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Signals in Host-Parasite Interactions

  • Chapter
Plant Relationships

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 5))

Abstract

Plants are resistant to most potential pathogens in their environment; in fact, relatively few true host-pathogen pairs exist in which the plant is susceptible and the pathogen virulent. Within a susceptible plant species, specific cultivars carry genes which give them resistance to specific pathogen races harboring the corresponding avirulence genes (Chaps. 15, 16, Vol. V, Part B). Several models have been proposed to explain the biochemical basis for gene-for-gene complementarity in such plant-pathogen interactions. One model envisions a ligand-receptor-like interaction between the products of a fungal avirulence gene (elicitor) and the corresponding plant resistance gene (receptor) that triggers the initiation of a multicomponent defense response in the plant. The same response can also be activated by other types of elicitors that are not encoded by avirulence genes, including compounds released from fungal or plant cell walls during early phases of pathogen attack or substances secreted by the pathogen. Exogenous elicitors are derived from the pathogen, whereas endogenous elicitors are released from the plant cell wall during pathogen attack. Whatever the source of the elicitor, the mechanism of signal perception appears to rely on the presence of specific receptors on the plant cell surface (Fig. 1) which initiate signaling processes that activate plant defenses. Typical elements of the multicomponent defense response include the hypersensitive reaction (HR), the production of reactive oxygen species (oxidative burst), the activation of defense-related genes, structural changes of the cell wall, and the synthesis of phytoalexins.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botanisches Institut, Universität München, Menzinger Straße 67, 80638, München, Germany

    J. Ebel

  2. Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    D. Scheel

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  1. J. Ebel
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  1. Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, OR, USA

    George C. Carroll

  2. Institut für Botanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schloßgarten 3, D-48149, Münster, Germany

    Paul Tudzynski

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Ebel, J., Scheel, D. (1997). Signals in Host-Parasite Interactions. In: Carroll, G.C., Tudzynski, P. (eds) Plant Relationships. The Mycota, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10370-8_6

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