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grüntzig A, Kumpe DA (1979) Technique of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with the Grüntzig balloon catheter. Am J Radiol 132: 547

    Google Scholar 

  • Grüntzig AR, Senning A, Siegenthaler WE (1979) Non-operative dilatation of coronary artery stenosis - percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 301: 61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guidelines for coronary angiography (1987) A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 10: 935 - 950

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidelines for exercise testing (1986) A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on assessment of cardiovascular procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 8: 725 - 738

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Leatham EW, Carrington D et al. (1997))Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, cardiovascular events, and azithromycin in male survivors of myocardial infarction. Circulation 96: 404 - 407

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurfinkel E, Bozovich G, Daroca A, et al. (1997) Randomised trial of roxithromycin in non Q-wave coronary syndromes: ROXIS pilot study. Lancet: 350: 404 - 7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GUSTO Investigators (1993) An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 329: 673 - 682

    Google Scholar 

  • GUSTO Investigators (1993) The effects of tissue plasminogen activtor, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl Med 329: 1615 - 1622

    Google Scholar 

  • Guth BD, Schulz R, Heusch G (1993) Time course and mechanisms of contractile dysfunction during acute myocardial ischemia. Circulation 87 (Suppl IV): 35 - 42

    Google Scholar 

  • Hafner G, Thome-Kromer B, Schaube J et al. (1994) Cardiac troponin in chronic renal failure. Clin Chem 40: 1790 - 1791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haft JI, Al-Zarka AM (1993) Comparison of the natural history of irregular and smooth coronary lesions: insights into the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of coronary atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 126: 551 - 561

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallstom AP, Cobb LA, Ray R (1986) Smoking as a risk factor for recurrence of sudden cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 314: 271

    Google Scholar 

  • Hambrecht R, Niebauer J, Marburger C et al. (1993) Various intensities of leisure time physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol 22: 468 - 477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamburger JN, Geert M, Gijsbers M et al. (1997) Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions Using a Laser Guide Wire: A Pilot Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 30: 649 - 56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamby RI, Weissman RH, Prakash MN, Hoffmann I (1983) Left bundle branch block: A predictor of poor left ventricular function in coronary artery disease? Am Heart J 106: 471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm CW, Ravkilde J, Gerhardt W et al. (1992) The prognostic value of serum troponin T in unstable angina. N Engl J Med 327: 146 - 150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm CW, Reimers J, Ischinger T, Rupprecht HJ, Berger J, Bleifeld W for the German Angioplasty Bypass Surgery Investigation (1994) A randomized study of coronary angioplasty compared with bypass surgery in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary disease. N Engl J Med 331: 1037 - 1043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm LF, Crow RS, Stull GA, Hannan P (1989) Safety and characteristics of exercise testing early after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 63: 1193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanssen L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al. (1998) Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomized trial. Lancet 351: 1755 - 1762

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartzler GO, Rutherford BD, McConahay DR et al. (1983) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with and without thrombolytic therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 106: 965 - 973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haude M, Erbel R, Issa H et al. (1993) Subacute thrombotic complications after intracoronary implantation of Palmaz-Schatz stents. Am Heart J 126: 15 - 22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haude M, Erbel R, Issa H, Meyer J (1993) Quantitative analysis of elastic recoil after balloon angioplasty and after intracoronary implantation of balloon-expandable Palmaz-Schatz stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 21: 26 - 34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haudenschild C (1989) Pathogenesis of restenosis. Z Kardiol 78 (Suppl 3): 28 - 34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haudenschild C (1993) Pathobiology of restenosis after angioplasty. Am J Med 94: Suppl 4, 404 - 445

    Google Scholar 

  • Häußel CP,Voigtländer T, Kauczor HU, Braun M, Meyer J, Thelen M (1997) Spiral CT zum Nachweis von Koronararterienverkalkungen and Vorhersage einer koronaren Herzerkrankung - Vergleich zur Durchleuchtung and Koronarangiographie. Fortschr Röntgenstr 167: 16 - 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Heberden W (1786) Some account of a disorder of the brest. Med Trans R Coll Physicians 11: 59

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidbüchl H, Tack J, Vanneste L, Ballet A, Ector H, Werf F van de (1994) Significance of arrhythmias during the first 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction treated with alteplase and effect of early administration of a ß-blocker or a bradycardiac agent of their incidence. Circulation 89: 1051 - 1059

    Google Scholar 

  • Heijer P den, Dijk RB van, Pentinga ML et al. (1992) Laser thrombolysis: first clinical results. Eur Heart J 13 (Suppl): 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Held PH, Yusuf S, Furberg CD (1989) Calcium channel blockers in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina: an overview. Br Med J 2: 1187

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmcke F, Edward F, Mahan III et al. (1990) Two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler color flow mapping in the diagnosis and prognosis of ventricular septal rupture. Circulation 81: 1775 - 1783

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson WG, Goldman S, Copeland JG et al. (1989) Antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy after coronary artery bypass surgery. A metaanalysis of clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 111: 743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heusch G (1990) 3-adrenergic mechanisms in myocardial ischemia. Circulation 81: 1-13

    Google Scholar 

  • Heusch G (1991) The relationship between regional blood flow and contractile function in normal, ischemic, and reperfused myocardium. Basic Res Cardiol 86: 197 - 218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heusch G (1998) Hibernating mycoardium. Physiol Rev 78: 1055 - 1085

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill JA, Miranda AA, Keim SG, Decker MH, Gonzales JI, Lambert CR (1990) Value of right-sided cardiac catheterization in patients undergoing left-sided catheterization for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 65: 590 - 593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hindman N, Grande P, Havvel FE et al. (1986) Relation between electrocardiographic and enzymatic methods of estimating acute myocardial infarct size. Am J Cardiol 58: 31 - 35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinohara T, Selmon MR, Robertson GC et al. (1990) Directional atherectomy: new approaches for treatment of obstructive coronary and peripheral vascular disease. Circulation 81 (Suppl IV): 79 - 91

    Google Scholar 

  • HINT Research Group (1986) Early treatment of unstable angina in the coronary care unit: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled comparison of recurrent ischemia in patients with nifedipine or metoprolol or both. Br Heart J 56: 400

    Google Scholar 

  • Hjalmarson A, Olsson G (1991) Myocardial infarction; effects of β-blockade. Circulation 84 (Suppl VI): 101 - 107

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoff HF, Beck GJ, Skibinski CI et al. (1988) Serum LP(A) level as a predictor of vein graft stenosis after coronary artery bypass surgery in patients. Circulation 77: 1238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann JJ, Fears R, Bonnier JJ, Standring R, Ferres H, DeSwart R (1988) Significance of antibodies to streptokinase in coronary thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase or APSAC. Fibrinolysis 2: 203 - 210

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohnloser SH et al. (1992) Myoglobin-Bestimmung zur nichtinvaliven Vorhersage des Reperfusionserfolges nach Thrombolyse. Z Kardiol 81: 17

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes DR Jr, Bates ER, Viluman NS et al. (1995) Contemporary reperfusion therapy for cardiogenic shock: the GUSTO-I trial experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 668

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes DR Jr, Vlietstra RE, Smith HC et al. (1984) Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA): a report from the PTCA Registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Am J Cardiol 53: 77 - 81

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes DR, Holubkov R, Vliestra RE et al. (1988) Comparison of complications during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty from 1877 to 1981 and from 1985 to 1986: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 12: 1149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hör G (1988) Myocardial scintigraphy - 25 years after start. Eur J Nucl Med 13: 619 - 636

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hör G, Standke R, Klepzig H Jr et al. (1986) Äquilibrium-Radionuklid-Ventrikulographie: Vergleich mit Echokardiographie and digitaler Subtraktionsangiographie; Multi-Parameterbewertung. Nuklearmediziner 9: 211 - 234

    Google Scholar 

  • Hort W (1990) Morphological aspects. In: Jacob R, Seipel L, Zucker HJ (eds) Cardiac dilatation. Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 3 - 17

    Google Scholar 

  • Hort W (1994) Pathologische Anatomie der Herzinsuffizienz. In: Griebenow R et al. (Hrsg) Autonomes Nervensystem and Herz. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Hort W, Lichti H, Kalbfleisch H, Köhler F, Frenzel H, MilznerSchwarz U (1982) The size of human coronary arteries depending on the physiological and pathological growth of the heart in age, the size of supplying areas and the degree of coronary sclerosis. A postmortem study. Virchows Arch 397: 37 - 59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hueb WA, Bellotti G, de Oliveira SA et al. (1995) The medicine, angioplasty, or surgery Study MASS: A prospective randomized trial of medical therapy, balloon angioplasty or bypass surgery for single proximal left anterior descending artery stenoses. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 1600 - 1605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ignarro LJ, Lippton H, Edwards JC et al. (1981) Mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S-nitrosothiols as active intermediates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 218: 739 - 749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1988) Randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin,both, or neither among 17187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction; ISIS-2. Lancet 11: 348 - 360

    Google Scholar 

  • ISIS-3 (Third International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group: ISIS-3 (1992) A randomized comparison of streptokinase vs. tissue plasminogen activator vs. anistreplase and of aspirin plus heparin vs. aspirin alone among 41299 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 339: 753 - 770

    Google Scholar 

  • ISIS-4 (1995) A randomized factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulfate in 58.050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 345: 669 - 685

    Google Scholar 

  • Isner JM, Pickering JG, Mosseri M (1992a) Laser-induced dissections: pathogenesis and implications for therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 1619 - 1621

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isner JM, Rosenfield K, White CJ et al. (1992b) In vivo assessment of vascular pathology resulting from laser irradiation: analysis of 23 patients studied by directional atherectomy immediately after laser angioplasty. Circulation 85: 2185 - 2196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanhoe RJ, Weintraub WS, Douglas JS Jr et al. (1992) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions: primary success, restenosis, and long-term clinical follow-up. Circulation 85: 106 - 115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izumi S, Miyatake K, Beppu S et al. (1987) Mechanism of mitral regurgitation in patients with myocardial infarction: a study using real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging and echocardiography. Circulation 76: 777 - 785

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings RB, Murry CE, Reimer KA (1991) Preconditioning myo- cardium with ischemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 5: 933 - 938

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson LL, Sedlin DW (1989) The role of antimyosin antibodies in acute myocardial infarction. Semin Nucl Med 19: 238 - 246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juchems R, Frese W (1992) Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung durch Laien. Internist 33: 326 - 331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Judkins MP (1967) Selective coronary arteriography. I. A percutaneous transfemoral technique. Radiology 89: 815

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jugdutt BI, Warnica JW (1988) Intravenous nitroglycerin therapy to limit myocardial infarct size, expansion and complications: effect of timing, dosage and infarct location. Circulation 78: 906 - 919

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jukema JW, Bruschke AVG, Van Boven AJ et al. (1995) Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. Circulation 91: 2528 - 2540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jungbluth A, Düber C, Rumpelt HJ et al. (1988) Koronararterienmorphologie nach perkutaner transluminaler Koronarangioplastie (PTCA) mit Hämoperikard. Z Kardiol 77: 125 - 129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juul-Möller S et al. (1992) Double-blind trial of aspirin in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with stable chronic angina pectoris. Lancet 340: 1421 - 1425

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juul-Möller S, Edvardsson N, Jahnmatz B, Rosen A, Sorensen S, Omblus R for the Swedish Angina Pectoris Aspirin Trial (SAPAT) (1992) Doulbe-blind trial of aspirin in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with stable chronic angina pectoris. Lancet 340: 1421 - 1425

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagen L, Scheidt S, Butt A (1977) Serum myoglobin in myocardial infarction: the „staccato phenomenon. Is acute myocardial infarction in man an intermittent event? Am J Med 62: 86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalbfleisch H, Hort W (1976) Die Verteilungsmuster (Versorgungstypen) des menschlichen Herzens. Postmortale Untersuchungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 107: 1092 - 1097

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T (1979) Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic disease. New perspectives based on the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 90: 85 - 91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannel WB, Feinlieb M (1972) Natural history of angina pectoris in the Framingham Study: Progress and survival. Am J Cardiol 29: 154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman DW, Helmich SP, Shapiro S (1985) The risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of age. N Engl J Med 313: 1511

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai C (1994) Pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction. Novel regulatory systems of bioactive substances in the vessel wall. Circulation 90: 1033 - 1043

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellermann JJ, Braunwald E (199o) Silent myocardial ischemia: A critical appraisal. Karger, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaja F, Walton JA, Bryme JF et al. (1983) Intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction, report of a prospective randomized trial. N Engl J Med 308: 1305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King SB III, Lembo NJ, Weintraub WS et al. for the Emory Angioplasty vs. Surgery Trial (EAST) (1994) A randomized trial comparing coronary angioplasty with coronary bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 331: 1044 - 1050

    Google Scholar 

  • King SB III, Williams DO, Chougule P et al. (1998) Endvovascular 3-Radiation to Reduce Restenosis after Coronary Balloon Angioplasty. Results of the Beta Energy Restenosis Trial (BERT). Circulation 97: 2025 - 2030

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kircher BJ et al. (1987) Prediction of infarct coronary artery recanalization after intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Am J Cardiol 59: 513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirklin JW, Naftel DC, Blackstone EH, Pohost GM (1989) Summary of a consensus concerning death and ischemic events after coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation 79 (Suppl I): 81

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein MS, Coleman RE, Weldon CS et al. (1976) Concordance of electrocardiographic and scintigraphic criteria of myocardial injury after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 71: 934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein RC, Vera Z, Mason DT (1984) Intraventricular conduction defects in acute myocardial infarction: incidence, prognosis, and therapy. Am Heart J 108: 1007 - 1013

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klues HG, Grafen, Hoffmann R, Flachskampf FA, Hanrath P (1993) Stellenwert der pharmakologischen Belastungsechokardiographie. In: Gering J, Bibra H (Hrsg) Echokardiographische Diagnostik bei koronarer Herzkrankheit. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, 885 - 100

    Google Scholar 

  • Kol A, Sukhova GK, Lichtman AH, et al. (1998) Chlamydial heat shock protein 60 localises in human atheroma and regulates macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Circulation 98: 300 - 7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer JR, Proudfit WL, Loop FD et al. (1989) Late follow-up of 781 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting for an isolated obstruction in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Am Heart J 118: 1144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroncke GM, Kosolcharoen P, Clayman JA et al. (1988) Five-year changes in coronary arteries of medical and surgical patients of the Veterans Administration randomized study of bypass surgery. Circulation 78 (Suppl D): 144

    Google Scholar 

  • Kronmal RA, Oberman A, Frye RL, Killip T III (1986) Effect of cigarette smoking on survival of patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Report from CASS registry. JAMA 255: 1023

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kropp J (1992) Szintigraphie mit 1-123-markierten Fettsäuren zur Diagnostik der KHK. Nuklearmediziner 15: 185 - 194

    Google Scholar 

  • Krucoff MW, Croll MA, Pope JE et al. (1993) Continuously updated 12-lead ST-segment recovery analysis for myocardial infarct artery patency assessment and its correlation with multiple simultaneous early angiographie observations. Am J Cardiol 71: 145 - 151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz RE, Safian RD, Levine MJ, Reis GJ, Diver DJ, Baim DS (1992) Novel approach to the analysis of restenosis after the use of three new coronary devices. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 1493 - 1499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon K, Freedman B, Wilcox I, Allman K, Madden A, Carter GS, Harris PJ (1991) The unstable ST segment early after thrombolysis for acute infarction and its usefulness as a marker of recurrent coronary occlusion. Am J Cardiol 67: 109 - 115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen K, Laurila A, Pyhala L, et al. (1997) Chlamydia pneumoniae infection induces inflammatory changes in the aortas of rabbits. Infect Immun 65: 4832 - 5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lange RA, Willard JE, Hillis LD (1993) Restenosis: The achilles heel of coronary angioplasty. Am J Med Sci 306: 265 - 275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavie CJ, OKeefe JH, Chesebro JH et al. (1990) Prevention of late ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction by successful thrombolytic reperfusion. Am J Cardiol 66: 31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee L, Erbel R, Brown TM, Laufer N, Meyer J, ONeill WN (1991) Multicenter registry of angioplasty therapy of cardiogenic shock: initial and long-term survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 17: 599 - 603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee TH, Goldman L (1986) Serum enzyme assays in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 106: 221

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeuwen TG van, Erven L van, Meertens JH et al. (1992) Origin of arterial wall dissections induced by pulsed excimer and mid-infrared laser ablation in the pig. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 1610 - 1618

    Google Scholar 

  • Leimgruber PP, Roubin GS, Hollman J et al. (1986) Restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty in patients with single-vessel disease. Circulation 73: 710 - 717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leon MB, Baim DS, Gordon P et al. (1996) Clinical and angiographic results from the stent anticoagulation regiment study (STARS). Circulation 94 (suppl I): I - 685

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon MB, Rosing DR, Bonow RO et al. (1981) Clinical efficacy of verapamil alone and combined with propranolol in treating patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 48: 131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lesperance J, Bourassa MG, Biron P et al. (1972) Aorta to coronary artery saphenous vein grafts. Preoperative angiographie criteria for successful surgery. Am J Cardiol 30: 459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin DC, Fellows KE, Abrams HL (1978) Hemodynamically significant primary anomalies of the coronary arteries: Angiographie aspects. Circulation 58: 25 - 34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis HD, Davis JW, Archibald DG et al. (1983) Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. N Engl J Med 309: 396 - 403

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Libby P, Schwartz D, Brogi E et al. (1992) A cascade model for restenosis: a special case of atherosclerosis progression. Circulation 86: Suppl III: 47 - 52

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtlen PR, Hugenholtz PG, Rafflenbeul W et al. (199o) Retardation of angiographie progression of coronary artery disease by nifedipine. Results of the international nifedipine trial on antiatherosclerotic therapy. Lancet 335: 1109

    Google Scholar 

  • Lie JT, Lawrie GM, Morris GC (1977) Aortocoronary bypass saphenous vein graft atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 40: 906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linder L, Kiowski W, Bühler FR, Löscher TF (1990) Indirect evidence for release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human forearm circulation in vivo: blunted response in essential hypertension. Circulation 81: 1762 - 1767

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linderer T, Schröder R, Arntz R et al. (1993) Prehospital thrombolysis: Beneficial effects of very early treatment on infarct size and left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 22: 1304 - 1310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay J, Dewey RC, Talesnick BS, Nulan NG (1984) Relation of ST segment elevation after healing of acute myocardial infarction to the presence of left ventricular aneurysm. Am J Cardiol 54: 84 - 86

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liuzzo G, Biasucci LM, Gallimore JR et al. (1994) The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina. N Engl J Med 331: 417 - 424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long-term intervention with pravastatin in ischemic disease of lipid-study group (1998) Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 339: 1349 - 1357

    Google Scholar 

  • Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM (1989) New arteries for old. Circulation 79 (Suppl I): 40

    Google Scholar 

  • López-Sendon J, Garcia-Fernandez MA, Coma-Canella I,Yangüela MM, Banue-Los F (1983) Segmental right ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: two-dimensional echocardiographic study in 63 patients. Am J Cardiol 51: 390 - 396

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MAAS Investigators (1994) Effect of simvastatin on coronary atheroma: the multicenter anti-atheroma study (MAAS). Lancet 344: 633 - 638

    Google Scholar 

  • Maass M, Bartels C; Engel PM, et al. (1998) Endovascular presence of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common phenomenon in coronary artery disease. Jam Coll Cardiol 31: 827 - 832

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacMahon S, Collins R, Peto R, Koster RW, Yusuf S (1988) Effects of prophylactic lidocaine in suspected acute myocardial infarction: an overview of results from the randomized controlled trials. JAMA 260: 1910 - 1916

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mair J, Dienstl F, Puschendorf B (1992) Cardiac troponin T in the diagnosis of myocardial injury. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 29: 31 - 57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manning W, Li W, Edelman RR (1993) A preliminary report comparing magnetic resonance coronary angiography with conventional angiography. N Engl J Med 328: 828 - 832

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manson JE, Tosteson H, Ridker PM et al. (1992) The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 326: 1406 - 1416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manz M, Mletzko R, Jung W, Luderitz B (1992) Electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects of lidocaine and ajmaline in the management of substained ventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 13: 1123 - 1128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maresta A, Balducelli M, Cantini Le et al. (1994) Trapidil (triazolopyrimidine), a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist, reduces restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronay angioplasty. Results of the randomized, double-blind STARC study. Circulation 90: 2710 - 2715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis JR, Kannel WB, Feinlieb M, Dawber TR, McNamara PM (1973) Clinical features of unrecognized myocardial infarction — silent and symptomatic. Eighteen year follow-up: The Framingham Study. Am J Cardiol 32: 1 - 7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marwick TH, Nemec JJ, Pashkow FJ, Stewart WJ, Salcedo EE (1992) Accuracy and limitations of exercise echocardiography in a routine clinical setting. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 74 - 81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathey DG, Rodewald G, Rentrop P et al. (1981) Intracoronary streptokinase thrombolytic recanalization and subsequent surgical bypass of remaining atherosclerotic stenosis in acute myocardial infarction: complementary combined approach effecting reduced infarct size, preventing reinfarction, and improving left ventricular function. Am Heart J 102 (Suppl): 1194 - 1201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathey DG, Schofer J, Sheehan FH, Becher H, Tilsner V, Dodge HT (1985) Intravenous urokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 55: 878 - 882

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath RB, Revtyak G (1984) Secondary myocardial injuries. Crit Care Med 12: 1024

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meinertz T, Kasper W, Schumacher M et al. (1988) The German multicenter trial of anisoylated plasminogen activator complex vs. heparin for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 62: 347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merx W, Meyer J, von Essen R et al. (1982) Rechtsherzinsuffizienz beim Infarkt der rechten Kammer. I. Diagnose and Häufigkeit. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 107: 565 - 570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer J, Merx W, Dörr R et al. (1982) Successful treatment of acute myocardial infarction shock by combined percutaneous trans-luminal coronary revascularization (PTCR) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Am Heart J 103: 132 - 134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer J, Merx W, Erbel R et al. (1982) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty immediately after intracoronary streptolysis of transmural myocardial infarction. Circulation 66: 905 - 913

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer J, Merx W, von Essen R et al. (1982) Rechtsherzinsuffizienz beim Infarkt der rechten Kammer. II. Prognose and Therapie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 107: 615 - 619

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer J, Schmitz HJ, Erbel R et al. (1981) Treatment of unstable angina pectoris with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Cath Cardiovasc Diagn 7: 361 - 371

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer J, Schmitz HJ, Kiesslich et al. (1983) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris: analysis of early and late results. Am Heart J 106: 973 - 980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Dilaveris PE, Richter DJ, Andrikopoulos GK, Aggeli KD, Stefanadis CI Toutouzas PK ( 1999 Improved detection of coronary artery disease by exercise electrocardiography with the use of precordial leads N England J Med 340: 340 - 345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RR, Olson HG, Amsterdam EA, Mason DT (1975) Propranolol withdrawal rebound phenomenon. Exacerbation of coronary events after abrupt cessation of antianginal therapy. N Engl J Med 293: 416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills NL, Everson CT (1989) Right gastroepiploic artery: a third arterial conduit for coronary artery bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 47: 706

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittleman MH, Maclure M, Tofler GH, Sherwood JB, Goldberg RJ, Muller JE (1993) Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion. N Engl J Med 329: 1677 - 1683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moazed TC, Kuo CC, Patton DL, et al. (1996) Experimental rabbit models of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Am J Pathol 148: 667 - 76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mock MB, Ringqvist I, Fisher LD et al. (1982) Survival of medically treated patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry. Circulation 66: 562 - 566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncada S, Gryglewski RJ, Bunting S, Vane JR (1976) An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature 263: 663 - 665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43: 109 - 142

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monreal M, Lafoz E, Olive A et al. (1994) Comparison of subcutaneous unfractionated heparin with a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) in patients with venous thromboembolism and contraindications to coumarin. Thomb Haemost 71: 907 - 914

    Google Scholar 

  • AR, Khaja F, Villanueva L et al. (1992) Early revascularization improves survival in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 907 - 914

    Google Scholar 

  • Morelli RL, Carlson DJ, Emilson B et al. (1983) Serum creatine kinase MM isoenzyme sub-bands after acute myocardial infarction in man. Circulation 67: 1283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muhlestein JB, Anderson JL, Hammond EH, et al. (1998) Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates the development of atherosclerosis and treatment with azithromycin prevents it in a reabbit model. Circulation 97:633-636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muhlestein JB, Hammond EH, Carlquist JF, et al. (1996) Incrased incidence of Chlamydia species within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic vs. other forms of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 27: 1555 - 61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller DWM, Topol EJ (1990) Selection of patients with acute myocardial infarction for thombolytic therapy. Ann Intern Med 113: 949 - 960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller-Leise CR, Schmitz-Rode T, Boehm N et al. (1991) US-angioplasty: experimental in vitro penetration of fibrous and calcified atherosclerotic plaques. Radiol Soc North Am 181: 170

    Google Scholar 

  • Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Research Group (1988) The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 319: 385 - 392

    Google Scholar 

  • Murad F (1994) The role of nitric oxide in modulating guanylyl cyclase. Neurotransmissions 10: 1 - 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy ML, Meadows WR, Thromsen J et al. (1986) The effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on the incidence of myocardial infarction and hospitalization. Progr Cardiovasc Dis 28: 309

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myerburg RJ, Kessler KM, Mallon SM et al. (1992) Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with silent myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery spasm. N Engl J Med 326: 1451 - 1455

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers WO, Schaff HV, Fisher LD et al. (1988) Time to first new myocardial infarction in patients with severe angina and three-vessel disease comparing medical and early surgical therapy: a CASS registry study of survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 95: 382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myler RK, Shaw RE, Stertzer SH et al. (199o) Unstable angina and coronary angioplasty. Circulation 82: 11 - 88

    Google Scholar 

  • Narula J, Khaw BA, Dec GW et al. (1993) Recognition of acute myocardial masquerading as acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 328: 100 - 104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National center for health statistics (1999) Health United States 1996. Public Health Service, Hyattsville, Maryland

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuhaus KL, Feuerer W, Jeep-Tebbe S, Niederer W, Vogt A, Tebbe U (1989) Improved thrombolysis with a modified dose regimen of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Am Coll Cardiol 14: 1566 - 1569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhaus KL, Tebbe U, Gottwik M et al. (1988) Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the German Activator Urokinase Study (GAUS). J Am Coll Cardiol 12: 581 - 587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nixdorff U, Rupprecht HJ, Mohr-Kahaly S, Wittlich N, Oelert H, Schmied W, Meyer J (1994) Transösophageale Echokardiographie im kardiogenen Schock bei akutem Hinterwandinfarkt mit Papillarmuskelabriß. Z Kardiol 83: 495 - 501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nothnagel H (1905) Letzte Niederschrift: Bemerkungen über seine stenokardischen Anfälle. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 39: 1564 - 1565

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak B, Voigtländer T, Bärenfänger P, Treese N, Becker HJ, Meyer J (1994) Temporary single lead VDD-pacing under intensive care conditions: sensing thresholds and feasibility. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 17: 867

    Google Scholar 

  • OConner GT, Buring JE, Yusuf S et al. (1989) An overview of randomized trials of rehabilitation with exercise after myocardial infarction. Circulation 80: 234 - 244

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliva PB, Stephen CH, Edwards WD (1993) Electrocardiographic diagnosis of postinfarction regional pericarditis. Circulation 88: 896 - 904

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong L, Reiser P, Coromilas J et al. (1983) Left ventricular function and rapid release of creatine kinase MB in acute myocardial infarction: evidence for spontaneous reperfusion. N Engl J Med 309: 1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opie LH (1992a) Cardiac metabolism - emergence, decline, and resurgence. Cardiovasc Res 26: 721 - 733

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opie LH (1992b) Cardiac metabolism - emergence, decline, and resurgence. Part II. Cardiovasc Res 26: 817 - 830

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmaz JC, Sibbit RR, Reuter SR et al. (1985) Expandable intraluminal graft: a preliminary study. Radiology 156: 73 - 77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S (1987) Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327: 524 - 526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Brush JE Jr, Epstein SE (1990) Abnormal endothelium dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 323: 22 - 27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi AF, Folland ED, Hartigan P and the ACME Investigators (1992) A comparison of angioplasty with medical therapy in the treatment of single-vessel coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 326: 10 - 16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker JD, Parker JO (1998) Nitrate therapy for stable angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 338: 520 - 31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passamani E, Davis KB, Gillespie MJ, Killip T and the CASS principal investigators and their associates (1985) A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival of patients with a low ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 312: 1665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peduzzi P, Detre K, Murphy ML (1991) Ten-year incidence of myocardial infarction and prognosis after infarction: department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative study of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 83: 747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pekkanen J, Linn S, Heiss G et al. (1990) Ten-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 322: 1700 - 1717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwaiger M, Büll U, Hör G, Hundeshagen H, Müller-Gärtner W, Knapp WH, Moser E, Notohamiprodjo G, Reiners Chr, Reske SN, Schicha H, vom Dahl J, Nienhaber C, Sechtem U, Wolpers HG, Zimmermann R (1996) Indikationen für die klinische Anwendung der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie in der Kardiologie. Z Kardiol 85: 453 - 468

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer JM et al. (1991) Progressive ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol 260: 1406 - 1412

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer MA et al. (1992) Effect of captopril on mortality and morbitity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 327: 669 - 677

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierard LA, de Landsheere C, Berthe C, Rigo P, Kulbertus HE (199o) Identification of viable myocardium by echocardiography during dobutamine infusion in patients with myocardial infarction after thrombolytic therapy: comparison with positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 1021 - 1031

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitt B, Mancini GBJ, Ellis GS et al. (1995) Pravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLACI): Reduction in atherosclerosis progression and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 1133 - 1139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management (PRISM) Study Investigators. A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina. N Engl J Med 338: 1498 - 505

    Google Scholar 

  • Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) Study Investigators. Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein llb/lla receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Qwave myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 338: 1488 - 1497

    Google Scholar 

  • Platko WP, Holtman J, Whitlow PL, Franco I (1989) Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of saphenous vein graft stenosis: longterm follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 14: 1645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plokker HWT, Ernst SMPG, Bal ET et al. (1988) Percutaneous trans-luminal coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina pectoris refractory to medical therapy: long-term clinical and angiographie results. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 14: 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Plokker HWT, Meester BH, Serruys PW (1991) The Dutch experience in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of narrowed saphenous veins used for aortocoronary arterial bypass. Am J Cardiol 67: 361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pocock SJ, Henderson RA, Rickards AF et al. (1995) Meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing coronary angioplasty with bypass surgery. Lancet 356: 1181 - 1189

    Google Scholar 

  • Popma JJ, Dehmer GJ (1989) Care of the patient after coronary angioplasty. Ann Intern Med 50: 547

    Google Scholar 

  • Preito I, Basil EF, Abdulnou RE (1984) Upper extremity vein graft for aortocoronary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 37: 218

    Google Scholar 

  • Prellwitz W (1994) Die klinische Bedeutung der Konzentrationsbestimmung der Troponine. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 119: 1013 - 1015

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PRIMI Trial Study Group (1989) Randomized double-blind trial of recombinant prourokinase against streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 863 - 868

    Google Scholar 

  • Proudfit WL, Kramer JR, Goormastic M, Loop PD (1988) Survival of patients with mild angina or myocardial infarction without angina; a comparison of medical and surgical treatment. Br Heart J 59: 641

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puleo PR, Guadagno PA, Roberts R et al. (1990) Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction based on assay for subforms of creatine-kinase-MB. Circulation 82: 759

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puleo PR, Perryman B, Bresser MA et al. (1987) Creatinine kinase isoform analysis in the detection and assessment of thrombolysis in man. Circulation 75: 1162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pursuit Trial Investigators. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein llb/ llla with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 339: 436 - 443

    Google Scholar 

  • Qui S, Theroux P, McCans J et al. (1991) Heparin prevents myocardial infarction better than aspirin in the acute phase of unstable angina. Circulation 84 (Suppl II): 1372

    Google Scholar 

  • Quillen JE, Rossen JD, Oskarson HJ, Minor RL, Lopez AG, Winniford MD (1993) Acute effect of cigarette smoking on the coronary circulation: Constriction of epicardial and resistance vessels. J Am Coll Cardiol 22: 642 - 647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radomski MW, Palmer RMJ, Monada S (1987) Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits human platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium. Lancet 11: 1057 - 1058

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahimtoola SH (1989) The hibernating myocardium. Am Heart J 117: 211 - 221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reig J, Jornet A, Petit M (1993) Segmentary analysis of the coronary artery distribution in the left ventricle. Surg Radiol Anat 15: 91 - 97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinecke P, Hort W (1992) Untersuchungen über das Wachstum der Koronararterienäste beim Menschen unter physiologischen Bedingungen. Morphologische Untersuchungen an Korrosionspräparaten des R.interventricularis anterior. Z Kardiol 81: 110 - 115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rentrop P, Blanke H, Marsch KR et al. (1979) Acute myocardial infarction: intracoronary application of nitroglycerin and streptokinase in combination with transluminal recanalization. Clin Cardiol 2: 354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RESTORE Investigators (1997). Effects of platelet glycoprotein llb/ ilia blockade with tirofiban on adverse cardiac events in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction undergoing coronary angioplasty. Circulation 96: 1445 - 1453

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson PD, Davies MJ, Born GVR (1989) Influence of plaque configuration and stress distribution on fissuring of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Lancet 10: 941 - 944

    Google Scholar 

  • Richtlinien zur Einrichtung and zum Betreiben von Herzkatheter-räumen (1994). Z Kardiol 83: 525 - 528

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridker PM, Manson JE, Gaziano JM et al. (1991) Low-dose aspirin therapy for chronic stable angina. A randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 114: 835

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RISC Group (1990) Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. Lancet 336: 827 - 830

    Google Scholar 

  • RITA Trial Participants (1993) Coronary angioplasty vs. coronary artery bypass surgery: the Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA) trial. Lancet 341: 573 - 580

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts R (1987) Reperfusion and the plasma isoforms of creatine kinase isoenzymes: a clinical perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 9: 464

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts R et al. (1991) Immediate vs. deferred beta blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial (TIMI)-11B-study. Circulation 83: 422 - 437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts R, Sobel BE (1973) Isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase and diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 79: 741

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts WC (1986) Major anomalies of coronary artery origin seen in adulthood. Am Heart J 111: 941 - 963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roelandt JRTC, diMario C, Pandian NG et al. (1994) Three-dimensional reconstruction of intracoronary ultrasound images - Rationale, approaches, problem, and directions. Circulation 90: 1044 - 1055

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roelandt JRTC, Sutherland GR, Yoshida K, Yoshikawa J (1988) Improved diagnosis and characterisation of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm by Doppler colour flow imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 12: 807 - 811

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Helmrich SP, Shapiro S (1985) The risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of age. N Engl J Med 313: 1511 - 1514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenschein U, Bernstein JJ, DiSegni E et al. (1990) Experimental ultrasonic angioplasty: disruption of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombi in vitro and arterial recanalization in vivo. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 711 - 717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenschein U, Rozenszajn LA, Kraus L et al. (1991) Ultrasonic angioplasty in totally occluded peripheral arteries. Circulation 83: 1976 - 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross J Jr (1991) Myocardial perfusion-contraction nmatching.Implications for coronary heart disease and hibernation. Circulation 83: 1076 - 1083

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross R (1993) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 362: 801 - 809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rost R (1998) Ambulante vs. stationäre Rehabilitation nach stattgehabtem Myokardinfarkt - Pro ambulante Rehabilitation. Z Kardiol 87 (Suppl 2): 222 - 224

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe MH, Hinohara T, White NW et al. (1990) Comparison of dissection rates and angiographic results following directional coronary atherectomy and coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 66: 49 - 53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubartelli P, Niccoli L, Verna E (1998) Stent implantation vs. balloon angioplasty in chronic coronary occlusions: results from the GISSOC trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 32: 90 - 6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rumberger JA, Sheedy PF, Breen JF, Fitzpatrick LA, Schwartz RS (1996): Electron beam computed tomography and coronary artery disease: scanning for coronary artery calcification. Mayo Clin Proc 71: 369 - 377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruocco NA Jr, Ring ME, Holubkov R et al. (1992) Results and coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions (the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 1985-1986 Percutaneous Trans-luminal Angioplasty Registry) Am J Cadiol 69: 69 - 76

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupprecht HJ, Brennecke R, Bernhard G, Erbel R, Pop T, Meyer J (1990) Analysis of risk factors for restenosis after PTCA. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 19: 151 - 159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rupprecht HJ, Darius H, Borkowski U et al. (1998) Comparison of Antiplatelet Effects of Aspirin, Ticlopidine, or Their Combination After Stent Implantation. Circulation 97: 1046 - 1052

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rupprecht HJ, Erbel R, Brennecke R et al. (1988) Aktuelle Komplikationsrate der perkutanen transluminalen Koronarangioplastie bei stabiler and unstabiler Angina pectoris. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 113: 409 - 413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rupprecht HJ, Espinola-Klein C, Erbel R et al. (1998) Impact of routine angiographic follow-up after angioplasty. Am Heart J 136: 613 - 619

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rupprecht HJ, Hamm C, Ischinger T et al. on behalf of the GABI Study Group (1996) Angiographic follow-up results of a randomized study on angiopalsty vs. bypass surgery (GABI trial) Eur Heart J 17: 1192 - 1198

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupprecht HJ, Olshausen K, Erbel R, Pop T, Meyer J (1987) Differentialdiagnose: Rechtsherzinfarkt oderAnteroseptalinfarkt? Z Kardiol 76: 517

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford JD, Whitlock RML, McDonald BW et al. (1986) Multivariate analysis of the long-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting performed during 1976 and 1977. Am J Cardiol 57: 1264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan T, Segar DS, Sawada SG et al. (1993) Detection of coronary artery disease with upright bicycle exercise echocardiography. J Am Coll Echocardiogr 6: 186 - 197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan TF, Faxon DP, Gunnar RM et al. (1988) Guidelines for per-cutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty - A report of the ACC/AHA Task Force on assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 12: 529

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye L et al. (1996) The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 335: 1001 - 1009

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safian RD, Gelbfish JS, Raymond EE et al. (1990) Coronary atherectomy: clinical, angiographic, and histological findings and observations regarding potential mechanisms. Circulation 82: 69 - 79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahni R, Maniet AR, Voci G, Banka VS (1991) Prevention of restenosis by lovastatin after successful coronary angioplasty. Am Heart J 121: 1600 - 1608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saikku, P, Leinonen M, Tenkanen L, et al. (1992) Chronic Chlamydia pneumonia infectionas a risk factor for coronbary heart disease in the Helsinki heart study. Ann Intern Med 116: 273 - 278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salonen R, Nyyssonen K, Porkkala E et al. (1995) Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS): A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL-lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries. Circulation 92: 1758 - 1764

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanborn TA, Faxon DP, Haudenschild C et al. (1983) The mechanism of transluminal angioplasty: evidence for formation of aneurysms in experimental atherosclerosis. Circulation 68: 1136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanborn TA, Faxon DP, Waugh D et al. (1982) Transluminal angioplasty in experimental atherosclerosis: analysis for embolization using an in vivo perfusion system. Circulation 66: 817

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage MP, Douglas JS, Fischman DL et al. (1997) Stent placement compared with balloon angioplasty for obstructed coronary bypass grafts (SAVED Trial) N Engl J Med 337: 740 - 747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savage MP, Goldberg S, Hirshfeld JW et al. (1991) Clinical and angiographic determinations of primary coronary angioplasty success. J Am Coll Cardiol 17: 22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (1994) Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 344: 1383 - 1389

    Google Scholar 

  • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (1995) Baseline serum cholesterol and treatment effect in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 345: 1274 - 1275

    Google Scholar 

  • SCATI-Group (1989) Randomized controlled trial of subcutaneous calcium-heparin in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 11, 182 - 186

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaper W (1991) Angiogenesis in the adult heart. Basic Res Cardiol 86 (Suppl 2): 51 - 56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaper W, Görge G, Winkler B, Schaper J (1988) The collateral circulation of the heart. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 31: 57 - 77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schelbert HR (1987) Current status and prospects of new radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for cardiovascular nuclear medicine. Nucl Med 17: 145 - 181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlant RC, ORourke RA, Collen D, Kennedy JW, Kuschnir E, Meyer J, Paoletti R, Pitt B, Rapaport E, Sekiguchi M, Simoons ML, Sleight P (1994) Reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 90: 2091 - 2102

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmermund A, Baumgart D, Adamzik M et al. (1998) Relative frequency of calcified and non-calcified plaques in patients with acute coronary syndromes and no or minimal to moderate angiographic disease: insights from the combination of intra-coronary ultrasound and electron beam CT. Am J Cardiol 81: 141 - 146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schömig A, Neuman FJ, Kastrati A et al. (1996) A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary artery stents. N Engl J Med 334: 1084 - 1089

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schuler G, Hambrecht R, Schlierf G et al. (1992) Regular physical exercise and low-fat diet: effects on progression of coronary artery disease. Circulation 86: 1 - 11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz R, Guth BD, Pieper K, Martin C, Heusch G (1992) Recruitment of an inotropic reserve in moderately ischemic myocardium at the expense of metabolic recovery: a model of short-term hibernation. Circ Res 70: 1282 - 1295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz R, Rose J, Martin C, Brodde OE, Heusch G (1993) Development of short-term myocardial hibernation: its limitation by the severity of ischemia and inotropic stimulation. Circulation 88: 684 - 695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz ER, Patterson M, Kloner RA (1998) Kardiomyozytentransplantation — eine Frischzellenkultur zur Gewebsreparatur in infarzierten Herzen? Z Kardiol 87: 1 - 7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segar DS, Brown SE, Sawada SG, Ryan T, Feigenbaum H (1992) Dobutamine stress echocardiography: correlation with coronary lesion as determined by quantitative angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 1197 - 1202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F et al. (1994) A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 331: 489 - 495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serruys PW, Strauss B), Beatt KJ et al. (1991) Angiographic follow-up after a self-expanding coronary-artery stent. N Engl J Med 324: 13 - 17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serruys PW, van Hout B, Bonnier H et al. (1998) Randomised comparison of implantation of heparin-coated stents with balloon angioplasty in selected patients with coronary artery disease (Benestent II). Lancet 352: 673 - 81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe N, Murphy J, Smith H, Hannan S (1988) Treatment of patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Lancet 11: 255 - 259

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan FH (1990) Measurement of left ventricular function as an endpoint in trials of thrombolytic therapy. Coronary Artery Disease 1: 13

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I et al. (1995) Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 333: 1301 - 1307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimokawa H, Aarhus LL, Vanhoutte PM (1987) Porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium have a reduced endothelium-dependent responsiveness to aggregating platelets and serotonin. Cire Res 61: 256 - 270

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel RJ, Ariani M, Forrester JS et al. (1989) Cardiovascular applications of therapeutic ultrasound. J Invasive Cardiol 1: 219 - 229

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel RJ, Don Michael TA, Fishbein MC et al. (1990) In vivo ultrasound arterial recanalization of atherosclerotic total occlusions. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 345 - 351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigwart U, Puel J, Mirkovitch V et al. (1991) Intravascular stents to prevent occlusion and restenosis after transluminal angioplasty. N Engl J Med 316: 701 - 706

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver MA (1986) Morphologic substrates of ventricular arrhythmias. Clin Prog Electrophysiol Pacing 4: 1 - 13

    Google Scholar 

  • Simoons ML, Arnold AE, Betriu A et al. (1988) Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: No beneficial effects of immediate PTCA. Lancet 1: 197 - 203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simoons ML, van der Brand M, de Zwabb C et al. (1985) Improved survival after early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 11: 578 - 581

    Google Scholar 

  • Simoons ML, Vos J, Tijssen JGP et al. (1989) Long-term benefit of early thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: 5-year follow-up of a trial conducted by the Interuniversity Cardiology Committee, University of the Netherlands. J Am Coll Cardiol 14: 1609

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson JB, Baim DS, Robert EW, Harrison DC (1982) A new cathe- ter system for coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 49: 1216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson JB, Selmon MR, Robertson GC et al. (1988) Transluminal atherectomy for occlusive peripheral vascular disease. Am J Cardiol 61: 96 - 101

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinapius D (1965) Ober Wandveränderungen bei Coronarthrombose, Bemerkungen zur Häufigkeit, Entstehung and Bedeutung. Klin Wochenschr 43: 875 - 880

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirnes PA, Svein G, Myreng Y et al. (1998) Sustained benefit of stenting chronic coronary occlusion: long-term clinicial follow-up of the stenting in chronic coronary occlusion (SICCO) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 32: 305 - 310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH, Lasky T (1984) The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. N Engl J Med 311: 874 - 877

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith P et al. (1990) The effect of warfarin on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 90: 147 - 152

    Google Scholar 

  • Smyllie JH, Sutherland GR, Greuskens R, Dawkins KD, Conway N, Roelandt JRTC (1990) Doppler colour flow mapping in the diagnosis of ventricular septal rupture and mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 1449 - 1455

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobel BE, Shell WE (1972) Serum enzyme determinations in the diagnosis and assessment of myocardial infarction. Circulation 45: 471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solymoss BC, Nadeau P, Millette D, Campeau L (1988) Late thrombosis of saphenous vein bypass grafts related to risk factors. Circulation 78: 140 - 143

    Google Scholar 

  • Sones FM, Shiley EK (1962) Cine coronary arteriography. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 31: 735

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spiecker M, Erbel R, Rupprecht HJ, Meyer J (1994) Emergency angioplasty of totally occluded left main coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris - institutional experience and literature review. Eur Heart J 15: 602 - 607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamler JD, Wentworth D, Heaton JD (1986) Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings 356: 222

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamler JD, Wentworth D, Heaton JD (1986) Primary screens of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA 256: 2823 - 2828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stammen F, De Scheerder I, Glazier JJ et al. (1992) Immediate and follow-up results of the conservative coronary angioplasty strategy for unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 69: 1533

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stammen F, Piessens J, Vrolix M et al. (1991) Immediate and short-term results of a 1988-1989 coronary angioplasty registry. Am J Cardiol 67: 253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stary HC, Chandler AB, Dinsmore RE, Fuster V, Glagov S, Insull W et al. (1995) A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis. A report from the committee on vascular lesions of the council on atherosclerosis. Amer Heart Assoc. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 15: 1512 - 1531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Statistisches Bundesamt (1999) Publikationen des Bundesamtes in Wiesbaden Steering Committee (1996) A randomized, blinded trial of clopidogrel vs. aspirin in patients at risk of ischemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348: 1329 - 1339

    Google Scholar 

  • Steering Committee of the Physicians Health Study Research Group (5989) Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians Health Study. N Engl J Med 321: 129-135

    Google Scholar 

  • Steffen W, Luo H, Fishbein MC et al. (1993) Catheter delivered therapeutic ultrasound recanalizes thrombotically occluded coronary arteries in vivo: a canine study. J Am Coll Cardiol 21: 76A

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein B, Fuster V (5989) Antithrombotic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: prevention of venous, left ventricular and coronary artery thromboembolism. Am J Cardiol 64: 33 - 40

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone GW, Grines CL, Browne KF et al. (1995) Predictions of in-hospital and 6 month outcome after acute myocardial inarction in the reperfusion era: the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) trail. J Am Coll Cardiol 25: 370 - 377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone RW, Rutherford BD, McConahay DR et al. (1990) Procedural outcome of angioplasty for total coronary atery occlusion: an analysis of 971 lesions in 905 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 849 - 856

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strunk H, Weber W, Steffen W et al. (1992) Percutaneous sonographic angioplasty: initial experimental results. Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen and der neuen bildgebenden Verfahren 156: 33 - 36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Superko HR, Krauss RM (1994) Coronary artery disease progression. Convincing evidence for the benefit of aggressive lipoprotein management. Circulation 90: 5056 - 1069

    Google Scholar 

  • Suryapranata H, Arnoud WJ, Hoornje JCA et al. (1998) Randomized comparison of coronary stenting with balloon angioplasty in selected patients with acute myocadial infarction. Circulation 97: 2502 - 2505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton JM, Gitlin JB, Casale PN et al. (1992) Major complications after TEC atherectomy: preliminary analysis derived from the multicenter registry experience. Circulation 86: 456

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton JM, Gitlin JB, Casale PN et al. (1993) Complex lesions with ulceration or calcification are predictors of restenosis after trans-luminal extraction atherectomy. J Am Coll Cardiol 21: 442A

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan HJC, Ganz W, Forrester JS, Marcus H, Diamond G, Chonette D (1970) Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. N Engl J Med 283: 447 - 451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tardif JC, Cote G, Lespèrance J et al. (1997) Probucol and multivitamins in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angiopalsty. N Engl J Med 337: 365 - 72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teirstein PS, Massullo V, Shirish-Jani et al. (1997) Catheter based radiotherapy to inhibit restenosis after coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 336: 1697 - 1703

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Telford AM, Wilson C (1981) Trial of heparin vs. atenolol in prevention of myocardial infarction in intermediate coronary syndrome. Lancet 1: 1225 - 1228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tenaglia AN, Buller CE, Kisslo KB et al. (1992) Mechanisms of balloon angioplasty and directional coronary atherectomy as assessed by intracoronary ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 20: 685 - 691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terragno NA, Terragno A, McGiff JC (1977) Contribution of Prostaglandins to the renal circulation in conscious, anaesthetized and laparatomized dogs. Circ Res 40: 590 - 597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J et al. (1988) Aspirin, heparin or both to treat acute unstable angina. N Engl J Med 319: 1105 - 1111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiefenbrunn AJ, Sobel BE (1989) The impact of coronary thrombolysis on myocardial infarction. Fibrinolysis 3: 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillett WS, Garner RI (1933) The fibrinolytic activity of hemolytic streptococci. J Exp Med 58: 485 - 502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TIMI IIIB Trial (1994): Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator and a comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Circulation 89: 1545 - 56

    Google Scholar 

  • TIMI Research Group (1988) Immediate vs. delayed catheterization and angioplasty following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 260: 2849 - 2858

    Google Scholar 

  • TIMI Study Group (1989) Comparison of invasive and conservative strategies after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II Trial. N Engl J Med 320: 618 - 627

    Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ (1994) Thrombolytic intervention. In: Topol EJ (ed) Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, 2nd edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 68 - 111

    Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Bates ER, Walton JA et al. (1987) Community hospital administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: improved timing, thrombolytic efficacy and ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 10: 1173 - 1177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Bell W R, Weisfeldt ML (1985) Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator: a hematologic and pharmacologie study. Ann Intern Med 103: 837 - 843

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Califf RM, George BS et al. (1987) A randomized trial of immediate vs. delayed elective angioplasty after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infaction. N Engl J Med 317: 197 - 202

    Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Califf RM, George BS et al. (1988) Coronary arterial thrombolysis with combined infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction (TAMI-2). Circulation 77: 1100 - 1107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Ciuffo AA, Pearson TA et al. (1985) Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in atherosclerotic thrombotic occlusion. J Am Coll Cardiol 5: 85 - 91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Ellis SG, Fishman J et al. (1987) Multicenter study of per-cutaneous transluminal angioplasty for right coronary artery ostial stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 9: 1214 - 1218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Leya F, Pinkerton CA et al. (1993) A comparison of directional atherectomy with coronary angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 329: 221 - 227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EJ, Serruys PW (1998) Frontiers in Interventional Cardiology. Circulation 98: 1802 - 1820

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EPIC-Studie Lancet (1994) Topol EJ, Califf RM, Weisman HF et al. (1994) Randomized trial of coronary intervention with antibody against platelet IIb/IIIa integrin for reduction of clinical restenosis: results at six months. The EPIC Investigators. Lancet 343: 881 - 886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topol EPIC-Studie NEJM (1994) The EPIC Investigators (1994) Use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in N Engl J Med 330: 956 - 961

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschoepe D (1995) The activated megacaryocyte-platelet-system in vascular disease. Focus in diabetes. Sem Thromb Haemost 21: 152 - 160

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsung SH (1981) Several conditions causing elevation of serum CK-BB. Am J Clin Pathol 75: 711

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amougel P, Arveiler D, Rajakangas AM, Pajak A (1994) Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Circulation 90: 583 - 612

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amougel P, Arveiler D, Rajakangas AM, Pajak A for the WHO Monica Project (1994) Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organisation MONICA Project: registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation 90: 583 - 612

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turpie AGG, Robinson JG, Doyle DJ, Mulji AS, Mishkel GJ, Sealy BJ, Cairns JA, Skingley L, Hirsh J, Gent M (1989) Comparison of high-dose with low-dose subcutaneous heparin to prevent left ventricular mural thrombosis in patients with acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 320, 352 - 357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda M, Becker AE, Tsukada T, Numano F, Fujimoto T (1991) Fibrocellular tissue response after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. An immunocytochemical analysis of the cellular composition. Circulation 83: 1327 - 1332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998) Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and mircrovascular complictions in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. Brit Med J 317: 703 - 720

    Google Scholar 

  • URALMI, Urokinase and Alteplase in Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group (1991) Combination of urokinase and alteplase in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2: 225 - 235

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban P, Macaya C, Rupprecht H.-J. (1998) Randomized evaluation of anticoagulation vs. antiplatelet therapy after coronary stent implantation in high-risk patients (the multicenter aspirin and ticlopidine trial after intracoronary stenting; MATTIS, 1998). Circulation 98: 2126 - 2132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Belle E, Bauters C, Hubert E et al. (1997)Restenosis rates in diabetic patients. A comarison of coronary stenting and balloon angioplasty in native coronary vessels. Circulation 96: 1454 - 1460

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanhoutte PM, Scott-Burden T (1994) The endothelium in health and disease. Texas Heart Inst J 21: 62 - 67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varnauskas E and the European Coronary Surgery Study Group (1985) Survival, myocardial infarction, and employment status in a prospective randomized study of coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 72 (Suppl V): 90

    Google Scholar 

  • Veinot JP, Gattinger DA, Fliss H (1997) Early apoptosis in human myocardial infarcts. Hum Pathol 28: 485 - 492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Versaci F, Gaspardone A, Tomai, F (1997) A comparison of coronary artery stenting with angioplasty for isolated stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. N Engl J Med 336: 817 - 22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verschuren WWM, Jacobs DR, Bloemberg BPM et al. (1995) Serum total cholesterol and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in different cultures: Twenty-five-year follow-up of the seven countries study. JAMA 274: 131 - 136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voigtländer T, Nowak B, Bärenfänger P, Himmrich E, Treese N, Bekker HJ, Meyer J (1997) Feasibility and sensing thresholds of temporary single-lead VDD pacing in intensive care. Am J Cardiol 79: 1360 - 1363

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volpi A, Cavalli A, Santoro E, Tognoni G, and GISSI Investigators (1990) Incidence and prognosis of secondary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 82: 1279 - 1288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallentin LC and the Research Group on Instability in Coronary Artery Disease in Southeast Sweden (1991) Aspirin (75mg/day) after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease: long term effects on the risk for myocardial infarction, occurrence of severe angina and the need for revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 18: 1587 - 1593

    Google Scholar 

  • Waller BF, Pinkerton CA, Orr CM, Slack JD, van Tassel JW, Peters T (1991) Restenosis 1 to 24 months after clinically successful coronary balloon angioplasty: a necropsy study of 20 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 17: 58 - 70

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallis DE, Pope C, Littman WJ, Scanlon PJ (1988) Safety and efficacy of esmolol for unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 62: 1033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warburton R, Tampas J, Soule A, Taylor H (1968) Coronary artery calcification: its relationship to coronary artery stenosis and myocardial infarction. Radiology 91: 105 - 115

    Google Scholar 

  • Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsh J et al. (1995) Heparin-induced thombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecularweight heparin or unfractionated heparin. N Engl J Med 332: 1330 - 1335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wassermann K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, Whipp BJ (1987) Principles of exercise testing and interpretation. Lea Febiger, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver WD, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom AP for the MITI Project Group (1993) Early treatment with thrombolytic therapy: results from the Myocardial Infarction, Triage and Intervention Pre-Hospital Trial. JAMA 270: 1211 - 1216

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver WD, Simes RJ, Betriu A et al. (1997) Comparison of primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 278: 2093 - 3098

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb JG, Myler RK, Shaw RE et al. (1990) Coronary angioplasty after coronary bypass surgery: initial results and late outcome in 422 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 16: 812

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner DA, Ryan TJ, McCabe CH et al. (1979) Exercise stress testing: correlations among history of angina, ST-segment response and prevalence of coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). N Engl J Med 301: 230 - 235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weintraub WS, Ghazzal ZMB, Cohen CL et al. (1991) Clinical implications of late proven patency after successful coronary angioplasty. Circulation 84: 572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White CJ, Ramee SR, Mesa JE, Collins TJ (1991) Percutaneous coronary angioscopy in patients with restenosis after coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 17: 46B - 4911

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White HD, Cross DB, Elliott JM, Norris RM, Yee TW (1994) Longterm prognostic importance of patency of the infarct-related coronary artery after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 89: 61 - 67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitlow PL, Buchbinder M, Kent K et al. (1992) Coronary rotational atherectomy: angiographic risk factors and their relation to success/complications. J Am Coll Cardiol 19: 334A

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittacker P, Bougner DR, Kloner RA, Przyklenk K (1991) Stunned myocardium and myocardial collagen damage: differential effects of single and repeated occlusions. Am Heart J 121: 434 - 441

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox RG for the LATE Steering Committee (1993) Late assessment of thrombolytic efficacy with alteplase 6-24 hours after onset of acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 342: 759 - 766

    Google Scholar 

  • Willich SN, Lewis M, Löwel H, Arntz HR, Schubert F, Schröder R (1993) Physical exertion as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 329: 1684 - 1690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winniford MD, Kennedy PL, Wells PJ, Hillis LD (1986) Potentiation of nitroglycerin-induced coronary dilatation by N-acetylcystein. Circulation 73: 138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winniford MD, Wheelan KR, Kremers MS et al. (1986) Smoking-induced coronary vasoconstriction in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: evidence for adrenergically mediated alterations in coronary artery tone. Circulation 73: 662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong Y-K, Gallagher PJ, Ward ME. (1999) Chlamydia pneumonia and atherosclerosis. Heart 81: 232 - 238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood MA de, Notske RN, Hensley GR et al. (1980) Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation with and without reperfusion of myocardial infarction shock. Circulation 61: 1105 - 1112

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood MA de, Spores J, Notske RN et al. (1979) Medical and surgical management of myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 4: 1356 - 1364

    Google Scholar 

  • Writing Group for the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators(1997) Five-year clinical and functional outcome comparing bypass surgery and angioplasty in patients with multivessel coronary disease. A multicenter randomized trial. JAMA 277: 715 - 721

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Q, Willeit J, Marosi M, et al. (1993) Association of serum antibodies to heat shock protein 65 with carotid atheroslerosis. Lancet 342: 225 - 229

    Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, MacMahon S, Collins R, Peto R (1988) Effect of intravenous nitrates on mortality in acute myocardial infarction: An overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 1: 1088 - 1092

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zehender M, Kasper W, Kauder E et al. (1993) Right ventricular infarction as an independent predictor of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 328: 981 - 988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeiher AM, Drexler H, Saurbier B, Just H (1993) Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans: effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. J Clin Invest 92: 652 - 662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeitler E, Schoop W, Zahnow W (1971) The treatment of occlusive arterial disease by transluminal catheter angioplasty. Radiology 99: 19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao M, Sonnenblick EH, Zhang H, Eng C (1992) Increase in myofilament separation in the „stunned myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 24: 269 - 276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zijlstra F, de Boer MJ, Hoorntje CA, Reiffers S, Teiber JHC, Suryapranata H (1993) A comparison of immediate coronary angioplasty with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 328: 680 - 684

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zotz RJ, Dohmen G, Genth S, Erbel R, Meyer J (1993) Diagnosis of papillary muscle rupture after acute myocardial infarction by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Clin Cardiol 16: 665 - 670

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Meyer, J. et al. (2000). Akuter Myokardinfarkt. In: Erdmann, E. (eds) Klinische Kardiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12156-6_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12156-6_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-12157-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-12156-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics