Skip to main content

Sick Sinus Syndrome (and Carotid Sinus Syndrome)

  • Chapter
The ECG

Abstract

The sick sinus syndrome is a disease of the sinus node and occurs in middle-aged and older patients, with some exceptions. The most probable predominant etiology is a degenerative process of the sinus node with frequent involvement of the AV node. Other etiologies include coronary heart disease (CHD), infectious diseases, and other rare conditions. Clinically the etiology often remains unclear and is classified as ‘unknown’. In the section The Full Picture’ the carotid sinus syndrome, which is different from the sick sinus syndrome, is briefly discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ferrer MI. The sick sinus syndrome. Mt Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing 1974

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kaplan BM, Langendorf R, Lev M, Pick A. Tachycardia-brady-cardia syndrome (so-called “sick sinus syndrome”). Pathology mechanisms and treatment. Am J Cardiol 1973;31:497–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rodriguez RD, Schocken DD. Update on sick sinus syndrome, a cardiac disorder of aging. Geriatrics 1990;45:26–30,33–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kyriakidis MK, Kourouklis CB, Papaioannou JT, et al. Sinus node coronary arteries studied with angiography. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:749–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rubenstein JJ, Schulman CL, Yurchak PM, De Sanctis RW. Clinical spectrum of the sick sinus syndrome. Circulation 1972;46:5–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chou TC. Sinus Rhythm. In: Chou TC (ed). Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice, Adult and Pediatric, fourth edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1991, pp 336–7

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mehta AV, Chidambaram B, Garrett A. Familial symptomatic sinus bradycardia: autosomal dominant inheritance. Pediatr Cardiol 1995;16:231–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Crossen KJ, Cain ME. Assessment and management of sinus node dysfunction. Mod Concept Cardiovasc Dis 1986;55:43

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hoffmann A, Kappenberger L, Jost M, Burckhardt D. Effect of amiodarone on sinus node function in patients with sick sinus syndrome. Clin Cardiol 1987;10:451–2

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bertrand E, Le Gallais D, N’Dori R. The Flack test: a test exploring the sinus function in athletes. Apropos of 351 tests. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1987;80:1533–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gomes JA, Mehta D, Langan MN. Sinus node reentrant tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1995;18:1045–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Benditt DG. Neurally mediated syncopal syndromes: pathophysiological concepts and clinical evaluation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997;20:572–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kenny RA, Richardson DA. Carotid sinus syndrome and falls in older adults. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2001;10:97–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gurtner HP, Lenzinger HR, Dolder M. Clinical aspects of the sick sinus syndrome. In Luederitz B (ed). Cardiac pacing. Berlin: Springer 1976, pp 12–24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Mieszczanska H, Ibrahim B, Cohen TJ. Initial clinical experience with implantable loop recorders. J Invasive Cardiol 2001;13:802–4

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alt E, Lehmann G. Stroke and atrial fibrillation in sick sinus syndrome. Heart 1997;77:495–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. De Sisti A, Leclercq JF, Fiorello P, et al. Electrophysiologic characteristics of the atrium in sinus node dysfunction: atrial refractoriness and conduction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:30–3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Benditt DG, Gornick CC, Dunbar D, et al. Indications for electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis and assessment of sinus node dysfunction. Circulation 1987;75:III93–102(review)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Andersen HR, Thuesen L, Bagger JP, et al. Prospective randomized trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing in sick sinus syndrome. Lancet 1994;344:1523–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hesselson AB, Parsonnet V, Bernstein AD, Bonavita GJ. Deleterious effects of long-term single-chamber ventricular pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome: the hidden benefits of dual-chamber pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:1542–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Connolly II, Connolly SJ, Kerr CR, et al. Effects of physiologic pacing versus ventricular pacing on the risk of stroke and death due to cardiovascular causes. Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing (CTOPP) Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1385–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lamas GA, Orav EJ, Stambler BS, et al. Quality of life and clinical outcome in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dual-chamber pacing. New Engl J Med 1998;338:1097–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lamas GA, Kerry L, Lee K, et al. The Mode Selection Trial in Sick-Sinus Dysfunction (MOST). New Engl J Med 2002346: 1854–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Wong GC, Hadjis T. Single chamber ventricular compared with double chamber pacing: A review. Can J Cardiol 2002; 18:301–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Sutton R, Kenny RA. The natural history of sick sinus syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1986;9:1110–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Saito D, Matsubara K, Yamanari H, et al. Effects of oral theophylline on sick sinus syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21: 1199–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Strickberger SA, Fish RD, Lamas GA, et al. Comparison of effects of propanolol versus pindolol on sinus rate and pacing frequency in sick sinus syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:53–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gertsch, M. (2004). Sick Sinus Syndrome (and Carotid Sinus Syndrome). In: The ECG. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10315-9_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10315-9_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05656-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10315-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics