Zusammenfassung
Die Pneumonie ist definiert als eine Entzündung des Lungenparenchyms mit Beteiligung der Alveolen und des Interstitiums. Hierbei können allergische, chemische, physikalische und infektiöse Faktoren eine ursächliche Rolle spielen. Im folgenden wird nur auf die infektiöse Pneumonie eingegangen. Die klassische Einteilung der Pneumonien in lobäre, bronchopneumonische und interstitielle Formen ist weitgehend verlassen, stattdessen wird die Angabe der mikrobiellen Ätiologie, der klinischen Symptome (akut, chronisch) sowie der ggf. vorhandenen Grunderkrankung, des Alters und der Röntgenmorphologie bevorzugt. Bei den infektiösen Pneumonien ist die Unterteilung in bakterielle und nichtbakterielle Formen (Viren, Parasiten, Pilze, Protozoen) von Bedeutung.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Allewelt M, Steinhoff D, Rahlwes M, Höffken G, Schaberg T, Lode H (1997) Wandel im Erregerspektrum ambulant erworbener Pneumonien (1982–1992). Dtsch med Wschr 122:1027-1032
ATS (1993) Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 148: 1418–1426
ATS (1996) Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventive strategies. Am J Resp Crit Care 153: 1711–1725
Bartlett JG, Gorbach SL, Finegold SM (1974) The bacteriology of aspiration pneumonia. Am J Med 56: 202–207
Blasi F, Cosentini R, Leynani D, Denti F, Allegra L (1993) Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae in Italian patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 12: 696–699
Bodey GP, Fainstein V (1985) Systemic candidiasis. In: Bodey GP, Fainstein V (eds) Candidiasis. Raven, New York, pp 135–168
Cross AC, Roup B (1981) Role of respiratory assistance devices inendemic noscomial pneumonia. Am J Med 7o: 681–685
Finegold SM (1989) Aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess and empyema. In: Pennington JE (ed), Respiratory infections: Diagnosis and management. 2nd ed. Raven, New York, pp 264–275.
Fang GDM, Fine J, Orloff D, Arisumi VL et al. (1990) New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 69: 307–316
Iravani J, Melville GN (1975) Wirkung von Pharmaka and Milieuänderungen auf die Flimmertätigkeit der Atemwege. Respiration 32: 157–164
Johanson EG, Pierce AG, Sanford JP (1972) Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram-negative bacilli. The significance of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med 77: 701–706
Kemmerich BM, Rahlwes H, Vogel-Hartmann K, Bartman G, Höffken E, Berntsson G, Ruckdeschel J, Wagener H, Lode H (1989) Ambulant erworbene Pneumonien. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 114: 1471–1477
Klastersky J (1984) Therapy of Gram-negative bacillary pneumonias. In: Lode H, Kemmerich B, Klastersky J (eds) Current aspects of bacterial and non-bacterial pneumonias. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 150–164
Klastersky J, Glauser MP, Schimpff S, Zinner SH, Gaya H, EORTC-Project Group (1986) Prospective randomized comparison of three antibiotic regimes for empirical therapy of suspected bacteremic infections in febrile granulocytopenic patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 29: 263–268
Kovacs JA, Masur H (1985) Opportunistic infections. In: Gallin JI, Fauci AS (eds) Advances in host defense mechanisms, Vol 5–Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Raven, New York, pp 35–58
Lerner AM, Federman M (1971) Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia. J Infect Dis 124: 425–426
Lode H, Höffken G, Kemmerich B (1982) Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to nonbacterial pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients. In: Klastersky J (ed) Infections in cancer patients. Raven, New York, pp 171–184
Lode H (1986) Initial therapy in pneumonia: Clinical, radiological and laboratory data important for the choice. Am J Med 8o [Suppl 5c]: 70–74
Lode H, Schaberg T, Raffenberg M (1997) Therapie der nosokomialen Pneumonie. Dtsch med Wschr 122:93–96
MacFarlane JT, Finch RG, Ward MJ, Macrae AD (1982) Hospital study of adult community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet II:255–258
Moore R, Smith CR, Lietman PS (1984) Association of aminoglycoside plasma levels with therapeutic outcome in gram-negative pneumonia. Am J Med 77: 657–662
Pennington JE (1989) Opportunistic fungal pneumonias: Aspergillus, Mucor, Candida, Torulopsis. In: Pennington JE (ed) Respiratory infections: Diagnosis and management. 2nd ed. Raven, New York, pp 443–456
Perlino CA (1980) Metronidazole versus Clindamycin treat-ment of anaerobic lung abscesses and necrotizing pneumonia: failure of Metronidazole therapy. Curr Chemother Infect Dis Washington Vol II: 877–879
Report of National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Workshop (1984) Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 310: 1682-1688
Sanders GCV, Hanna BJ, Lewis AC (1979) Metronidazole in the treatment of anaerobic infections. Am Rev Resp Dis 120:337-343
Schaberg T, Lode H (1991) Klinik und Diagnostik der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonien. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 116: 1877–1880
Schaberg T, Lode H (1991) Antibiotische Therapie der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonien. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 116: 1917–1920
Steinhoff D, Lode H et al. (1996) Chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in Berlin. Clinical Infectious Dis 22: 958964
Stover DE, White DA, Romano PA, Gelene RA, Robeson WA (1985) Spectrum of pulmonary diseases associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Med 78 429–437
Yu VL, Kroboh T, Shounard J, Brown A, McDearman S, Magnussen M (1982) Legionnaires’ disease: New clinical perspective from a prospective pneumonia study. Am J Med 73: 357–361
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lode, H. (1999). Pneumonien. In: Paumgartner, G., et al. Therapie innerer Krankheiten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10477-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10477-4_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-10478-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10477-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive