Abstract
Frost action on stone and concrete in moderate humid climates has long been known as a disruptive factor which deserves close attention. Frost action results from a combination of factors, such as volumetric expansion from the water to the ice phase, the degree of water saturation of the pore system, the critical pore size distribution, and the continuity of the pore system (see Sect. 6.3). The present accuracy of measurement of the pore size distribution has improved the prediction of durability. In the field, the cause of damage to stone overlaps other powerful agents, like salt action and the disruptive action of pure water below 0 °C.
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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Winkler, E.M. (1997). Frost Action on Stone. In: Stone in Architecture. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10070-7_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10070-7_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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