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Early Events Associated with Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster

  • Chapter
Genome Analysis in Eukaryotes

Abstract

Sex determination is the commitment of an embryo to either the female or the male developmental pathway. In Drosophila melanogaster, 2X;2A individuals (X,X chromosome; A, autosomal set) are females and XY;2A individuals (Y, Y chromosome) are males. A series of results led to the discovery that in Drosophila melanogaster sex is determined by the ratio of the X chromosomes to sets of autosomes (reviewed in Baker and Belote, 1983; Nöthiger and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1985). Firstly, XXY and XO flies are female and male, respectively. This indicates that the Y chromosome plays no role in sex determination. Secondly, gynandromorphs are sexually mosaic individuals with some portions of the body typically male and others typically female. Such individuals arise from the loss of an X chromosome during the early development of XX flies. The sharp borderline between female and male areas indicates that sex hormones do not control sexual development as a whole, but that each individual cell chooses its sex autonomously, according to its genotype. Thirdly, 2X;3A flies are mosaic individuals with male and female structures. Moreover, clones of cells with one X chromosome and one set of autosomes develop into female structures (Santamaria and Gans, 1980). This indicates that sex is not determined by the absolute number of X chromosomes but by the ratio of X chromosmes to sets of autosomes. In the 2X;3A sexual mosaics, the X:A ratio is at a threshold level between a normal female and a normal male signal. Some cells interpret this ambiguous signal as female while others interpret it as male.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Velázquez 144, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Lucas Sánchez, Pedro P. López & Begoña Granadino

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  2. Pedro P. López
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  1. Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, 700 073, Calcutta, India

    R. N. Chatterjee

  2. Cenrtro Dr Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Velázquez 144, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Lucas Sánchez

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Sánchez, L., López, P.P., Granadino, B. (1998). Early Events Associated with Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster . In: Chatterjee, R.N., Sánchez, L. (eds) Genome Analysis in Eukaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11829-0_5

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