Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality pp 401–411Cite as

Hormones in Mycelial Fungi

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 1))

Abstract

The major means that a fungus has to monitor the environment is through its chemosensory system. Thus, it is not surprising that specific chemicals are used as signalling molecules in a range of activities of fungal cells. These chemicals are diverse in their chemical structures, in their effective concentrations, in their specificities and in their types of action. This chapter discusses non-nutritional chemical control of growth and development of fungi, concentrating on hormones, but also considering other chemicals with effects that are apparently specific. The term “hormone” will be used in its broadest sense as defined by Huxley (1935) as “a chemical substance produced by one tissue with the primary function of exerting a specific effect of functional value on another tissue”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arpin N, Bouillant ML (1981) Light and mycosporines. In: Turian G, Hohl HR (eds) The fungal spore: mor-phogenetic controls. Academic Press, London, pp 435–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin DJ, Bu’Lock JD, Gooday GW (1969) Trisporic acids: sexual hormones from Mucor mucedo and Blakeslea trispora. Nature 223:1178–1179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bistis GN (1981) Chemotropic interactions between trichogynes and conidia of opposite mating type in Neuro- spora crassa. Mycologia 73:959–975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bistis GN (1983) Evidence for diffusible, mating-type-specific trichogyne attractants in Neurospora crassa. Exp Mycol 7:292–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bistis GN, Georgopolous SG (1979) Some aspects of sexual reproduction in Nectria haematococca var. Cucurbitae. Mycologia 71:127–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bistis GN, Olive LS (1968) Induction of antheridia in Ascobolus stercorarius. Am J Bot 55:629–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeslee AF (1904) Sexual reproduction in the Mucori-neae. Proc Natl Acad Arts Sci 40:205–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brasier CM (1975) Stimulation of sex organ formation in Phytophthora by antagonistic species of Trichoderma. 1. The effect in vitro. New Phytol 74:183–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buller AHR (1933) Researches in fungi, vol 5. Longmans Green, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bu’Lock JD, Jones BE, Winskill N (1976) The apocaro-tenoid system of sex hormones and prohormones in Mucorales. Pure Appl Chem 47:191–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgeff H (1924) Untersuchungen über Sexualität und Parasitismus bei Mucorineen I. Bot Abh 4:1–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnett JH (1976) Fundamentals of mycology, 2nd edn. Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Champe SP, El-Zayat AAE (1989) Isolation of a sexual sporulation hormone from Aspergillus nidulans. J Bacteriol 171:3982–3988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Champe SP, Rao P, Chang A (1987) An endogenous inducer of sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. J Gen Microbiol 133:1383–1387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drinkard LC, Nelson GE, Sutter RP (1982) Growth arrest: a prerequisite for sexual development in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Exp Mycol 6:52–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driver CH, Wheeler HE (1955) A sexual hormone from Glomerella. Mycologia 47:311–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer PS, Ingram DS, Johnstone K (1992) The control of sexual morphogenesis in the Ascomycotina. Biol Rev 67:421–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer PS, Ingram DS, Johnstone K (1993) Evidence for the involvement of linoleic acid and other endogenous lipid factors in perithecial development of Nectria haemato-cocca mating population VI. Mycol Res 97:485–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott CG (1979) Influence of the structure of the sterol molecule on sterol-induced reproduction in Phytophthora cactorum. J Gen Microbiol 115:117–126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott CG (1983) Physiology of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora. In: Erwin DC, Bartnicki-Garcia S, Tsao PH (eds) Phytophthora: its biology, taxonomy, ecology and pathology. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, pp 71–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott CG, Glen B (1982) Sterol requirements of mating strains of heterothallic phytophthoras. J Gen Microbiol 128:859–863

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fawell SE, McKenzie MA, Greenfield NJ, Adebodun F, Jordan F, Lenard J (1988) Stimulation by mammalian insulin of glycogen metabolism in a wall-less strain of Neurospora crassa. Endocrinology 122:518–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman D, Do Y, Burshell A, Stathis P, Loose DS (1982) An estrogen binding protein and endogenous ligand in Saccharomyces cerivisiae: a possible hormone receptor system. Science 218:297–298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman D, Tokes LG, Stathis PA, Miller SC, Kurz W, Harvey D (1984) Identification of 17-β-estradiol as the estrogenic substance in S. cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:4722–4726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gall AM, Elliott CG (1985) Control of sexual reproduction in Pythium sylvaticum. Trans Br Mycol Soc 84:629–636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gooday GW (1968) Hormonal control of sexual reproduction in Mucor mucedo. New Phytol 67:815–821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gooday GW (1973) Differentiation in the Mucorales. Symp Soc Gen Microbiol 23:269–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Gooday GW (1974) Fungal sex hormones. Annu Rev Biochem 43:35–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gooday GW (1975) Chemotaxis and chemotropism in fungi and algae. In: Carlile MJ (ed) Primitive sensory and communication systems. Academic Press, London, pp 155–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Gooday GW (1978) Functions of trisporic acid. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 284:509–520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gooday GW (1983) Hormones and sexuality in fungi. In: Bennett JW, Ciegler A (eds) Secondary metabolism and differentiation in fungi. Dekker, New York, pp 239–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Gooday GW, Adams DJ (1992) Sex hormones and fungi. Adv Microb Physiol 34:69–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield NJ, McKenzie MA, Adebodun F, Jordan F, Lenard J (1988) Metabolism of D-glucose in a wall-less mutant of Neurospora crassa examined by 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonances: effects of insulin. Biochemistry 27:8526–8533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield NJ, Cherapak CN, Adebodun F, Jordan F, Lenard J (1990) Intracellular sodium content of a wall-less strain of Neurospora crassa and effects of insulin: a 23Na-NMR study. Biochim Biophys Acta 1025:15–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gruen HE (1982) Control of stipe elongation by the pileus and mycelium in fruitbodies of Flammulina velutipes and other Agaricales. In: Wells K, Wells EK (eds) Basidium and basidiocarp. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 125–155

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Guo LY, Ko WH (1991) Hormonal regulation of sexual reproduction and mating type change in heterothallic Pythium splendens. Mycol Res 95:452–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herman RP, Herman CA (1985) Prostoglandins or prostoglandin-like substances are implicated in normal growth and development in Oomycetes. Prostoglandins 29:819–830

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huxley JS (1935) Chemical regulation and the hormone concept. Biol Rev 10:427–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ilott TW, Ingram DS, Rawlinson CJ (1986) Evidence of a chemical factor involved in the control of sexual development in the light leaf spot fungus Pyrenopeziza bras-sicae (Ascomycotina). Trans Br Mycol Soc 87:303–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Islam MS (1981) Sex pheromones in Neurospora crassa. In: O’Day DH, Horgen PA (eds) Sexual interactions in eukaryotic microbes. Academic Press, New York, pp 131–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones BE, Williamson IP, Gooday GW (1981) Sex pheromones in Mucor. In: O’Day DH, Horgen PA (eds) Sexual interactions in eukaryotic microbes. Academic Press, New York, pp 179–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawai G (1987) Biological and scanning electron microscope analysis of the inducing effect of a cerebroside on fruiting of Schizophyllum commune. Trans Mycol Soc Jpn 28:107–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawai G, Ikeda Y (1985) Structure of biologically active and inactive cerebrosides prepared from Schizophyllum commune. J Lipid Res 26:338–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerwin JL, Duddles ND (1989) Reassessment of the role of phospholipids in sexual reproduction by sterol-auxotrophic fungi. J Bacteriol 171:3831–3839

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerwin JL, Washino RK (1983) Sterol induction of sexual reproduction in Legenidium giganteum. Exp Mycol 7:109–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ko WH (1983) Isolation and partial characterization of a hormones produced by Phytophthora parasitica. J Gen Microbiol 129:1397–1401

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ko WH (1985) Stimulation of sexual reproduction of Phytophthora cactorum by phospholipids. J Gen Microbiol 131:2591–2594

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ko WH (1988) Hormonal heterothallism and homothal-lism in Phytophthora. Annu Rev Phytopathol 26:57–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kole HK, Lenard J (1991) Insulin-induced stimulation of protein phosphorylation in Neurospora crassa cells. FASEB J 5:2728–2734

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kole HK, Muthukumar G, Lenard J (1991) Purification and properties of a membrane-bound insulin binding protein, a putative receptor, from Neurospora crassa. Biochemistry 30:682–688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kole HK, Smith DR, Lenard J (1992) Characterization and partial purification of an insulinase from Neurospora crassa. Arch Biochem Biophys 297:199–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenard J (1992) Mammalian hormones in microbial cells. Trends Biochem Sci 17:147–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Roith D, Shiloach J, Roth J, Lesniak MA (1980) Evolutionary origins of vertebrate hormones: substances similar to mammalian insulins are native to unicellular eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 6184–6188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loose DS, Schurman DJ, Feldman D (1981) A corticosteroid protein and endogenous ligand in Candida albicans indicating a possible steroid-receptor system. Nature 293:477–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machlis L (1958) A study of sirenin, the chemotactic sexual hormone from the water mold Allomyces. Physiol Plant 11:845–854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machlis L (1972) The coming of age of sex hormones in plants. Mycologia 64:235–247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machlis L (1973) Factors affecting the stability and accuracy of the bioassay for the sperm attractant sirenin. Plant Physiol 52:524–526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machlis L, Nutting WH, William MW, Rapoport H (1966) Production, isolation and characterization of sirenin. Biochemistry 5:2147–2152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazur P, Meyers HV, Nakanishi K, El-Kayat AAE, Champe SP (1990) Structural elucidation of sporogenic fatty acid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans. Tetrahedron Lett 31:3837–3840

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie MA, Fawell SE, Cha M, Lenard J (1988) Effects of mammalian insulin on metabolism, growth and morphology of a wall-less strain of Neurospora crassa. Endocrinology 122:511–517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMorris TC (1978) Antheridiol and the oogoniols, steroid hormones which control sexual reproduction in Achlya. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 248:459–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mesland DAM, Huisman JG, Van den Ende H (1974) Volatile sexual hormones in Mucor mucedo. J Gen Microbiol 80:111–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller SC, Bottema CDK, Stathis PA, Tokes LG, Feldman D (1986) Unexpected presence of estrogens in culture medium supplements: subsequent metabolism by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Endocrinology 119: 1362–1369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller D, Jaffe LF (1965) A quantitative study of cellular rheotropism. Biophys J 5:317–335

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muthukumar G, Lenard J (1991) A pro-insulin-like pseudogene from Neurospora crassa. Mol Cell Endocrinol 82:275–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson RR (1971) Hormonal involvement in sexual reproduction in the fungi with special reference to F-2, a fungal estrogen. In: Akai S, Ouchi S (eds) Morphological and biochemical events in the plant-parasite interaction. The Phytopathological Society of Japan, Tokyo, pp 181–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Nes WD, Patterson GW, Bean GA (1980) Effect of steric and nuclear changes in steroids and triterpenoids in sexual reproduction in Phytophthora cactorum. Plant Physiol 66:1008–1011

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nutting WH, Rapoport H, Machlis L (1968) The structure of sirenin. J Am Chem Soc 90:6434–6438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plasencia J, Mirocha CJ (1990) Production of zearalenone sulphate by Fusarium spp. Phytopathology 80:1019

    Google Scholar 

  • Pommerville J (1981) The role of sexual pheromones in Allomyces. In: O’Day DH, Horgen PA (eds) Sexual interactions in eukaryotic microbes. Academic Press, New York, pp 53–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Pommerville J, Olsen LW (1987) Evidence for a male-produced pheromone in Allomyces macrogynus. Exp Mycol 11:245–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pommerville JC, Strickland JB, Romo D, Harding KE (1988) Effects of analogs of the fungal sex pheromone sirenin on male gamete motility in Allomyces macrogynus. Plant Physiol 88:139–142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell BL, Drutz DJ, Huppert M, Sun SH (1983) Relationship of progesterone- and estradiol-binding proteins in Coccidioides immitis to coccidioidal dissemination in pregnancy. Infect Immun 40:478–485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raper JR (1952) Chemical regulation of sexual processes in the thallophytes. Bot Rev 18:447–545

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson PM (1973) Autotropism in fungal spores and hyphae. Bot Rev 39:367–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakata K, Rickards RW (1980) Synthesis of homothallin II. In: Proc 23rd Symp Natural Products, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, pp 165–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddiq AA, Ingram DS, Johnstone K, Friend J, Ashby AM (1989) The control of asexual and sexual development by morphogens in fungal pathogens. Aspects Appl Biol 23:417–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens DA (1989) The interface of mycology and endocrinology. J Med Vet Mycol 27:133–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutter RP, Whitaker JP (1981) Zygophore-stimulating precursors (pheromones) of trisporic acids active in (—) Phycomyces blakesleeanus. J Biol Chem 256:2334–2341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutter RP, Zawodny PD (1984) Apotrisporin: a major metabolite of Blakeslea trispora. Exp Mycol 8:89–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uno I, Ishikawa T (1973) Purification and identification of fruiting-inducing substances in Coprinus macrorhizus. J Bacteriol 113:1240–1248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Ende H (1967) Sexual factor of the Mucorales. Nature 215:211–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Ende H (1984) Sexual interactions in the lower filamentous fungi. In: Linskens HF, Heslop-Harrison J (eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology, vol 17. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 333–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigfusson NV, Cano RJ (1974) Artificial induction of the sexual cycle in Neurospora crassa. Nature 249:383–385

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward HM (1888) A lily disease. Ann Bot 2:319–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windeis CE, Mirocha CJ, Abbas HK, Weiping X (1989) Perithecium production in Fusarium graminearum populations and lack of correlation with zearalenone production. Mycologia 81:272–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf JC, Mirocha CJ (1973) Regulation of sexual reproduction in Gibberella zeae (Fusarium roseum “Graminearum”) by F-2 (zearalenone). Can J Microbiol 19:725–734

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zickler H (1952) Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Askomyceten Bombardia lunata. Arch Protistenkd 98:1–71

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Marchial College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB9 1AS, UK

    G. W. Gooday

Authors
  1. G. W. Gooday
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, NL-9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands

    Joseph G. H. Wessels

  2. Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany

    Friedhelm Meinhardt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gooday, G.W. (1994). Hormones in Mycelial Fungi. In: Wessels, J.G.H., Meinhardt, F. (eds) Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality. The Mycota, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11908-2_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11908-2_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-11910-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-11908-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation