Skip to main content

Koronarinsuffizienz und Herzinfarkt

  • Chapter
Therapie innerer Krankheiten
  • 22 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die koronare Herzkrankheit gilt als die häufigste Todesursache in den westlichen Ländern. Dabei spielen nicht nur genetische, sondern auch Umwelteinflüsse eine wichtige Rolle. In Deutschland erleiden jedes Jahr pro 100.000 Einwohnern 444 Männer und 138 Frauen einen Myokardinfarkt.50% dieser Patienten versterben an dem Infarkt, 30%, bevor ihnen ärztliche Hilfe zuteil werden kann.

Der Begriff der koronaren Herzerkrankung kann unterteilt werden in stabile Formen der Korona rerkrankung, z.B.die stabile Angina pectoris, und in ein sog.akutes Koronarsyndrom. Letzteres schließt nicht nur Formen der instabilen Angina ein, sondern auch den akuten Myokardinfarkt, vorausgesetzt eine Myo-kardschädigung liegt vor. Die Behandlung der koronaren Herzerkrankung besteht nicht nur in der Akuttherapie, sondern insbesondere in der Primär- und Sekundärprävention. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass durch eine konsequente Behandlung von Risikofaktoren wie Hypertonie, Nikotinabusus oder Hypercholesterinämie eine signifikante Risikoreduktion für schwerwiegende kardiale Ereignisse erreicht werden kann.

Neben Statinen, ACE Hemmern und auch Betarezeptorenblockern ist aber Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) immer noch mit das wichtigste Medikament bei der Behandlung der koronaren Herzerkrankung. Beim akuten Koronarsyndrom ist sie das erste Medikament, das neben Heparin zum Einsatz kommt. Ansonsten hat sich die Akutbehandlung des Myokardinfarktes in den letzten 20 Jahren mit dem Einsatz der Lysetherapie und interventioneller Verfahren zur koronaren Revas-kularisierung entscheidend verbessert. Spätestens seit der groß angelegten GUSTO-I-Studie (Global Utilization of Streptokinase for Occluded Arteries Study) von 1993 ist dieThrombolysetherapie bei der Behandlung des akuten Myokardinfarktes wichtigste konservative Behandlungsalternative zur akuten Revaskulari-sation (The GUSTO Investigators 1993). Die PTCA ist nach heutigem Standard aber die effektivste Behandlungsmodalität zur Akutbehandfung des Myokardinfarktes, noch vor derThrombolysetherapie, was durch eine Reihe von Vergleichsstudien in den letzten Jahren belegt wurde.

Durch adjunktiveTherapie mittels einer neuen Generation von Thrombozyten-aggregationshemmern, den GP-IIb/IIIa-Antagonisten wie Abciximab, Tirofiban oder Eptifibatid, hat sich ein weiteres wichtiges Kapitel bei der Behandlung des akuten Koronarsyndroms aufgetan. Neue aufregendeTherapieformen eröffnen sich unter dem Begriff Angiogenese (Gefäßneubildung). So verspricht die Stammzellentherapie oder dieTherapie mit Genprodukten zur Induktion einer intrakardialen Gefäßneubildung neue Dimensionen bei derTherapie der stabilen koronaren Herzerkrankung, aber auch beim akuten Koronarsyndrom.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Alderman EL, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Kaiser GC, Myers WO, Maynard C, Levine F, Schloss M (1983) Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS). Circulation 68: 785–795

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartecchi CE, MacKenzie TD, Schrier RW (1994) The human costs of tobacco use (1). N Engl J Med 330:907–912 The Beta-Blocker Pooling Project (BBPP) Research Group (1988)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The Beta-Blocker Pooling Project (BBPP): Subgroup findings from randomized trials in post infarction patients. Eur Heart J 9: 8–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML (1996) Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 348:771–775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, Califf RM,Cheitlin MD, Hochman JS, Jones RH, Kereiakes D, Kupersmith J, Levin TN, Pepine CJ, Schaeffer JW, Smith EE, 3rd, Steward DE, Theroux P, Gibbons RJ, Alpert JS, Eagle KA, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gardner TJ, Gregoratos G, Russell RO, Smith SC Jr (2000) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee on the management of patients with unstable angina). Circulation 102:1193–1209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown G, Albers JJ, Fisher LD, Schaefer SM, Lin JT, Kaplan C, Zhao XQ, Bisson BD, Fitzpatrick VF, Dodge HT(1990) Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med 323: 1289–1298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Califf RM (1999) Glycoprotein lib/Ida blockade and thrombolytics: early lessons from the SPEED and GUSTO IV trials. Am Heart J 138: S12–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The CAPTURE Study (1997) Randomised placebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory unstable angina. Lancet 349:1429–1435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP, Turpie AG, Fromell GJ, Goodman S, Langer A, Califf RM, Fox KA, Premmereur J, Bigonzi F (1997) A comparison of low-moiecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous enoxaparin in non-Q-wave coronary events study group. N Engl J Med 337:447–452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobson AJ, Alexander HM, Heller RF, Lloyd DM (1991) How soon after quitting smoking does risk of heart attack decline? J Clin Epidemiol 44:1247–1253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbel R, Haude M, Hopp HW, Franzen D, Rupprecht HJ, Heublein B, Fischer K, de Jaegere P, Serruys P, Rutsch W, Probst P (1998) Coronary-artery stenting compared with balloon angioplasty for restenosis after initial balloon angioplasty. Restenosis Stent Study Group. N Engl J Med 339:1672–678

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The European Myocardial Infarction Project Group (1993) Prehospital thrombolytic therapy in patients with suspected acute myocar- dial infarction.N Engl J Med 329:383–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Every NR, Parsons LS, Hlatky M, Martin JS, Weaver WD (1996) A comparison of thrombolytic therapy with primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Investigators. N Engl J Med 335:1253–1260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists’ (FTT) Collaborative Group (1994) Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 343:311–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuster V, Cohen M, Halperin J (1989) Aspirin in the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 321:183–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson RS, Boden WE, Theroux P, Strauss HD, Pratt CM, Gheorghiade M, Capone RJ, Crawford MH, Schlant RC, Kleiger RE et al. (1986) Diltiazem and reinfarction in patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 315:423–429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GISSI-3,Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’infarto Miocardico (1994) Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 343: 1115–1122

    Google Scholar 

  • The GUSTO investigators (1993) An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 329:673–682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm CW, Braunwald E (2000) A classification of unstable angina revisited. Circulation 102:118–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hine LK, Laird N, Hewitt P, Chalmers TC (1989) Meta-analytic evidence against prophylactic use of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 149:2694–2698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm E, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Hennekens CH, Witlett WC (1997) Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 337:1491 – 1499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1988) Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, orai aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet ii:349–360

    Google Scholar 

  • ISIS-3 (Third International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1992) ISIS-3: a randomised comparison of streptokinase vs tissue plasminogen activator vs anistreplase and of aspirin plus heparin vs aspirin alone among 41, 299 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 339:753–770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1995) ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral Captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 345:669–685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hennekens CH (1997) A prospective study of passive smoking and coronary heart disease. Circulation 95:2374–2379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kereiakes DJ, Lincoff AM, Miller DP, Tcheng JE, Cabot CF, Anderson KM, Weisman HF, Califf RM, Topol EJ (1998) Abciximab therapy and unplanned coronary stent deploymentfavorable effects on stent use, clinical outcomes, and bleeding complications. EPILOG Trial Investigators. Circulation 97:857–864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landau C, Glamann DB, Willard JE, LD HI, Lange RA (1994) Coronary angioplasty in the patient with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med 96:536–543

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leon AS, Connett J (1991) Physical activity and 10.5 year mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Int J Epidemiol 20:690–697

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linderer T, Schroder R, Arntz R, Heineking ML, Wunderlich W, Kohl K, Forycki F, Henzgen R, Wagner J (1993) Prehospital thrombolysis: beneficial effects of very early treatment on infarct size and left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 22:1304–1310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA (2001) Effects of pretreatment with Clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PTCA-CURE study. Lancet 358: 527–533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myocardial infarction redefined — a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol 36:959–969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohman EM, Califf RM, Topol EJ, Candela R, Abbottsmith C, Ellis S, Sigmon KN, Kereiakes D, George B, Stack R (1990) Consequences of reocclusion after successful reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction. TAMI Study Group.Circulation 82:781–791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ, Jr., Cuddy TE, Davis BR, Geltman EM, Goldman S, Flaker GC et al. (1992) Effect of Captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med 327:669–677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PRISM Study Investigators (Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management) (1998) A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina. N Engl J Med 338:1498–1505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PRISM-PLUS Study Investigators (Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms) (1998) Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein llb/Illa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 338:1488–1497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The PURSUITTrial Investigators (1998) Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein llb/Illa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Platelet glycoprotein llb/Illa in unstable angina: receptor suppression using integrilin therapy. N Engl J Med 339:436–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The RESTORE Investigators, Randomized Efficacy Study of Tirofiban for Outcomes and Restenosis (1997) Effects of platelet glycoprotein llb/Illa blockade with tirofiban on adverse cardiac events in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction undergoing coronary angioplasty. Circulation 96:1445–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruberman W, Weinblatt E, Goldberg JD, Chaudhary BS (1984) Psychosocial influences on mortality after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 311:552–559

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan TJ, Antman EM, Brooks NH, Califf RM, Hillis LD, Hiratzka LF, Rapaport E, Riegel B, Russell RO, Smith EE 3rd, Weaver WD, Gibbons RJ, Alpert JS, Eagle KA, Gardner TJ, Garson A, Jr., Gregoratos G, Smith SC Jr. (1999) 1999 update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 34:890–911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) (1994) Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease. Lancet 344:1383–1389

    Google Scholar 

  • Schömig A, Kastrati A, Dirschinger J, Mehilli J, Schricke U, Pache J, Martinoff S, Neumann FJ, Schwaiger M (2000) Coronary stenting plus platelet glycoprotein llb/Illa blockade compared with tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Stent vs. Thrombolysis for Occluded Coronary Arteries in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 343:385–391

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F, Macaya C, Rutsch W, Heyndrickx G, Emanuelsson H, Marco J, Legrand V, Materne P et al. (1994) A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. Benestent Study Group. N Engl J Med 331:489–495

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW, McKillop JH, Packard CJ (1995) Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 333: 1301–1307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simoons ML, Arnold AE, Betriu A, de Bono DP, Col J, Dougherty FC, von Essen R, Lambertz H, Lubsen J, Meier B et al. (1988) Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: no additional benefit from immediate percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Lancet i: 197–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone PH, Muller JE, Hartwell T, York BJ, Rutherford JD, Parker CB, Turi ZG, Strauss HW, Willerson JT, Robertson T et al. (1989) The effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis and serial left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: contribution of both coronary disease and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction to the adverse prognosis. The MILIS Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 14: 49–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suryapranata H, van’t Hof AW, Hoorntje JC, de Boer MJ, Zijlstra F (1998) Randomized comparison of coronary stenting with balloon angioplasty in selected patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 97:2502–2505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timolol-induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (1981) N Engl J Med 304: 801–807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tu JV, Pashos CL, Naylor CD, Chen E, Normand SL, Newhouse JP, McNeil BJ (1997) Use of cardiac procedures and outcomes in elderly patients with myocardial infarction in the United States and Canada. N Engl J Med 336:1500–1505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods KL, Fletcher S, Roffe C, Haider Y (1992) Intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: results of the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2). Lancet 339:1553–1558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P (1985) Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 27:335–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, Held P, Furberg C (1991) Update of effects of calcium antagonists in myocardial infarction or angina in light of the second Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial (DAVIT-II) and other recent studies. Am J Cardiol 67:1295–1297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G (2000) Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 342:145–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jung, F., Zeiher, A.M. (2003). Koronarinsuffizienz und Herzinfarkt. In: Therapie innerer Krankheiten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10475-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10475-0_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-10476-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10475-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics