Abstract
The carbides of uranium have aquired special importance as the main components of potential carbide nuclear fuels because of their high fissionable material density and good thermal conductivity. Uranium monocarbide is the main component in a possible carbide fuel for breeder reactors, e.g. (U0.8Pu0.2)C. Uranium dicarbide draws special interest as the major component in fuels for high temperature reactors, e.g. (U0.8Th0.2)C2. As a consequence of this great technological interest, in the last thirty years much research work has been done and most of it has been also published. The goal of this work was to increase the knowledge of the synthesis and properties of uranium carbide-containing systems. Many of these investigations, however, were carried out from a technical rather than a scientific viewpoint. Consequently, impurities that were difficult to eliminate, such as oxygen and nitrogen, influenced and often caused considerable contradictions in the results. In general, because of the political and economic difficulties with advanced nuclear reactors, interest in carbide fuels has decreased in the last ten years and almost all of the effort has been concentrated on oxide fuels.
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References
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R. Chang (Phys. Chem. Ceram. Proc. Symp., University Park, Pa., 1962 [1963], pp. 275/85; C.A. 61 [1964] 411).
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M. S. Seltzer, T. R. Wright, D. P. Moak (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 58 [1975] 138/42).
M. S. Seltzer, J. S. Perrin, A. H. Clauer, B. A. Wilcox (Reactor Technol. 14 [1971] 99/135; BMI-1906 [1971] 1/72; N.S.A. 25 [1971] No. 49566).
J. L. Routbort, R. N. Singh (J. Nucl. Mater. 58 [1975] 78/114).
D. E. Stellrecht, D. P. Moak (BMI-1886 [1974] B94/B98; N.S.A. 25 [1971] No. 6889).
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R. W. Endebrock (BMI-1598 [1962] 47/8; N.S.A. 17 [1963] No. 5575).
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L. M. Fitzgerald (J. Less-Common Metals 5 [1963] 356/64).
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A. Accary, P. Magnier, M. Marchai (Rev. Intern. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 3 [1966] 59/77).
P. Magnier, M. Marchai, A. Accary (Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 7 [1967] 141/58).
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J. L. Routbort (J. Nucl. Mater. 44 [1972] 24/30).
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Y. Guerin, B. Amice, C. H. de Novion, J. M. Lefebvre (J. Nucl. Mater. 58 [1975] 1/10).
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D. E. Stellrecht, D. P. Moak (BMI-1870 [1969] 1/182, 164/73; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 1062 ).
J. Gittus (Creep, Viscoelasticity and Creep Fracture in Solids, Appl. Sci. Publ., Barking, Engl., 1975, pp. 166/8).
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T. R. Wright, M. S. Seltzer (N-74–27177 [1974] 1/100; N.S.A. 31 [1975] No$123159; C.A. 83 [1975] No. 1385 09 ).
J. Crane, E. Gordon (UNC-5080 [1964] 1/80; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39828).
K. M. Taylor, C. H. McMurtry (ORO-400 [1960] 1/94; N.S.A. 15 [1961] No. 27510).
J. Crane, E. Gordon (Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 7 [1964] 100 ).
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A. I. Dedjurin, L. I. Gomozov, V. K. Grigorovich, O. S. Ivanov (Fiz. Khim. Splavov Tugoplavkikh Soedin. Toriem Uranom 1968 165/75; C.A. 71 [1969] No. 52906 in: O S. Ivanov, Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Jerusalem 1972, pp. 193/203).
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Hj. Matzke, J. L. Routbort, H. A. Tasman (J. Appl. Phys. 45 [1974] 5187/95).
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P. S. Maiya, J. L. Routbort (J. Mater. Sci. 7 [1972] 609/14).
A. B. Lidiard (Phil. Mag. [8] 5 [1960]1171/80).
R. E. Howard, J. R. Manning (Phys. Rev. [2] 154 [1967] 561/8).
Hj. Matzke, J. R. Routbort, S. Jupe (J. Less-Common Metals 40 [1975] 156/60).
J. L. Routbort, Hj. Matzke (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 58 [1975] 81/4).
M. G. Nicholas, E. N. Hodkin (J. Nucl. Mater. 38 [1971] 234/5).
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T. C. Wallace, W. G. Witteman, C. L. Radosevich, M. G. Bowman (LA-DC-8840 [1968] 1/45; CONF-680603–2 [1968] 1/45; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 38623).
S. Sarian (J. Nucl. Mater. 49 [1973] 291/8).
G. E. Murch (J. Nucl. Mater. 55 [1975] 355/6).
W. Schüfe, P. Spindler (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 20/9).
A. Auskern, Y. Osawa (J. Nucf. Mater. 6 [1962] 334/5).
R. Lindner, Hj. Matzke (Z. Naturforsch. 14a [1959] 1074/7).
H. Shaked, D. R. Olander, T. H. Pigford (Nucl. Sci. Eng. 29 [1967] 122/30).
Hj. Matzke, F. Springer (Radiat. Eff. 2 [1969] 11/8).
F. W. Felix, H. Seelig (Nukleonik 9 [1967] 389/92).
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B. H. Blott, B. J. Hopkins (Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 16 [1965] 1215/6).
G. A. Haas, J. T. Jensen (J. Appl. Phys. 31 [1960] 1231/3).
G. A. Haas, J. T. Jensen (J. Appl. Phys. 34 [1963] 3451/7).
F. P. Cranston, J. W. Barger (LADC-5128 [1960] 1/17; N.S.A. 17 [1963] No. 16783).
Y. Makino, P. Son, M. Miyake, T. Sano (J. Nucl. Mater. 49 [1973] 225/31).
J. L. Routbort, Hj. Matzke (Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 19 [1974] 100/1).
Hj. Matzke, C. Politis (Reaktortagung, Berlin 1974, Tagungsber., pp. 269/72).
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H. J. Hirsch (Diss. Univ. Braunschweig, FRG, 1970 ).
Hj. Matzke (J. Nucl. Mater. 52 [1974] 85/8).
J. L. Routbort, Hj. Matzke (J. Nucl. Mater. 54 [1974] 1/8).
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G. E. Murch (J. Nucl. Mater. 57 [1975] 239/42).
G. E. Murch (J. Nucl. Mater. 58 [1975] 244/5).
S. Sarian (J. Nucl. Mater. 54 [1974] 151/4).
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C. R. A. Catlow (J. Nucl. Mater. 60 [1976] 151/7).
L. C. Harrington (CNLM-4318 [1962]).
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S. Fujishiro, N. A. Gokcen (J. Electrochem. Soc. 109 [1962] 835/8).
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F. Tehranian [LBL-15982 [1983] 1/201; INIS Atomindex 15 [1984] No. 001995).
E. Erben (Metall 27 [1973] 693/5).
E. J. Huber, C. E. Holley (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1962, pp. 549/60).
W. J. Deiss, H. Michaud, G. Antelme (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1962, pp. 625/44).
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C. H. de Novion (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp. 877/92).
Hj. Matzke, M. H. Bradbury (EUR-5906-e [1978] 1/111; INIS Atomindex 10 [1979] No. 423257).
H. M. Lee, L. R. Barrett (Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 7 [1967] 159/76).
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R. Colella, D. Dragone, A. Merlini (Phys. Status Solidi 36 [1969] 135/42).
S. G. Nelson, J. A. Berger, E. L. Foster (Trans. 6th Vac. Met. Conf., New York 1963 [1964], pp. 148/66).
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Hj. Matzke (J. Less-Common Metals 121 [1986] 537/64).
P. Son, T. Sano (J. Nucl. Mater. 54 [1974] 146/50).
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G. Gigli, M. Guido, G. de Maria (J. Nucl. Mater. 98 [1981] 35/46).
E. L. Slaggie (GA-8675 [1968] 1/19; N.S.A. 23 [1969] No. 23241).
R. R. Reeber (Phys. Status Solidi A 26 [1974] 253/60).
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K. M. Taylor, C. H. McMurtry (ORO-400 [1961] 1/94; N.S.A. 15 [1961] No. 27510).
P. A. Rice, R. E. Balzhiser, D.V. Ragone (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1962, pp. 331/42).
P. A. Vozzella, M. A. De Crescente (PWAC-478 [1965] 1/21; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 4395).
F. A. Rough, W. Chubb (BMI-1488 [1960] 1/64; N.S.A. 14 [1961] No. 7680).
B. J. Hopkins, K. J. Ross, B. H. Slott (Advan. Energy Convers. 3 [1963] 265/71).
S. K. Gupta, K. A. Gingerich (J. Chem. Phys. 71 [1979] 3072/80).
N. Sasaki, K. Kubo, M. Asano (J. Chem. Phys. 59 [1973] 4567/8).
J. T. Sobon, A. D. Miller, M. A. De Crescente (CNLM-5621 [1964] 1/22; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 34120).
T. Iseki, T. Hase, H. Suzuki (Bull. Tokyo Inst. Technol. 116 [1973] 91/5).
H. Matsui, K. Sakanishi, T. Kirihara (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 10 [1973] 512/5).
K. H. Osthagen, A. A. Bauer (BMI-1686 [1964] 1/18; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39893).
R. L. Ritzman, R. B. Price, D. L. Morrison (Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 12 [1969] 79 ).
P. Vitlaine (CEA-R-3436 [1968] 1/64; N.S.A. 23 [1969] No. 12409).
P. Vitlaine, J. F. Marin (Compt. Rend. C 262 [1966] 1660/3).
S. Takeuchi, T. Homma, T. Satow (Trans. Japan Inst. Metals 5 [1964] 111/5).
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K. F. Bainton (Advan. Energy Convers. 3 [1963] 273/7).
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Hj. Matzke (Solid State Commun. 7 [1969] 549/52).
R. Schroerschwarz, R. Lindner (Radiochim. Acta 6 [1966] 190/2).
C. I. Terekhov, O. S. Ivanov, P. N. Karnaushkin (Teor. Eksp. Metody Issled. Diagramm Sostoyaniya Metal. Sist. Dokl. Soveshch., Moscow 1967 [1969], pp. 199/205).
B. N. Oscherin (Phys. Metals Metallog. [USSR] 29 No. 2 [1970] 77/81).
P. Himmelstein, H. Kroll, B. Liebmann, L. Schaefer (EURAEC-1066 [1964] 1/21; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 32065).
M. Asano, K. Kubo, N. Sasaki (Kyoto Daigaku Genshi Enerugi Kenkyusho Iho 46 [1975] 34 ).
M. Asano, K. Kubo, N. Sasaki (Kyoto Daigaku Genshi Enerugi Kenkyusho Iho 51 [1977] 39; C.A. 87 [1977] No. 106975).
Y. Bertaud (CEA-R-4227 [1971] 1/61; N.S.A. 26 [1972] No. 20678; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 93106).
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P. Schmeling (EUR-1752-e [1964] 1/12; N.S.A. 19 [1965] No. 14082).
A. Brenner, F. Felix, T. Lagerwall, H. Migge, A. Richter, P. Schmeling, K. E. Zimen (EURAEC-1006 [1964 ]; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 36050).
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J. Barta, G. Briggs, J. White (J. Nucl. Mater. 4 [1961] 322/4).
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P. Hofmann (KFK-1831 [1974] 78/117).
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E. A. Rough, W. Chubb (BMI-1441 [1960] 1/102; N.S.A. 14 [1960] No. 18107).
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A. Strasser, D. Stahl (UNC-5134-Vol. 1 [1965] 1/117; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 27416).
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K. A. Peakall, J. E. Antill (AERE-R-3844 [1961] 1/9; J. Less-Common Metals 4 [1962] 426/35; N.S.A. 16 [1962] No. 32994).
A. E. Austin, A. F. Gerds (BMI-1272 [1958] 1/20; N.S.A. 12 [1958] No. 12404).
J. Williams, R. A. Sunbelt (J. Less-Common Metals 1 [1959] 217/26).
L. A. Hanson (NAA-SR-8388 [1963] 1/37; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 204).
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J. Besson, P. Blum, J. Spitz (Compt. Rend. 256 [1963] 681/3).
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R. J. L. Andon, J. F. Counsell, J. F. Martin, H. J. Hedger (Trans. Faraday Soc. 60 [1964] 1030/7).
J. D. Farr, W. G. Witteman, P. L. Stone, E. F. Westrum (Advan. Thermophys. Prop. Extreme Temp. Pressures Papers 3rd Symp. Thermophys. Prop., Lafayette, Ind., 1965, pp. 162/6).
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A. C. MacLeod (J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 31 [1969] 715/25).
F. L. Oetting, J. D. Navratil, E. K. Storms (J. Nucl. Mater. 45 [1973] 271/83).
L. S. Levinson (J. Chem. Phys. 38 [1963] 2105/6).
E. K. Storms (The Refractory Carbides, Academic, New York 1967, pp. 171/213).
J. M. Leitnaker, T. G. Godfrey (J. Nucl. Mater. 21 [1967] 175/89).
J. L. Cook (ORNL-TM-1188 [1965] 1/200; Diss. Univ. Tennessee 1965, pp. 1/200; N.S.A. 19 [1965] No. 44696).
E. A. Harper, H. J. Hedger, J. T. Dalton (Nature 219 [1968] 151 ).
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E. J. Huber, C. E. Holley (J. Chem. Thermodyn. 1 [1969] 267/72).
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L. N. Grossman (GEST–2015 [1963] 1/31; CONF–50–6 [1963]; AED–CONF–63–046–11 [1963 ]; Am. Ceram. Soc. 65th Ann. Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1963 ).
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J. H. Norman, P. Winchell (J. Phys. Chem. 68 [1964] 3802/5).
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H. K. Lonsdale, J. N. Graves (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1962, pp. 601/23).
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A. Accary, P. Magnier, M. Marchai (Rev. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 3 [1966] 59/77).
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A. L. Bowman, G. P. Arnold, W. G. Witteman, T. C. Wallace (J. Nucl. Mater. 19 [1966] 111/2).
F. A. Rough, W. Chubb (BMI-1554 [1961] 1/58; N.S.A. 16 [1962] No. 4961).
K. H. Osthagen, A. A. Bauer (BMI-1686 [1964] 1/18; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39893).
A. Pattoret (Bull. Soc. Franc. Céram. 77 [1967] 75/90).
T. C. Wallace, W. G. Witteman, C. L. Radosevich, M. G. Bowman (LA-DC-8840 [1968] 1/45).
H. Suzuki, S. Kimura (Bull. Tokyo Inst. Technol. No. 69 [1965] 49/54).
L. R. Zumwalt, P. E. Gethard, E. E. Anderson (GA-4267 [1963] 1/36; CONF-39–2 [1963 ]; Am. Nucl. Soc. Ann. Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, 1963 ).
R. P. Tye, M. J. Woodman (Carbon 4 [1966] 167/76).
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M. Asano, K. Kubo, N. Sasaki (Bull. Inst. At. Energy Kyoto 46 [1975] 34 ).
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L. D. Loch, J. R. Gambino, W. H. Duckworth (Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J. 2 [1956] 195/8).
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L. N. Grossman (GEST-2015 [1963] 1/31).
F. A. Rough, W. Chubb (BMI-1554 [1961] 1/58; N.S.A. 16 [1963] No. 4961).
S. C. Carniglia (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 403/28).
W. B. Lewis, S. W. Rabideau, N. H. Krikorian, W. G. Witteman (Phys. Rev. 170 [1968] 455/62).
H. Matsui, M. Tamaki, S. Nasu, T. Kurasawa (J. Phys. Chem. Solids 41 [1980] 351/5).
M. C. Krupka (Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 48 [1969] 1133/6).
M. Atoji (J. Chem. Phys. 47 [1967] 1188/9).
W. Trzebiatowski, R. Troô, J. Leciejewicz (Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim. 10 [1962] 395/8).
L. F. Bates, P. B. Unstead (Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 15 [1964] 543/9).
H. Matsui (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 9 [1972] 185/6).
H. H. Hill (Nucl. Met. 17 [1970] 2/19).
B. T. Matthias (J. Phys. Colloq. [Paris] 32 [1971] Cl-607/Cl-608).
B. T. Matthias, C. W. Chu, E. Corenzwit, D. Wohlleben (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 64 [1969] 459/61).
H. Matsui (personal communication 1985).
R. De Coninck, R. De Batist, A. Gijs (High Temp.-High Pressures 8 [1976] 167/76).
R. P. Tye, M. J. Woodman (Carbon 4 [1966] 167/76).
M. Janes (TID-7589 [1960] 34/51; N.S.A. 14 [1960] No. 18118).
References for 14.2.1
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
H. Holleck (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1974 [1975 ], Vol. 2, pp. 213/64).
H. Holleck (Binäre und Ternäre Carbid-und Nitridsysteme der Übergangsmetalle, Borntraeger, Berlin 1984, pp. 68/115).
H. Notleck (J. Nucl. Mater. 124 [1984] 129/46).
H. Holleck (KFK-1726 [1972] 1/29; N.S.A. 28 [1973] No. 3027).
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H. Vaugoyeau (CEA-R-3881 [1969] 1/23; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 10078).
M. D. Burdick, H. S. Parker, R. S. Roth, E. L. McGandy (J. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. U.S. 54 [1955] 217/29).
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E. P. Roth (SAND-80–0494C [1980] 1/28; CONF-801102–20 [1980] 1/28; ASME Winter Ann. Meeting, Chicago, Ill., 1980, Paper 20, pp. 1/28; INIS Atomindex 12 [1981] No. 577394).
R. H. Marion, W. A. Muenzer (SAND-78–0227C [1978] 1/5; CONF-780622–13 [1978] 1/5; Am. Nucl. Soc. Ann. Meeting, San Diego, Cal., 1978, Paper 13, pp. 1/5; INIS Atomindex 10 [1977] No. 438101).
M. PeatfieLd, N. H. Brett, P. E. Potter (J. Nucl. Mater. 89 [1980] 35/40).
V. Cirilli, C. Brisi (Atti Acad. Sci. Torino, Classe Sci. Fiz. 94 [1960] 424/31).
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A. R. Kaufmann, J. L. Klein (NMI-2125 [1964] 1/62; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 18293).
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H. R. Haines, P. E. Potter (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1974 [1975 ], Vol. 2, pp. 145/73).
H. Holleck, W. Wagner (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 667/81; KFK-643 [1967] 1/28; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 21700).
H. Notleck (KFK-1111 [1969] 1/399; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 17226).
H. Hofleck, H. Kleykamp, F. Thümmler (Reaktortagung, Bonn 1971, Tagungsber., pp. 582/5).
H. Holleck, E. Smailos (Behay. Chem. State Irradiat. Ceram. Fuels Proc. Panel, Vienna 1972 [1974], pp. 361/78; C.A. 82 [1975] No. 78282).
E. Smailos (KFK-1953 [1974] 1/165; C.A. 81 [1974] No. 144501).
H. R. Haines, P. E. Potter (AERE-R-6513 [1970]).
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W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (BMI-1685 [1964] 1/40; C.A. 62 [1965] 2459 ).
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H. Kleykamp (Reaktortagung, Hannover 1978, Tagungsber. pp. 660/3).
H. Holleck (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1974 [1975 ], Vol. 2, pp. 213/64).
References for 14.2.4.2.2
H. Notleck (Binäre und Ternäre Carbide und Nitride der Übergangsmetalle, Borntraeger, Berlin 1984, pp. 68/115).
H. Nowotny, R. Kieffer, F. Benesovsky, E. Laube (Planseeber. Pulvermet. 5 [1957] 102/3).
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M. Osaki, N. Ouata, T. Kirihara (Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi 37 [1973] 100/3).
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References for 14.2.4.2.3
F. Benesovsky, E. Rudy (Monatsh. Chem. 92 [1961] 1176/83).
N. A. Hill, O. B. Lavin (ORNL-3670 [1964] 174/200, 192; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 44054).
E. S. Bomar, R. J. Gray (Nucl. Met. 10 [1964] 703/28).
A. B. Auskern, S. Aronson (J. Nucl. Mater. 29 [1969] 345/8).
L. F. Bates, P. B. Unstead (Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 15 [1964] 543/9).
M. S. Farkas, A. A. Bauer, R. F. Dickerson (BMI-1568 [1962] 1/20; N.S.A. 16 [1962] No. 12651).
N. M. Griesenauer, M. S. Farkas, F. A. Rough (BMI-1680 [1964] 1/33; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 35925).
J. B. Harness, J. C. Matthews, N. Morton (Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 15 [1964] 963/6).
M. Osaki, N. Obata, T. Kirihara (J. Japan Inst. Metals 37 [1973] 100/3).
J. Henney, J. W. S. Jones (Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 65 [1966] 613/26).
N. A. Hill, O. B. Lavin (ORNL-3668 [1964] 1/21; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39907).
J. L. Cook, O. B. Lavin, W. R. Miller, L. H. Thacker, R. E. Meadows (ORNL-3807 [1965] 3/79, 27/33; N.S.A. 19 [1965] No. 36959).
J. L. Cook (ORNL-TM-1188 [1965] 1/200; N.S.A. 19 [1965] No. 44696).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, V. V. Gundorov, A. N. Kobylkin (in: O. S. Ivanov, Fiziko-Khimiya Splavov i Tugoplavkikh Svedinenii s Toriem i Uranom, Nauka, Moscow 1968, pp. 1/233; Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Sci. Trans., Jerusalem 1972, pp. 186/92).
S. Langer, P. K. Gantzel, N. L. Baldwin (Inorg. Chem. 5 [1966] 2031/40).
References for 14.2.4.3
A. A. Ivanov, V. S. Belevantsev, Z. F. Evkina, V. A. Zelyanin, S. N. Bashlykov (At. Energ. SSSR 44 [1978] 170/1; Soviet At. Energy 44 [1978] 181/2).
S. A. Balankin, V. S. Belevantsev, A. S. Bubnov, V. A. Zelyanin, R. B. Kotelnikov, D. M. Skorov (At. Energ. SSSR 48 [1980] 49/50; Soviet At. Energy 48 [1980] 68/9).
S. A. Balankin, V. S. Belevantsev, I. I. Bykov, V. A. Zelyanin, R. B. Kotelnikov, D. M. Skorov, V. A. Yartsev (At. Energ. SSSR 51 [1981] 52/3; Soviet At. Energy 51 [1981]469/70).
N. Lorenzelli (CEA-R-4465 [1973] 1/126; N.S.A. 28 [1973] No. 24932; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 65839).
N. Lorenzelli, J. P. Marcon (J. Nucl. Mater. 44 [1972] 57/63).
References for 14.2.5
F. Benesovsky, E. Rudy (Planseeber. Pulvermet. 9 [1961] 65/76).
E. Rudy, F. Benesovsky (Monatsh. Chem. 94 [1963] 204/24).
T. Sano, K. Yamamoto, K. Watanabe (from [5]).
E. Rudy, H. Nowotny, F. Benesovsky, R. Kieffer, A. Necket (Monatsh. Chem. 91 [1960] 176/87).
H. Nickel, O. Inanc, K. Lücke (J. Nucl. Mater. 28 [1968] 79/92).
E. Rudy (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1962, pp. 243/70).
E. Rudy (Z. Metallk. 54 [1963] 213/23).
J. P. Tosdale (IS-T-219 [1967] 1/100; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 15208).
L. D. Brownlee (J. Inst. Metals 87 [1958/59] 58/61).
L. D. Brownlee (J. Brit. Nucl. Energy Conf. 4 [1959] 35/8).
C. A. Milet (CEA-R-3656 [1968] 1/77; N.S.A. 23 [1969] No. 17392).
R. Boucher, P. Barthelemy, C. Milet (Mem. Sci. Rev. Mét. 53 [1966] 543/54).
L. N. Grossman (GEST-2015 [1963] 1/31; N.S.A. 17 [1963] No. 30970).
L. D. Tatro, L. W. Miller (LAMS-2965 [1963] 1/15; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 4245).
S. Bocker (CEA-R-3765 [1969] 1/65; N.S.A. 23 [1969] No. 27144; CEA-R-3765-II [1970] 1/114; Diss. Univ. Paris 1970, pp. 1/114; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 36963).
R. A. Andrievskii, V. N. Zagryazkin, R. A. Liutikov (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 449/56; LA-4211-TR [1970] 1/6; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 14894).
S. Bocker, R. Boucher (J. Nucl. Mater. 33 [1969] 30/9).
C. P. Kempter, R. G. Merryman (J. Chem. Phys. 43 [1965] 1736/8).
R. W. Pidd, G. M. Grover, D. J. Roehling, E. W. Salmi, J. D. Farr, N. H. Krikorian, W. G. Witteman (J. Appl. Phys. 30 [1959] 1575/8).
W. E. Danforth, A. J. Williams (J. Appl. Phys. 32 [1961] 1181/2).
B. G. Arabei, Y. V. Levinskii, Y. M. Markov, K. I. Portnoi (At. Energiya SSSR 44 [1978] 256/8; Soviet At. Energy 44 [1978] 288/90).
G. B. Fedorov, V. N. Gusev, V. N. Zagryazkin, E. A. Smirnov (At. Energiya SSSR 35 [1973] 267/9; Soviet At. Energy 35 [1973] 928/31).
G. B. Fedorov, V. N. Gusev, E. A. Smirnov, G. I. Sotovev, S. S. Yankulev (At. Energiya SSSR 33 [1972] 584/6; Soviet At. Energy 33 [1972] 676/8).
D. P. Moak, S. G. Nelson, E. L. Foster, D. L. Keller (BMI-1732 [1965]).
T. L. Matskevich, A. P. Kazantsev, T. V. Krachino (Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 32 [1962] 1266/74; Soviet Phys.-Tech. Phys. 7 [1963] 934/40).
J. Adam, J. W. Harrison, J. C. Rivière, T. Thorpe (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 2, pp. 801/15).
K. F. Bainton (Advan. Energy Conversion 3 [1963] 273/7).
G. A. Haas, J. T. Jensen (J. Appt. Phys. 34 [1963] 3451/7).
T. L. Matskevich, T. V. Krachino, A. P. Kazantsev, L. S. Markova (Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 34 [1964] 2021/7; Soviet Phys.-Tech. Phys. 9 [1965] 1554/9).
V. G. Botshov (Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 36 [1966] 331/7; Soviet Phys.-Tech. Phys. 11 [1966] 239/44).
L. I. Gomozov, I. S. Akhmedzyanov (At. Energiya SSSR 48 [1980] 399/400; Soviet At. Energy 48 [1980] 413/5).
G. I. Terekhov, O. S. Ivanov, P. N. Karnaushkin (Teor. Eksperim. Metody Issted. Diagramm Sostovaniya Metal. Sist. Dokt. Soveshch., Moscow 1967 [1969], pp. 199/205).
R. H. Abrams, F. E. Jamerson (J. Appt. Phys. 32 [1961] 1783/4).
G. C. Kuczynski (J. Appt. Phys. 31 [1960] 1500/1).
E. W. Salmi (J. Electrochem. Soc. 107 [1960] 1013/5).
E. A. Kmetko (Phys. Rev. [2] 116 [1959] 895/6).
L. I. Gomozov, N. A. Evstyuchin, A. I. Dedjurin, A. L. Udovskii (Met. Metalloved. Chist. Metal. No. 10 [1973] 130/3).
J. H. Ingold, E. Blue, W. J. Ozeroff (Advan. Energy Conversion 2 [1962] 363/73).
E. K. Storms, J. Griffin (High Temp. Sci. 5 [1973] 423/37).
L. Yang, A. F. Weinberg, F. D. Carpenter, R. G. Hudson, C. W. Savery, D. E. Johnson, J. Lindgren (GA-3866 [1962] 1/92; N.S.A. 17 [1963] No. 16516).
A. F. Weinberg, R. G. Hudson, L. Yang, F. D. Carpenter (GA-3523 [1962] 1/160; N.S.A. 17 [1963] No. 5677).
L. Yang, R. G. Hudson, F. D. Carpenter (Met. Soc. Conf. Proc. 42 [1968] 481/99).
L. Yang, D. L. Bosseau, F. D. Carpenter, N. Elsner, W. W. Godsin, M. H. Horner, R. G. Hudson, J. R. Lindgren, J. T. Ream, R. C. Weed, A. F. Weinberg, W. B. Wright (GA4769-Pt. I [1964] 1/371; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 35929).
M. Hoch, M. G. Hapase, S. Yamauchi (J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 [1971] 1503/6).
M. Hoch, S. Yamauchi (J. Electrochem. Soc. 119 [1972] 970/2).
M. Hoch, C. K. Jun, S. Yamauchi (Met. Chem. Proc. Symp., Uxbridge and Teddington, Engl., 1971 [1972], pp. 313/22; C.A. 82 [1975] No. 92360).
N. A. Evstyuchin, G. I. Solovev (Met. Metalloved. Chist. Metal. No. 9 [1971] 74/9).
M. S. Seltzer, T. R. Wright, D. P. Moak (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 58 [1975] 138/42).
M. S. Seltzer, T. R. Wright, E. O. Speidel (J. Nucl. Mater. 55 [1975] 327/34).
L. I. Gomozov, A. I. Dedjurin, S. G. Titov, O. S. Ivanov (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp. 915/34).
Z. M. Alexeyeva (in: O. S. Ivanov, Fiziko-Khimiya Splavov i Tugoplavkikh Soedinenii s Toriem i Uranom, Nauka, Moscow 1968, pp. 1/233; Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Sci. Trans., Jerusalem 1972, pp. 158/60).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
A. G. Fedorus, P. M. Marjuk (Vysokotemp. Neorg. Soedin. 1965 274/7):
B. S. Kulvarskaya, V. A. Grodko, B. N. Markaryan, I. M. Rubanovich (Radiotekhn. Elektron. [Minsk] No. 8 [1966] 706/9).
G. A. Meerson, R. B. Kotelnikov, S. N. Bashlikov, N. S. Gaevskaja (New Nucl. Mater. Incl. Non-Metal. Fuels Proc. Conf., Prague 1963, Vol. 2, pp. 19/32).
N. A. Evstyuchin, V. I. Knyazev, A. A. Kulbach, F. A. Rymashevskii (Met. Metalloved. Chistych Metal. No. 10 [1973] 133/7).
K. Whitehead, L. D. Brownlee (AERE-X-PR-2477 [1956] 1/11; N.S.A. 15 [1961] No. 25205).
W. Chubb, F. A. Rough (TID-7589 [1960] 1/94, 10; N.S.A. 14 [1960] No. 18118).
A. L. Bowman, N. H. Krikorian, N. G. Nereson (AIP [Am. Inst. Phys.] Conf. Proc. No. 3 [1971] 119/30).
H. Nowotny, R. Kieffer, F. Benesovsky, E. Laube (Monatsh. Chem. 88 [1957] 336/43).
C. F. Milet (CEA-R-3201 [1967] 1/44; N.S.A. 21 [1967] No. 28826).
F. Rough, W. Chubb (BMI-1441 [1960] 1/102; N.S.A. 14 [1960] No. 18107).
W. G. Witteman, J. M. Leitnaker, M. G. Bowman (LA-2159 [1958] 1/15; N.S.A. 12 [1958] No. 7208).
E. Rudy, F. Benesovsky (Monatsh. Chem. 94 [1963] 204/24).
T. Sano, Y. Yamamoto, K. Watanabe (Mitsubishi At. Power Ind. Inc. Abstr., Tokyo 1963 ).
N. H. Ksekorian, W. G. Witteman, M. G. Bowman (J. Electrochem. Soc. 110 [1963] 560/3).
F. Gorle, W. Timmermans, F. Casteefs, J. N. C. Van Geel, M. J. Brabers (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 481/96; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 31449; C.A. 69 [1968] No. 82996).
H. Holleck, W. Wagner (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 667/81; KFK-643 [1967] 1/28; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 21700).
V. E. Ivanov, T. Y. Badaleva (Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy, Geneva 1958, Vol. 6, pp. 139/55).
F. Benesovsky, E. Rudy (Metall 14 [1960] 875/8).
H. Holleck (Binäre und Ternäre Carbide und Nitride der Übergangsmetalle, Borntraeger, Berlin 1984, pp. 68/115).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, V. V. Gundorov, A. N. Kobylkin (in: O. S. Ivanov, Fiziko-Khimiya Splavov i Tugoplavkikh Soedinenii s Toriem i Uranom, Nauka, Moscow 1968, pp. 1/233; Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Sci. Trans., Jerusalem 1972, pp. 186/92).
P. A. Vozella, A. D. Miller, M. A. De Crescente (J. Chem. Phys. 49 [1968] 876/81).
P. A. Vozella, A. D. Miller, M. A. De Crescente (PWAC-378 [1962] 1/52; N.S.A. 17 [1963] No. 15955).
References for 14.2.6
E. Rudy, H. Nowotny, F. Benesovsky, R. Kieffer, A. Necket (Monatsh. Chem. 91 [1960] 176/87).
T. Nomura, A. Naoumidis, H. Nickel (JUEL–1432 [1977] 1/76; AED–CONF–77–364–015 [1977] 1/76; 5th Intern. Conf. Thermodyn., Ronneby, Swed., 1977; INIS Atomindex 9 [1978] No. 357372).
E. Rudy (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1962, pp. 243/70).
E. Rudy (Z. Metailk. 54 [1963] 213/23).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (BMI-1685 [1964] 1/41; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39892).
J. P. Tosdale (IS-T-219 [1967] 1/100; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 15208).
L. D. Brownlee (J. Inst. Metals 87 [1958/59] 58/61).
L. D. Brownlee (J. Brit. Nucl. Energy Conf. 4 [1959] 35/8).
J. J. Huet, F. Casteels, A. Cools, P. Diets, J. Dresselaers, R. Lecocq, J. Pelsmaekers, Ph. Van Asbroeck, J. Van Geel (Ceram. Nucl. Fuels Proc. Intern. Symp., Washington, D.C., 1969, pp. 138/46).
R. A. Andrievskii, V. N. Zagryazkin, R. A. Liutikov (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 449/56; LA-4211-TR [1970] 1/6; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 14894).
B. G. Arabei, Y. V. Levinskii, Y. M. Markov, K. I. Portnoi (At. Energiya SSSR 44 [1978] 256/8; Soviet At. Energy 44 [1978] 288/90).
D. P. Moak, S. G. Nelson, E. L. Foster, D. L. Keller (BMI-1732 [1965]).
N. J. Clark, R. Mountford, I. J. McColm (J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 34 [1972] 2729/38).
R. H. Abrams, F. E. Jamerson (J. Appt. Phys. 32 [1961] 1783/4).
T. L. Matskevich, T. V. Krachino, P. Kazantsev, L. S. Markova (Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 34 [1964] 2021/7; Soviet Phys.-Tech. Phys. 9 [1965] 1554/9).
T. L. Matskevich, T. V. Krachino (Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 32 [1962] 220/3; Soviet Phys.-Tech. Phys. 7 [1962] 156/8).
K. E. Spear, J. M. Leitnaker, T. B. Lindemer (High Temp. Sci. 2 [1970] 176/97).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
J. Pelsmaekers, W. Van Lierde, R. Lecocq (personal communication 1975 ).
F. A. Rough, W. Chubb (BMI-1488 [1960] 1/64; N.S.A. 15 [1961] No. 7680).
W. Chubb, R. F. Dickerson (Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 41 [1962] 564/9).
E. Rudy, F. Benesovsky (Monatsh. Chem. 94 [1963] 204/24).
J. T. Lowder, J. M. Fackelmann, R. A. Wullaert, E. O. Speidel, D. L. Keller (Proc. Thermion. Conversion Spec. Conf., Mountain View, Calif., 1967 [1968], pp. 152/7; TID-24229 [1968] 152/7).
W. Chubb, F. A. Rough (TID-7589 [1960] 1/94, 10; N.S.A. 14 [1960] No. 18118).
H. Holleck (Binäre und Ternäre Carbide und Nitride der Übergangsmetalle, Borntraeger, Berlin 1984, pp. 68/115).
H. Nowotny, R. Kieffer, F. Benesovsky, E. Laube (Monatsh. Chem. 88 [1957] 336/43).
F. A. Rough, W. Chubb (BMI-1441 [1960] 1/102; N.S.A. 14 [1960] No. 18107).
F. Benesovsky, E. Rudy (Planseeber. Pulvermet. 9 [1961] 65/76).
T. Sano, Y. Yamamoto, K. Watanabe (Mitsubishi At. Power Ind. Inc. Abstr., Tokyo 1963 ).
F. Gorle, W. Timmermans, F. Casteels, J. N. C. Van Geel, M. J. Brabers (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967, pp. 481/96; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 31442; C.A. 69 [1968] No. 82996).
R. B. Roof, J. J. Lombardo (Trans. AIME 212 [1958] 50/1).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engt., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 208/30).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (BMI-1686 [1964] 1/18; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39893).
J. D. Allinson (Rev. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 3 [1966] 255/9).
F. Benesovsky, E. Rudy (Meta ll 14 [1960] 875/8).
Yu. G. Godin, I. I. Suchkov, A. I. Evstyukhin (Met. Metalloved. Chist. Metal. No. 13 [1979] 77/84; Ref. Zh. Met. 1980 No. 5130; C.A. 93 [1980] No. 118666).
L. I. Gomozov, A. I. Dedjurin, S. G. Titov, O. S. Ivanov (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp. 915/34).
L. L Gomozov, I. S. Akhmedzyanov (At. Energiya SSSR 48 [1980] 399/400; Soviet At. Energy 48 [1980] 413/5).
V. E. Ivanov, T. Y. Badaleva (Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy, Geneva 1958, Vol. 6, pp. 139/55).
References for 14.2.7
J. Barta, G. Briggs, J. White (J. Nucl. Mater. 4 [1961] 322/4).
W. Chubb (J. Nucl. Mater. 23 [1967] 336/40).
H. Nowotny, R. Kieffer, F. Benesovsky, E. Laube (Monatsh. Chem. 89 [1958] 692/700).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (BMI-1685 [1964] 1/41; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39892).
E. Rudy (Proc. 4th Plansee Semin., Reutte/Tyrol, Austria, 1961 [1962], pp. 266/78).
E. Rudy (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1962, pp. 243/70).
G. Briggs, J. Barta, J. White (Proc. 4th Plansee Semin., Reutte/Tyrol, Austria, 1961 [1962], pp. 249/66).
E. Rudy, E. Rudy, F. Benesovsky (Monatsh. Chem. 93 [1962] 522/35).
E. Rudy, F. Benesovsky (Monatsh. Chem. 94 [1963] 85/93).
M. G. Naraine, H. B. Bell (J. Nucl. Mater. 49 [1973/74] 329/32).
R. Boucher, P. Barthelemy, C. Milet (Plutonium 1965 Proc. Conf., London 1965 [1967], pp. 485/509).
F. Anselin, P. Barthelemy (Bull. Soc. Franc. Minéral. Crist. 89 [1966] 132/3).
R. Boucher, P. Barthelemy, C. Milet (Mem. Sci. Rev. Mét. 53 [1966] 543/54).
D. T. Cromer, A. C. Larson, R. B. Roof (Acta Cryst. 17 [1964] 272/6).
H. Nowotny, R. Kieffer, F. Benesovsky, E. Laube (Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18 [1959] 35/44).
A. L. Bowman, G. P. Arnold, N. H. Krikorian (J. Appl. Phys. 41 [1970] 5080/1).
F. P. Cranston, J. W. Barger (LADC-5128 [1960] 1/17; N.S.A. 17 [1963] No. 16783; Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7 [1962] 70/1).
D. P. Moak, S. G. Nelson, E. L. Foster, D. L. Keller (BMI-1732 [1965]).
J. D. Farr, M. G. Bowman (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 184/91).
G. Briggs, S. K. Dutta, J. White (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 230/45).
J. D. Allinson (Rev. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 3 [1966] 255/9).
N. J. Clark, R. Mountford, I. J. McColm (J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 34 [1972] 2729/38).
G. Briggs, J. Guha, J. Barta, J. White (Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 62 [1963] 221/46).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (Str. Svoistva Splavov At. Energ. 1973 5/8; Ref. Zh. Teploenerg. 1973 No. 12U161; C.A. 81 [1974] No. 127886).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (Str. Svoistva Splavov At. Energ. 1973 19/26; Ref. Zh. Teploenerg. 1973 No. 12U165; C.A. 81 [1974] No. 128023).
M. Uchida, M. Ichikawa (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 8 [1971] 651/3).
M. Ugajin, J. Abe, M. Kirihara (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 12 [1975] 560/6).
M. Ugajin (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 12 [1975] 381/4).
M. Ugajin (JAERI-M-6804 [1976] 1/100; INIS Atomindex 8 [1977] No. 315114).
C. Politis (J. Nucl. Mater. 39 [1971] 258/64).
M. Ugajin, Y. Suzuki, J. Shimokawa (J. Nucl. Mater. 43 [1972] 277/92).
H. Tanaka, Y. Kishida, J. Moriyama (J. Japan Inst. Metals 37 [1973] 564/7).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1974 [1975 ], Vol. 2, pp. 175/84).
M. Ugajin, I. Takahashi (J. Nucl. Mater. 37 [1970] 303/13).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (in: O. S. Ivanov, Fiziko-Khimiya Splavov i Tugoplavkikh Soedinenii s Toriem i Uranom, Nauka, Moscow 1968, pp. 1/233; Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Sci. Trans., Jerusalem 1972, pp. 169/75).
E. O. Speidel, D. E. Kizer, D. L. Keller (BMI-1842 [1968] 1/70; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 36524).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (Thermodyn. Nuct. Mater. Proc. Symp., Jülich, FRG, 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 2, pp. 247/70).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, V. V. Gundorov, A. N. Kobylkin (in: O. S. Ivanov, Fiziko-Khimiya Splavov i Tugoplavkikh Soedinenii s Toriem i Uranom, Nauka, Moscow 1968, pp. 1/233; Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Sci. Trans., Jerusalem 1972, pp. 186/92).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
Y. Arai, T. Ohmichi, S. Fukushima, M. Handa (J. Nucl. Mater. 132 [1985] 284/7).
A. I. Evstyukhin, G. B. Fedorov, G. I. Solovev, E. A. Smirnov, F. I. Shomov, A. G. Zalushnii (Met. Metalloved. Chist. Metal. No. 5 [1966] 99/104).
G. Ervin (Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 50 [1971] 659/61).
W. Chubb, F. A. Rough (TID-7589 [1960] 10 ).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides Nuct. Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 208/30).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (BMI-1686 [1964] 1/18; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39893).
Anonymous (NAA-SR-11805 [1965] 1/147; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 22520).
A. I. Evstyukhin, G. B. Fedorov, G. I. Solovev, E. A. Smirnov, F. I. Zhomov, A. G. Zaluzhnyi (High Purity Metals and Alloys, Consultants, New York 1967, pp. 79/83; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 7065).
F. Benesovsky, E. Rudy (Metall 14 [1960] 875/8).
L. I. Gomozov, I. S. Akhmedzyanov (At. Energiya SSSR 48 [1980] 399/400; Soviet At. Energy 48 [1980] 413/5).
V. F. Funke, I. V. Pshenichnyi, L. A. Pliner, Y. D. Loktionov (Poroshkovaya Met. [Kiev] 1983 No. 2, pp. 41/7; Soviet Powder Met. Metal Ceram. 22 [1983] 110 ).
Y. Suzuki, K. Shiozawa, M. Handa (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 21 [1984] 608/13).
N. Lorenzelli (CEA-R-4465 [1973]; ANL-trans-979 [1975]).
References for 14.2.8
J. D. Farr, M. G. Bowman (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 184/91).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (BMI-1685 [1964] 1/41; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 39892).
W. Chubb, D. L. Keller (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 208/30).
N. J. Clark, R. Mountford, I. J. McColm (J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 34 [1972] 2729/38).
Z. M. Alexeyeva (J. Nucl. Mater. 49 [1973/74] 333/6; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 125679).
Z. M. Alexeyeva (J. Nucl. Mater. 56 [1975] 359/61).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1974 [1975 ], Vol. 2, pp. 175/84; C.A. 84 [1976] No. 50403).
Z. M. Alexeyeva (J. Nucl. Mater. 64 [1977] 303/7).
H. R. Haines, P. G. Mardon, P. E. Potter (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp$1233/44; C.A. 85 [1976] No. 84427 ).
H. R. Haines, P. E. Potter, M. H. Rand (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Jülich, FRG, 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 1, pp. 471/501).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (in: O. S. Ivanov, Fiziko-Khimiya Splavov i Tugoplavkikh Soedinenii s Toriem i Uranom, Nauka, Moscow 1968, pp. 1/233; Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Sci. Trans., Jerusalem 1972, pp. 176/ 85).
H. Hofleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
D. P. Moak, S. G. Nelson, E. L. Foster, D. L. Keller (BMI-1732 [1965]).
References for 14.2.9
P. Baldock, J. R. McLaren, H. J. Hedger, G. Briggs (J. Nucl. Mater. 5 [1962] 257/8).
N. J. Clark, R. Mountford, I. J. McColm (J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 34 [1972] 2729/38).
H. Holleck (J. Nuct. Mater. 28 [1968] 339/40).
J. Barta, G. Briggs, J. White (J. Nucl. Mater. 4 [1961] 322/4).
H. R. Haines, P. E. Potter (AERE-M-2037 [1968]).
N. Lorenzetti (CEA-R-4465 [1973] 1/126; N.S.A. 28 [1973] No. 24932; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 65839).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 35 [1970] 158/66).
G. Briggs, J. Barta, J. White (Proc. 4th Plansee Semin., Reutte/Tyrol, Austria, 1961 [1962], pp. 249/66).
H. Holleck (Monatsh. Chem. 102 [1971] 1699/708).
H. Holleck (KFK-1726 [1972] 1/29; N.S.A. 28 [1973] No. 3027; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 108276).
B. L. Eyre, A. F. Bartlett (Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 7 [1967] 127/40).
P. M. French, D. J. Hodkin (Plutonium 1965 Proc. Conf., London 1965 [1967], pp. 697/720).
H. R. Haines, P. E. Potter (Nature 221 [1969] 1238/9).
B. T. Matthias, C. W. Chu, E. Corenzwit, D. Wohlleben (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. [U.S.] 64 [1969] 459/61).
G. P. Meisner, A. L. Giorgi, A. C. Lawson, G. R. Stewart, J. O. Willis, M. S. Wire, J. L. Smith (Phys. Rev. Letters 53 [1984] 1829/32).
Z. Fisk, H. R. Ott, J. L. Smith (Physica B 130 [1985] 159/62).
A. L. Bowman, G. P. Arnold, N. H. Krikorian (J. Appt. Phys. 41 [1970] 5080/1).
J. D. Farr, M. G. Bowman (LADC-5907 [1963] 1/19; N.S.A. 18 [1964] No. 2222; CONF206–3 [1963/64] 184/91; in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol: 1, pp. 184/91).
J. L. Nichols, J. A. C. Marptes (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides Nucl. Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 246/60).
R. Paris, A. McLean-Elrick, J. M. Davies, P. M. French (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 2, pp. 777/800).
S. K. Gupta, K. A. Gingerich (J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II 9 [1978] 1851/6).
A. L. Bowman, G. P. Arnold, N. H. Krikorian, W. H. Zachariasen (Acta Cryst. B 27 [1971] 1067/8).
F. Anselin, D. Calais, G. Dean, A. Van Graeynest (Compt. Rend. 257 [1963] 3916/8).
H. R. Haines, P. E. Potter (AERE-R-6512 [1970]).
N. H. Krikorian, T. C. Wallace, M. C. Krupka, C. L. Radosevich (J. Nucl. Mater. 21 [1967] 236/8).
F. Anselin, D. Calais, J. C. Passefort (CEA-R-2845 [1965] 1/13; C.A. 64 [1966] No. 19114).
J. C. Passefort, F. Anselin, D. Calais (Sci. Ceram. 4 [1968] 421/57).
H. H. Hill (Nucl. Met. 17 [1970] 2/19).
B. T. Matthias (J. Phys. Colloq. [Paris] 32 [1971] C1–607/C1–608).
G. Briggs, J. Guha, J. Barta, J. White (Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 62 [1963] 221/46).
H. Tanaka, Y. Kishida, J. Moriyama (J. Japan Inst. Metals 37 [1973] 564/7).
M. G. Naraine, H. B. Belt (J. Nucl. Mater. 50 [1974] 83/90).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 45 [1972/73] 47/54).
H. Kleykamp (unpublished data 1985).
R. Kohlermann, W. Flurschütz (Proc. 2nd Intern. Powder Met. Conf., Eisenach, GDR, 1961 [1962], pp. 177/84).
M. H. Gerss, W. Jeitschko (Mater. Res. Bull. 21 [1986] 209/16).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
J. P. Guha (J. Nucl. Mater. 41 [1971] 187/94).
H. Notleck (J. Nucl. Mater. 42 [1972] 278/84).
Y. Arai, T. Ohmichi, S. Fukushima, M. Handa (J. Nuct. Mater. 132 [1985] 284/7).
H. Hofleck, H. Kleykamp, J. I. Franco (Z. Metallk. 66 [1975] 298/302).
M. Moser, P. Wachter, J. J. M. Franse, G. P. Meisner, E. Walker (LA-UR-85–3828 [1985] 1/11; CONF-850890–22 [1985] 1/11; Intern. Conf. Magn., San Francisco, Cal., 1985; INIS Atomindex 17 [1986] No. 031 212 ).
H. R. Haines, P. G. Mardon, P. E. Potter (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp$1233/44; C.A. 85 [1976] No. 84427 ).
H. R. Haines, P. E. Potter, M. H. Rand (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Jülich, FRG, 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 1, pp. 471/501; C.A. 94 [1980] No. 182331).
Z. M. Alexeyeva, O. S. Ivanov (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1974 [1975], Vol. 2, pp. 175/84; C.A. 84 [1976] No. 50403).
Z. M. Alexeyeva (J. Nucl. Mater. 49 [1974] 333/6; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 125679).
Z. M. Alexeyeva (J. Nucl. Mater. 64 [1977] 303/7).
Z. M. Alexeyeva (J. Nuct. Mater. 56 [1975] 359/61).
R. Pascard (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, p. 245 ).
S. K. Dutta, J. White (Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 7 [1967] 177/203).
H. Hofleck (Binäre und Ternäre Carbide und Nitride der Übergangsmetalle, Borntraeger, Berlin 1984, pp. 68/115).
H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 47 [1973] 271/7).
J. I. Bramman, R. M. Sharpe, R. Dixon (J. Nucl. Mater. 38 [1971] 226/9).
K. Kummerer, F. Thuemmler (KFK-1111 [1969] 1/399; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 17226).
H. Hofleck (J. Nucl. Mater. 66 [1977] 273/82).
G. Briggs, S. K. Dutta, J. White (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 231/45; C.A. 62 [1965] 14128).
E. C. Beahm, C. A. Culpepper (CONF-761 103–9 [1976] 1/14; INIS Atomindex 8 [1977] No. 318723).
E. C. Beahm, C. A. Culpepper (Nucl. Technol. 35 [1977] 173/7).
References for 14.4.1
J. L. Henry, D. L. Paulson, R. Blickensderfer, H. J. Kelly (BM-RI-6968 [1967] 1/48; N.S.A 21 [1967] No. 28835).
F. Anselin, G. Dean, R. Lorenzelli, R. Pascard (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 113/61).
N. H. Brett, E. A. Harper, H. J. Hedger, J. S. Pottinger (in: L.E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 162/83).
J. Besson, P. L. Blum, J. P. Morlevat (Compt. Rend. 260 [1964] 3390/2).
P. L. Blum, J. P. Morlevat (Compt. Rend. 258 [1964] 6151/3).
C. B. Alcock, N. A. Javed, B. C. H. Steele (Bull. Soc. Franç. Céram. 77 [1967] 99/108).
J. P. Morlevat (CEA-R-2857 [1966] 1/59; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 25561).
B. C. H. Steele, N. A. Javed, C. B. Alcock (J. Nucl. Mater. 35 [1970] 1/13).
N. A. Javed (J. Nucl. Mater. 37 [1970] 353/4).
M. Boncoeur, A. Accary (J. Nucl. Mater. 25 [1968] 271/7).
J. Bazin, A. Accary (Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 8 [1967] 175/91).
P. Magnier, J. Trouvé, A. Accary (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 95/107).
D. A. Vaughan, C. W. Melton, A. F. Gerds (BMI-1175 [1957] 1/12; N.S.A. 11 [1957] No. 5825).
T. Sano, S. Imoto, S. Namba, M. Katsura (New Nucl. Mater. Incl. Non-Metal. Fuels Proc. Conf., Prague 1963, Vol. 1, pp. 429/46).
P. Chiotti, W. C. Robinson, M. Kanno (J. Less-Common Metals 10 [1966] 273/89).
R. F. Stoops, J. V. Hamme (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 47 [1964] 59/62).
P. E. Potter, K. E. Spear (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Intern. Symp., Jülich, FRG, 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 2, pp. 195/227).
P. E. Potter (J. Nucl. Mater 42 [1972] 1/22).
A. Piatoux, M. Dodé (J. Nucl. Mater. 56 [1975] 221/8).
A. Heiss (J. Nucl. Mater. 55 [1975] 201/23).
A. Pialoux, M. Dodé (Rev. Intern. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 2 [1971] 155/60).
A. Pialoux (Rev. Intern. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 11 [1974] 147/54).
A. Pialoux, M. Dodé (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 205 [1971/72] 415/27; N.S.A. 28 [1973] No. 18679).
P. E. Potter (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 201 [1971/72] 249/57).
P. E. Potter (AERE-R-6438 [1970/71]).
O. Knacke, J. Krahe, P. Müller (Z. Metallk. 58 [1967] 814/20).
References for 14.4.2
P. Magnier, J. Trouvé, A. Accary (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 95/107).
J. L. Henry, R. Blickensderfer, D. Paulson, J. L. Bates (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 53 [1970] 335/9).
M. Tetenbaum, P. D. Hunt (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 205 [1971/72] 255/8).
A. A. Larin, V. G. Vtasov (Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 17 [1972] 291/4; Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 17 [1972] 153/5).
References for 14.4.3
M. Boncoeur, A. Accary (J. Nucl. Mater. 25 [1968] 271/7).
R. F. Stoops, J. V. Hamme (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 47 [1964] 59/62).
P. L. Blum, J. P. Morlevat (Compt. Rend. 258 [1964] 6151/3).
J. Besson, P. L. Blum, J. P. Morlevat (Compt. Rend. 260 [1964] 3390/2).
F. Ansetin, G. Dean, R. Lorenzelli, R. Pascard (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 113/61).
N. H. Brett, E. A. Harper, H. J. Hedger, J. S. Pottinger (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 162/83).
S. Namba, S. Imoto, T. Sano (Nippon Genshivyoku Gakkaishi 6 [1964] 441/7).
IAEA (The U-C and Pu-C Systems, IAEA Tech. Rept. Ser. No. 14 [1963] 39 ).
P. E. Potter, K. E. Spear (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Jülich, FRG, 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 2, pp. 195/227).
J. L. Henry, D. L. Paulson, R. Blickensderfer, H. J. Kelly (BM-RI-6968 [1967] 1/48; N.S.A. 21 [1967] No. 28835).
A. D. Tevebaugh, P. E. Blackburn (ANL-7753 [1970] 120/2).
B. C. H. Steele, N. A. Javed, C. B. Alcock (J. Nucl. Mater. 35 [1970]1/13).
J. R. Piazza, M. J. Sinnott (J. Chem. Eng. Data 7 [1962] 451/7).
J. Bazin, A. Accary (Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 8 [1967] 175/91).
P. Chiotti, W. C. Robinson, M. Kanno (J. Less-Common Metals 10 [1966] 273/89).
J. F. A. Hennecke (BMBW-FB-K-71–18 [1971] 8/11).
J. F. A. Hennecke, H. L. Scherff (J. Nucl. Mater. 38 [1971] 285/91).
A. Heiss, M. Dodé (Rev. Intern. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 3 [1966] 245/51).
R. Ainsley, B. R. Harder, N. Hodge, R. G. Sowden, D. B. White, D. C. Wood (AERE-R4327 [1963]).
O. Heusler (Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 154 [1926] 353/74).
P. L. Blum, J. P. Morlevat (Rev. Intern. Hautes Temp. Réfractaires 3 [1966] 253/4).
R. Lorenz, H. L. Scherff, N. Toussaint (J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 31 [1969] 2381/90).
T. C. M. Pinay, N. W. Gregory (J. Phys. Chem. 70 [1966] 3140/5).
P. E. Potter (J. Nucl. Mater. 42 [1972] 1/22).
P. E. Potter (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 201 [1971/72] 249/57).
A. Heiss (J. Nucl. Mater. 55 [1975] 207/23).
A. Pialoux, M. Dodé (J. Nucl. Mater. 56 [1975] 221/8).
O. Knacke, J. Krahe, F. Müller (Z. Metallk. 58 [1967] 814/20).
P. Magnier, J. Trouvé, A. Accary (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 95/107).
C. B. Alcock, N. A. Javed, B. C. H. Steele (Bull. Soc. Franç. Céram. 77 [1967] 99/108).
P. E. Potter (AERE-R-6890 [1971]).
S. Namba, S. Imoto, T. Sano (Technol. Rept. Osaka Univ. 18 [1968] 91/104).
T. Sano, S. Imoto, S. Namba, M. Katsura (New Nucl. Mater. Incl. Non-Metal Fuels, Proc. Conf. Prague 1963, Vol. 1, pp. 429/46).
J. P. Morlevat (CEA-R-2857 [1966] 1/59; Diss. Univ. Grenoble, France, 1966, pp. 1/59; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 25561).
L. E. Russell (AERE-R-4330 [1963]).
V. S. Emelyanov, A. I. Evstyukhin, G. I. Solovev (Met. Metalloved. Chist. Metal. No. 8 [1969] 64/70).
J. L. Henry, R. Blickensderfer, D. Paulson, J. L. Bates (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 53 [1970] 335/9).
T. M. Besmann, T. B. Lindemer (J. Chem. Thermodyn. 14 [1982] 419/24).
T. M. Besmann (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66 [1983] 353/7).
J. L. Bates (Therm. Conduct. 7 [1967/68] 477/89; NBS-SP-302 [1967/68] 477/89).
J. L. Bates (BNWL-989 [1969] 1/45; BNWL-SA-1494 [1967] 1/25; CONF-671 114–1 [1967] 1/25; N.S.A. 23 [1969] No. 27162; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 4866).
L. B. Griffiths (Nature 193 [1962] 362 ).
A. A. Larin, V. G. Vlasov (Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 17 [1972] 291/4; Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 17 [1972] 153/5).
T. Ohmichi, T. Saito (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 8 [1971] 314/8).
R. F. Stoops, J. V. Hamme, G. S. Sheffield (NCSC-2663–19 [1964] 1/46; EURAEC-1531 [1964]1/46; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 9496).
G. G. Witt (IS-T-438 [1971] 1/89; N.S.A. 25 [1971] No. 32792).
B. A. Hayes, M. A. De Crescente (PWAC-480 [1965] 1/24; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 5893).
T. Ohmichi (JAERI-M-4519 [1971]).
J. Bazin, A. Accary (Bull. Soc. Franç. Céram. 77 [1967] 109/17).
M. Tetenbaum, P. D. Hunt (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 205 [1971/72] 255/8).
A. Pialoux, M. Dodé (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 205 [1971/72] 415/7).
M. G. Adamson (AERE-R-6897 [1972]).
M. Bober, H. Kleykamp, G. Schumacher (KFK-1275–2 [1975] 112.44/112.47).
References for 14.5.1
F. Anselin, G. Dean, R. Lorenzelli, R. Pascard (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engt., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 113/61).
R. Lorenzelli (CEA-R-3536 [1968] 1/71; ORNL-TR-3019 [1968] 1/71; N.S.A. 23 [1969] No. 18272).
A. E. Austin, A. F. Gerds (BMI-1272 [1958] 1/20; N.S.A. 12 [1978] No. 12404).
J. Williams, R. A. Sambell (J. Less-Common Metals 1 [1959] 217/26).
A. Naoumidis, H.-J. Stöcker (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 287/300).
J. M. Leitnaker (Thermodyn. Nuci. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 317/30).
T. Sano, M. Katsura, H. Kai (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 301/15).
F. Müller (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 331/6).
A. Naoumidis, M. Katsura, H. Nickel (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 205 [1971/72] 265/75).
Y. Ikeda, M. Tamaki, G. Matsumoto (J. Nucl. Mater. 59 [1976] 103/11).
J. M. Leitnaker, R. A. Potter, K. A. Spear, W. R. Laing (High Temp. Sci. 1 [1969] 389/400).
A. Naoumidis (J. Nucl. Mater. 34 [1970] 230/3).
M. Katsura, A. Naoumidis, H. Nickel (J. Nucl. Mater. 36 [1970] 169/79).
T. Nomura, M. Katsura, T. Sano, H. Kai (J. Nucl. Mater. 43 [1972] 234/44).
M. Katsura, T. Nomura (J. Nucl. Mater. 51 [1974] 63/8).
M. Katsura, M. Shohoji, T. Yato, T. Nomura, T. Sano (Thermodyn. 4th Symp., Vienna 1974 [1975 ], Vol. 2, Nucl, Mater Proc pp. 347/54).
E. H. P. Cordfunke (J. Nucl. Mater. 56 [1975] 319/26).
P. E. Potter, K. E. Spear (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 2, pp. 195/227). FRG, Jülich, Intern. Symp.
J. L. Henry, R. Blickensderfer (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 52 [1969] 534/9).
P. E. Potter (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden 1975 [1976], pp. 211/32).
J. Henney, N. A. Hill, D. T. Livey (Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 60 [1963] 955/73).
P. E. Potter (Paper Conf. Reactor Mater. Sci., Alushta, USSR, 1978 [private communication 1979]).
E. H. P. Cordfunke, W. Ouweltjes (J. Nucl. Mater. 79 [1979] 271/6).
M. Katsura, S. Imoto, T. Sano (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 1 [1964] 22/6).
H. Holleck (Binäre und Ternäre Carbid-und Nitridsysteme der Übergangsmetalle, Borntraeger, Berlin, 1984, pp. 247/9).
References for 14.5.2
T. Sano, M. Katsura, T. Nomura (J. Nucl. Mater. 51 [1974] 58/62).
M. Katsura, T. Yuki, T. Sano, Y. Sasaki (J. Nucl. Mater. 39 [1971] 125/32).
F. J. Herrmann (CEA-R-3398 [1968] 1/49; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 42649).
A. R. Beketov, V. G. Vlasov, V. A. Bezdenezhnykh, V. A. Talinin (At. Energ. [SSSR] 33 [1972] 916/7; Soviet. J. At. Energy 33 [1972] 1063/4).
R. Lorenzelli, A. Martin, R. Schickel (CEA-R-2997 [1966] 1/28; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 27441).
J. M. Leitnaker, T. B. Lindemer, C. M. Fitzpatrick (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 53 [1970] 479/81).
T. B. Lindemer, J. M. Leitnaker, M. D. Allen (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 53 [1970] 451/6).
F. Anselin (CEA-R-2988 [1966] 1/89; N.S.A. 21 [1967] No. 1315 ).
J. M. Leitnaker, T. G. Godfrey (J. Nucl. Mater. 21 [1967] 175/89).
R. A. M. Wolters (ECN-49 [1978] 1/131; C.A. 90 [1979] No. 78092; INIS-MF-4897 [1978] 1/133; INIS Atomindex 10 [1979] No. 451 517; C.A. 91 [1979] No. 98669).
M. Katsura (JUEL-594-RW [1969] 1/106; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 1082 ).
A. Benadik, L. Jakesova, I. Krivy (Jad. Energ. 15 [1969] 397/404; C.A. 72 [1970] No. 61924).
Y. Akimoto, K. Tanaka (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 5 [1968] 414/8).
G. Ondracek, G. Petzow (J. Nucl. Mater. 25 [1968] 132/43).
Khan, A. Naoumidis (JUEL-703-RW [1970] 1/17; CONF-700920–4 [1970] 1/17; Fast React. Fuel Fuel Elem. Proc. Intern. Meeting, Karlsruhe, FRG, 1970, pp. 1/17; N.S.A. 971].No. 24622).
Lindemer (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55 [1972] 585/8).
T. B. Lindemer (Nucl. Appl. Technol. 9 [1970] 711/5).
T. Nomura, M. Katsura, T. Sano, H. Kai (J. Nucl. Mater. 43 [1972] 234/44).
R. Lorenzelli (CEA-R-3536 [1968] 1/71; ORNL-TR-3019 [1968] 1/71; N.S.A. 23 [1969] No. 18272).
References for 14.5.3
A. Naoumidis (J. Nucl. Mater. 34 [1970] 230/3).
J. M. Leitnaker (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 317/30).
A. Naoumidis, H. J. Stöcker (Thermodyn. Nuct. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 287/300).
M. Katsura (JUEL-594-RW [1969] 1/106; N.S.A. 24 [1970] No. 1082 ).
M. Katsura, A. Naoumidis, H. Nickel (J. Nucl. Mater. 36 [1970] 169/79).
T. Sano, M. Katsura, H. Kai (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1967 [1968], pp. 301/15).
A. E. Austin, A. F. Gerds (BMI-1272 [1958] 1/20; N.S.A. 12 [1958] No. 12404).
A. Naoumidis, U. Brinkmann, H. J. Stöcker (Proc. 6th Plansee Semin., Reutte/Tyrot, Austria, 1968 [1969], pp. 630/48).
E. H. P. Cordfunke (J. Nucl. Mater. 56 [1975] 319/26).
J. M. Leitnaker, R. A. Potter, K. E. Spear, W. R. Laing (High Temp. Sci. 1 [1969] 389/400).
Y. Ikeda, M. Tamaki, G. Matsumoto (J. Nucl. Mater. 59 [1976] 103/11).
E. H. P. Cordfunke, W. Ouwestjes (J. Nucl. Mater. 79 [1979] 271/6).
G. Prins, E. H. P. Cordfunke, R. Depaus (J. Nucl. Mater. 89 [1980] 221/8).
R. A. Andrievskii, V. V. Khromonozhkin, E. A. Galkin, V. I. Mitrofanov (Soviet At. Energy 26 [1969] 573/7).
P. E. Potter, K. E. Spear (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Jülich, FRG, 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 2, pp. 195/227).
M. Katsura, T. Nomura (J. Nucl. Mater. 51 [1974] 63/8).
A. L. Udovskii, O. S. Ivanov (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Symp., Jülich, FRG, 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 2, pp. 229/46).
M. Katsura, T. Sano (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 3 [1966] 194/9).
A. Naoumidis, M. Katsura, H. Nickel (Colloq. Intern. Centre Natl. Rech. Sci. [Paris] No. 205 [1971/72] 265/75).
S. Ihara, M. Suzuki, Y. Akimoto (J. Nucl. Mater. 39 [1971] 311/4).
R. Benz (J. Nucl. Mater. 31 [1969] 93/8).
G. Ondracek, G. Petzow (J. Nucl. Mater. 25 [1968] 132/43).
R. Benz, J. D. Farr (J. Nucl. Mater. 42 [1972] 217/22).
C. Politis (KFK-2168 [1975] 1/86; INIS Atomindex 7 [1976] No. 230587).
M. Kamimoto, Y. Takahashi, T. Mukaibo (J. Phys. Chem. Solids 35 [1974] 393/9).
R. Pascard (Nucl. Met. 13 [1965] 345/68).
R. A. M. Wolters (ECN-49 [1978]).
Hj. Matzke, M. H. Bradbury (EUR-5906 [1978] 1/111; INIS Atomindex 10 [1979] No. 423257).
M. Neumann (JUEL-1079-RB-RW [1974]).
P. Biddle (AERE-R-4700 [1964] 1/11; N.S.A. 19 [1965] No. 2715 ).
M. Katsura, S. Imoto, T. Sano (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 1 [1964] 22/6).
H. Kai, M. Katsura, T. Sano (J. Nucl. Sci, Technol. [Tokyo] 5 [1968] 43/7).
H. Matsui, Hj. Matzke (J. Nucl. Mater. 89 [1980] 41/52).
H. Matsui, M. H. Bradbury, Hj. Matzke (Nucl. Sci. Eng. 66 [1978] 406/14).
J. Williams, R. A. Sambell (J. Less-Common Metals 1 [1959] 217/26).
F. Anselin, G. Dean, R. Lorenzelli, R. Pascard (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 113/61).
A. Pialoux (J. Nucl. Mater. 74 [1978] 328/47).
H. Kai, M. Katsura, T. Sano (Technol. Rept. Osaka Univ. 20 [1970] 57/66).
A. Padel, A. Groff, C. H. de Novion (J. Nucl. Mater. 36 [1970] 297/303).
M. Uchida, M. Ichikawa (J. Nucl. Mater. 49 [1973/74] 91/7).
C. H. de Novion, P. Costa (J. Phys. [Paris] 33 [1972] 257/71).
T. Ohmichi, T. Kikuchi (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 6 [1969] 101/2).
T. Ohmichi, T. Kikuchi, S. Nasu (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 9 [1972] 77/85).
H. Matsui, Hj. Matzke, C. Politis, H. Schneider (KFK-2993-B [1980] 146/55; INIS Atomindex 12 [1981] No. 608920).
C. H. de Novion, P. Costa (Compt. Rend. B 270 [1970] 1415/8).
M. Tamaki, H. Matsui, G. Matsumoto, T. Kirihara (Phys. Status Solidi A 79 [1983] K93/ K 98).
G. H. Lander, D. J. Lam, J. F. Reddy, M. H. Müller (Magn. Magn. Mater. Ann. Conf. 19 [1973]; AIP Conf. Proc. No. 18 I/II [1974] 442/6).
T. Ohmichi, S. Nasu (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 7 [1970] 268/70).
M. Kuznietz (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 8 [1971] 51/3).
H. Adachi, S. Imoto (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 8 [1971] 53/4).
T. Ohmichi, S. Nasu (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 8 [1971] 54/5).
T. Ohmichi, T. Saito (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 8 [1971] 314/8).
T. Ohmichi, S. Nasu, T. Kikuchi (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 9 [1972] 11/8).
C. H. de Novion, P. Costa (J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. [Tokyo] 8 [1971] 600/1).
R. Lallement (Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 10 [1968] 115/28).
R. Lorenzelli (CEA-R-3536 [1968] 1/84; N.S.A. 22 [1968] No. 52259).
P. E. Potter (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976 ], PP. 211/32).
J. L. Boutard, C. H. de Novion (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp. 505/14).
S. Nasu, T. Kurasawa, H. Matsui, M. Tamaki, M. Okuda (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp. 515/23).
C. H. de Novion, B. E. F. Fender, W. Just (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp. 893/902).
J. Danan (CEA-R-4453 [1973]).
D. M. Skorov, S. A. Balankin, L. P. Loshmanov, V. S. Sokolov (Reaktornoe Materialovedenie [Reactor Material Science], Vol. 4, Atomizdat, Moscow 1978, pp. 198/211; INISMF-5308 [1978] 198/211; Conf. Reactor Mater. Sci., Alushta, Ukr. SSR, 1978, Vol. 4, pp. 198/211; INIS Atomindex 11 [1980] No. 496549).
C. H. de Novion (CEA-R-4113 [1970] 1/153; Diss. Paris Univ. Orsay Fac. Sci. 1970, pp. 1/ 153; N.S.A. 25 [1971] No. 11980).
J. L. Boutard (CEA-R-4797 [1976] 1/188; INIS Atomindex 8 [1977] No. 302237).
D. Damien, C. H. de Novion (J. Nucl. Mater. 100 [1984] 167/77).
L. I. Gomozov, A. I. Dedjurin, S. G. Titov, O. S. Ivanov (Plutonium 1975 Other Actinides Proc. 5th Intern. Conf., Baden-Baden, FRG, 1975 [1976], pp. 915/34).
S. A. Balankin, L. P. Loshmanov, D. M. Skorov (Met. Metalloved Chyst. Metal. No. 13 [1979] 64/9).
L. I. Gomozov, I. S. Akhmedzyanov (Soviet At. Energy 48 [1980] 413/5).
G. S. Sheffield (Diss. North Carolina State Univ. 1977, pp. 1/130; Diss. Abstr. Intern. B 38 [1978] 3338 ).
M. B. Brodsky (Repts. Progr. Phys. 41 [1978] 1547 ).
J. L. Boutard, C. H. de Novion (Int. Symp. Electronic Structure Actinides, Argonne, Ill., 1974; Conf. 527–015 [1974]).
M. Tamaki, Y. Ikeda, H. Matsui, T. Kirihara (J. Less-Common Metals 121 [1986] 67/71).
References for 14.5.4
R. Lorenzetti, M. Delaroche, M. Housseau, P. Petit (Nucl. Met. 17 [1970] 818 ).
Y. Kurodo, K. Tanaka, M. Suzuki, Y. Akimoto (J. Nucl. Mater. 34 [1970] 174/81).
J. P. Guha (J. Nucl. Mater. 41 [1971] 187/94).
J. C. Passefort, F. Anselin, D. Calais (Proc. 4th Intern. Conf. Sci. Ceram., Maastricht, Neth., 1967 [1968 ], Vol. 4, pp. 421/57).
M. B. Sears (J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 32 [1970] 2971/84).
References for 14.5.5
M. Ugajin (J. Nucl. Mater. 40 [1971] 175/88).
S. Ihara, K. Tanaka, M. Suzuki, Y. Akimoto (J. Nucl. Mater. 39 [1971] 203/8).
S. Ihara, M. Suzuki, Y. Akimoto (J. Nucl. Mater. 39 [1971] 311/4).
C. Kouhsen, A. Naoumidis, H. Nickel (J. Nucl. Mater. 61 [1976] 88/98).
C. Kouhsen (JUEL-1228 [1975] 1/193; INIS Atomindex 7 [1976] No. 265247).
J. P. Guha (J. Nucl. Mater. 41 [1971] 187/94).
References for 14.6.1
F. Anselin, G. Dean, R. Lorenzelli, R. Pascard (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 113/61).
J. L. Henry, R. Blickensderfer (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 52 [1969] 534/9).
J. L. Henry, R. Blickensderfer, G. G. Thompson (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 51 [1968] 617/21).
S. Imoto (Technol. Rept. Osaka Univ. 20 [1970] 473/87).
H. Holleck, E. Smailos, F. Thümmler (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 281/9).
References for 14.6.2
Smoto, H. J. Stöcker (Thermodyn. Proc. Symp., Vienna 1965 [1966], Vol. 2, pp. 533/45).
M. Uchida, M. Ichikawa (J. Nucl. Mater. 49 [1973/74] 91/7).
R. F. Stoops, J. V. Hamme, G. S. Sheffield (NCSC-2663–19 [1964] 1/46; EURAEC-1531 [1964] 1/46; N.S.A. 20 [1966] No. 9496).
J. L. Henry, R. Blickensderfer, G. G. Thompson (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 51 [1968] 617/21).
J. L. Henry, R. Blickensderfer (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 52 [1969] 534/9).
Reference for 14.7.1
M. J. P. C. Nieskens, H. N. Stein, J. Kistemaker (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 17 [1978] 256/9).
References for 14.7.2
P. D. Shalek, G. D. White (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 266/72).
Y. Baskin (Trans. AIME 239 [1967] 1708/12).
G. H. B. Lovell, A. van Tets, E. J. Britz (J. Nucl. Mater. 48 [1973] 74/8).
V. N. Zagryazkin, A. S. Panay, E. V. Fivejskij (Thermodyn. Nucl. Mater. Proc. Intern. Symp., Vienna 1979 [1980 ], Vol. 2, pp. 171/84; C.A. 95 [1981] No. 51372).
G. H. B. Lovell, A. van Tets (J. Nucl. Mater. 79 [1979] 277/301).
P. Korogiannakis, H. Wedemeyer (KFK-1540 [1972] 1/41; EURFNR-995 [1972] 1/41; N.S.A. 26 [1972] No. 56592).
C. Politfis (KFK-2168 [1975] 1/86; INIS Atomindex 7 [1976] No. 230587).
A. Kikuchi, K. Fukuda (JAERI-M-5675 [1974]).
S. A. Kokhtev, A. I. Evstyuchin, G. I. Solovev (Met. Metalloved. Chist. Metal. No. 13 [1979] 45/9).
S. A. Kokhtev, A. I. Evstyuchin, R. A. Andrievsky, G. I. Solovev (J. Nucl. Mater. 59 [1976] 331/2).
S. A. Kokhtev, A. I. Evstyuchin (J. Nucl. Mater. 92 [1980] 349/50).
Reference for 14.7.4
E. W. Breeze, N. H. Brett, J. White (J. Nucl. Mater. 39 [1971] 157/65).
References for 14.7.5
L. E. Toth, H. Nowotny, H. Benesovsky, E. Rudy (Monatsh. Chem. 92 [1961] 794/802).
P. Rogl (J. Nucl. Mater. 80 [1979] 187/9).
P. Rogl, J. Bauer, J. Debuigne (J. Less-Common Metals 82 [1981] 366 ).
K. A. Gingerich (J. Chem. Phys. 53 [1970] 746/8).
K. J. Matterson, H. J. Jones, N. C. Moore (Proc. 4th Plansee Semin., Reutte/Tyrol, Austria, 1961 [1962], pp. 329/55).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
P. Rogl (personal communication 1986).
References for 14.7.6
P. L. Blum, P. Guinet, G. Silvestre (Compt. Rend. 260 [1965] 1911/3).
P. L. Blum, G. Silvestre (Compt. Rend. B 263 [1966] 709/11).
G. Silvestre, P. L. Blum (Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. Crist. 91 [1968] 233/6).
P. Guinet, H. Vaugoyeau, J. Laugier, P. L. Blum (J. Nucl. Mater. 21 [1967] 21/31).
A. I. Dedjurin, L. I. Gomozov, V. K. Grigorovich, O. S. Ivanov (in: O. S. Ivanov, FizikoKhimiya Splavov i Tugoplavkikh Soedinenii s Toriem i Uranom, Nauka, Moscow 1968, pp. 1/233; Physical Chemistry of Alloys and Refractory Compounds of Th and U, Sci. Trans., Jerusalem 1972, pp. 193/203).
I. F. Ferguson, D. E. Y. Walker (J. Chem. Soc. A 1970 35/7).
P. Guinet, H. Vaugoyeau (Compt. Rend. C 262 [1966] 1856/8).
H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp (J. Nucl. Mater. 32 [1969] 1/19).
G. V. Smith, R. G. Smith, A. G. Thomas (in: L. E. Russell et al., Carbides in Nuclear Energy Proc. Symp., Harwell, Engl., 1963 [1964], Vol. 1, pp. 261/5).
V. E. Ivanov, T. A. Badajeva (Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy, Geneva 1958, Vol. 6, pp. 139/55).
References for 14.7.7
Y. Baskin (Trans. AIME 239 [1967] 1708/12).
G. D. White, Y. Baskin (ANL-7155 [1965] 1/166, 124/6; N.S.A. 21 [1967] No. 11190).
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Holleck, H., Kleykamp, H. (1986). Compounds of Uranium with Carbon. In: Keim, R., Keller, C. (eds) U Uranium. Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry / Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, vol U / A-E / C / 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10716-4_1
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