Abstract
There are numerous possible technological processes for carrying out the reduction of ores by gases containing CO or H2. All conceivable processes are characterized by the common endeavour to achieve in the smallest possible volume the most rapid and complete chemical conversion and heat transfer possible. A uniform circulation of the reducing gases round the ore pieces offers the best conditions. The following sections deal with gas flow in ore charges, with the region of stability for various types of gas flow, and with heat transfer. According to Wicke and Brötz 305), in general, the possible states of a granular material through which a fluid is flowing are those shown in Table 9; from left to right in this table, the states shown correspond to increasing fluid velocity or decreasing grain size. Those of particular importance in the reduction of ores are:
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a)
the static bed, or packed column;
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b)
the fluidized bed;
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c)
particulate fluidization (or fluidized dust).
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von Bogdandy, L., Engell, HJ. (1971). Gas Flow and Heat Transfer in Granular Materials. In: The Reduction of Iron Ores. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10400-2_4
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