Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Rational Phytotherapy pp 225–290Cite as

Digestive System

  • Chapter

  • 504 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter deals with phytomedicines that are used in the treatment of poor appetite, functional dyspepsia (irritable stomach syndrome), irritable bowel syndrome (irritable colon), gastritis and ulcer disease, acute diarrhea, constipation, and chronic liver disease. These diseases and ailments are based only partly on underlying organic pathology; most are “functional” disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts. The remedies that are used for these indications are not always covered by health insurance in Germany, and certain groups, such as laxatives, have been largely excluded from coverage. The result has been an increase in the self-prescribing of these products by patients with digestive complaints. But functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are examples of conditions in which it is imperative that the family doctor continue to provide appropriate counseling and guidance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adler M (1979) Physiologische Psychologie, Teil II: Spezielle Funktionssysteme, Enke Stuttgart, 177–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammon HPT, Wahl MA (1990) Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Med 57: 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymus (1999) Schöllkraut — rezeptfrei und lebertoxisch. Arzneitelegramm 6 /99: 65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumann J (1975) Über die Wirkung von Chelidonium, Curcuma, Absinth und Carduus marianus auf die Galle-und Pankreassekr tion bei Hepatopathien. Med Mschr 29: 173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellomo A (1939) Ricerche cliniche. Giorn cad Med Torino 52: 181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bielenberg J (1998) Die Süßholzwurzel. Wirkungen und Anwendungen unter dem Aspekt neuer pharmakologischer Erkenntnisse. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 19: 197–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins CW, Rister RS (eds.). Klein S, Rister RS (trans). (1998) The Complete German Commission E Monographs — Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. American Botanical Council, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böhm K (1959) Untersuchungen über choleretische Wirkungen einiger Arzneipflanzen. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 9: 376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen IH, Cubbin IJ (1993) Mentha piperita and Mentha spicata. In: De Smet PAGM, Keller K, Hänsel R, Chandler RF (eds) Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs 1. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York: 171–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt W (1988) Spasmolytische Wirkung ätherischer Ole. In: Phytotherapie, Hippokrates Stuttgart 77–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt W (1988) Spasmolytische Wirkung ätherischer Öle. In: Phytotherapie, Hippokrates Stuttgart, 77–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun JE, Rice-Evans CA (1998) Luteolin-rich artichoke extract protects low-density lipoprotein from oxidation in vitro. Free Radical Research 29: 247–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camilleri M (1999) Therapeutic approach to the patient with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Med 107: 27S–32S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camilleri M, Choi MG (1997) Review article: irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 11: 3–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carling I, Svedberg LE, Hulten S (1989) Short term treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a placebo-controlled trial of peppermint oil against hyoscyamine. OPMEAR 34: 55–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coon JT, Ernst E (2002) Systematic review: herbal medicinal products for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Alment Pharmacol Ther 16: 1689–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dew MJ, Evans BK, Rhodes J (1984) Peppermint oil for the irritable bowel syndrome: a multicentre trial. Br J Clin Pract 38: 394–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobrilla G, Comberlato M, Steele A, Vallaperta P (1989) Drug treatment of functional dyspepsia. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Clin Gastroenterol ii: 169–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dresser GK, Wacher V, Ramtoola Z, Cumming K, Bailey D (2002) Peppermint oil increases the oral bioavailability of felopidine and simvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 71: P67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duke JA (1985) CRC Handbook of medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton (USA): 358–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englisch W, Beckers C, Unkauf M, Ruepp M, Zinserling V (2000) Efficacy of artichoke dry extract in patients hyperlipoproteinemia. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 50: 260–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst E, Pittler MH (2000) Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Anaesth 84: 367–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiegel G (1971) Die amphocholeretische Wirkung der Fumaria officinalis. Z Allg Med 34: 1819.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fintelmann V (1996) Klinische Bedeutung der lipidsenkenden und antioxidativen Wirkung von Cynara scolymus (Artischocke). In: Loew D, Rietbrock N (eds) Phytopharmaka II: Forschung und klinische Anwendung. Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt: 145–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fintelmann V, Menßen HG, Siegers CP (1993) Phytotherapie Manual. Pharmazeutischer, pharmakologischer und therapeutischer Standard. 2nd Ed. Hippokrates Verlag Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fintelmann V, Petrowicz O (1998) Langzeitanwendung von Hepar-SL forte bei dyspeptischem Symptomenkomplex: Ergebnisse einer Beobachtungsstudie. Natura med 13: 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fintelmann V, Wegener T (2001) Curcuma longa —eine unterschätzte Heilpflanze. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung 141: 3735–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forster H (1983) Spasmolytische Wirkung pflanzlicher Carminativa. Allgemeinmedizin 59: 1327–1333.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forster HB, Niklas H, Lutz S (1980) Antispasmodic effects of some medicinal plants. Planta med 40: 309–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman G (1991) Treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 20: 325–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt R (1997 a) Stimulation of acid secretion by extracts of Gentiana lutea L. in cultured cells from rat gastric mucosa. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 7: 106–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt R (1997 b) Antioxidative and protective properties of extracts from leaves of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) against hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 144: 270–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt R (1998) Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in primary cultured rat hepatocytes by artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) extracts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286: 1122–1128.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt R, Fausel M (1997) Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of artichoke extracts and constituents in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicology in Vitro 11: 669–672.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glatzel H (1968) Die Gewürze. Ihre Wirkungen auf den Menschen. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Herford: 170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glatzel H, Hackenberg K (1967) Röntgenuntersuchungen der Wirkungen von Bittermitteln auf die Verdauungsorgane. Planta Med 15: 223–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn JWC (1920) The carminative action of volatile oils. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 6: 93–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn JWC (1920) The carminative action of volatile oils. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 16: 93–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guttenberg A (1926) Das Cholagogum Curcumen. Klin Wschr 5: 1998–1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hänsel W (1997) Die Gelbwurzel — Curcuma domestica Val., Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Portrait zweier Arzneipflanzen. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 18: 297–306. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawthorn M, Ferrante J, Luchowski E, Rutledge A, Wei XY, Triggle DJ (1988) The actions of peppermint oil and menthol on calcium channel-dependent processes in intestinal, neuronal and cardiac preparations. Aliment Pharmacol Therap 2: loi-118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hills JM, Aaronson PI (1991) The mechanism of action of peppermint oil on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Gastroenterology loi: 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hills JM, Aaronson PI (1991) The mechanisms of action of peppermint oil on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Gastroenterol 101: 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtmann G, Gschossmann JM, Buenge L, Wieland V, Heydenreich CJ (2003) Effects of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil on symptoms and quality of life in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Phytomedicine 10 Suppl IV: 56–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Inoue H, Saito K, Koshihara Y, Murota S (1986) Inhibitory effect of glyzyrrhetinic acid derivatives of lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase. Chem Pharm Bull 34: 897.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isaac D (1980) Die Kamillentherapie — Erfolg and Bestätigung. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 120: 567–570.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jailwala J, Imperiale TF, Kroenke K (2000) Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 133: 136–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenss H (1985) Zur Problematik funktioneller Magen-Darm-Krankheiten am Beispiel des Colon irritabile. In: Oepen I (Hrsg) An den Grenzen der Schulmedizin, eine Analyse umstrittener Methoden. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag Cologne: 197–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kammerer E, Fintelmann V (2001) Curcuma-Wurzelstock bei dyspeptischen Beschwerden–Ergebnisse einer Anwendungsbeobachtung an 44o Patienten. NaturaMed 16: 18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassir ZA. Endoscopic controlled trial of four drug regimens in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration. Irish Med J. 1985; 78: 153–156.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchhoff R, Beckers CH, Kirchhoff GM, Trinczek-Gärtner H, Petrowicz O, Reimann HJ (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Increase in choleresis by means of artichoke extract. Phytomedicine 1: 107–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlstaedt E (1947) Choleretika, Cholekinetika and Cholagoga. Pharmazie 2: 529–536.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraft K (1997) Artichoke leaf extract — recent findings reflecting effects on lipid metabolism, liver and gastrointestinal tracts. Phytomedicine 4: 369–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kupke D, Sanden H, Trinczek-Gärtner H, Lewin J, Blümel G, Reimann HJ (1991) Prüfung der choleretischen Aktivität eines pflanzlichen Cholagogums. Z Allg Med 67: 1046–1058.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, Walker G, Roberts-Thomson IC (1988) Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 3: 235–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lech AY, Olesen KM, Hey H et al. (1988) Behandling of colon irritable med pebermynteolie. Ugeskr Laeger 150: 2388–2389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leicester RJ, Hunt RH (1982) Peppermint oil to reduce colonic spasm during endoscopy. Lancet: 989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, Huang CK, Poon SK (1997) Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 32: 765–768.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madisch A, Heydenreich CJ, Wieland V, Hufnagel R, Hutz J (1999) Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 49: 925–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madisch A, Hotz J (2000) Therapie von Reizmagen- und Reizdarmsyndrom aus klinischer Sicht. In: Rietbrock N (ed) Phytopharmaka VI–Foerschung und Praxis. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, pp. 193–200.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, Sassin I, Hotz J (2001) Ein Phytotherapeuticum und seine modifizierte Rezeptur bei funktioneller Dyspepsie. Ergebnisse einer doppelblinden placebokontrollierten Vergleichsstudie. Z Gastroenterol 39: 511–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madisch A, Plein K, Mayr G, Burchert D, Hotz J (2000) Benefit of a herbal preparation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: results of a blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Gastroenterology 118: A4440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maiwald L, Schwantes PA (1991) Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., eine Heilpflanze tritt aus dem Schattendasein. Z Phytother 12: 35–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF (1978) Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel. BMJ 2: 653–654.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell PR, Mendall MA, Kumar D (1997) Irritable bowel syndrome. The Lancet 35o: 1691–1695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May B, Köhler S, Schneider B (moo) Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14: 1671–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Köhler S (1996) Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 46: 1449–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Köhler S (1996) Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 46: 1149–1153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Micklefield GH (moo) Fixe Kombination aus Pfefferminzöl und Kümmelöl: Übersicht zur Pharmakologie und Klinik. In: In: Rietbrock N (Hrsg.) Phytopharmaka VI–Foerschung und Praxis. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, S. 209–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Micklefield GH, Greying I, May B (2000) Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodemal motility. Phytother Res 14: 20–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Möller K (1947) Pharmakologie, Benno Schwabe + Co Verlag Basel, 133–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nachmann M, Cole LP (1971) Role of taste in specific hungers. In: Beidler LM (ed) Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol IV, Chemical Senses 2, Taste, Springer. Berlin Heidelberg New York: 337–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nash P, Gould SR, Barnardo DE (1986) Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 4o: 292–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaidis S (1969) Early systemic responses in the regulation of food and water balance: functional and electrophysiological data. In: Neurol regulation of food and water intake. Ann NY Acad Sci 157: 1176–1203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolen HW, Friend DR (1994) Menthol-ß-Glucuronide: A potential prodrug for treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmaceutical Research u: 1707–1711.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirtkien R, Surhe E, Seybold G (1960) Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die choleretischen Wirkungen verschiedener Arzneimittel bei der Ratte. Med Welt 1: 1417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittler MH, Ernst E (1998) Artichoke leaf extract for serum cholesterol reduction. Perfusion u: 338–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittler MH, Ernst E (1998) Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 93: 1131–1135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rees WDW, Evans BK, Rhodes J (1979) Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Brit med J II: 835–838.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter M, Brandt W (1985) Erschlaffende Wirkungen auf die glatte Muskulatur von Trachea und Ileum des Meerschweinchens. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 35: 408–415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter U (1984) Therapie mit Choleretika und Cholekinetika. Med Mo Pharm 7: 99–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rösch W (2000) Stellenwert von Iberogast® beim Reizmagen-und Reizdarmsyndrom. In: Rietbrock N (Hrsg.) Phytopharmaka VI–Foerschung und Praxis. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, pp. 201–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilcher H (1987) Die Kamille Handbuch für Ärzte, Apotheker und andere Naturwissenschaftler. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilcher H (1997) Schöllkraut — Chelidonium majus L. Portrait einer Arzneipflanze. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 18: 356–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider MME, Otten MH (1990) Efficacy of Colpermin in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 98: A389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwenk HU, Horbach L (1978) Vergleichende klinische Untersuchung über die Wirksamkeit von Carminativum-Hetterich bei Kindern mittels wiederholter Sonographie des Abdomens. Therapiewoche 28: 2610–2615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw G, Scrivastava ED, Sadlier M et al. (1991) Stress management for irritable bowel syndrome: a controlled trial. Digestion 5o: 36–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sigmund ChJ, McNally EF (1969) The action of a carminative on the lower esophageal sphincter. Gastroenterol 56: 13–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville KW, Richmond CR, Bell GD (1984) Delayed-release peppermint oil capsules (Colpermin) for the spastic colon syndrome: a pharmacokinetic study. Br J Clin Pharmac 18: 638–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talley NJ, Stanghellini V, Heading RC et al. (1999) Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gut 45 (Suppl II) 1I37–II42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamura Y, Nishikawa T, Yamada K, Yamamoto M, Kumagai A (1979) Effects of glyzyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives on A4–5a-and 543-reductase in rat liver. Arzneimittel Forsch/Drug Res 29: 647.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan RX, Zheng WF, Tan HQ (1998) Biologically active substances from the genus Artemisia. Planta Med 64: 295–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor BA, Luscombe DK, Duthie HL (1983) Inhibitory effect of peppermint on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Gut 24: A992 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson WG, Creed F, Drossman DA, Heaton KW, Mazzacca G (1992) Functional bowel disease and functional abdominal pain. Gastroenterology International 5: 75–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri RA (2001) Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 97: 577–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiß RF (1991) Lehrbuch der Phytotherapie. 7th Ed. Hippokrates Verlag Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • White DA, Thompson SP, Wilson CG, Bell GD (1987) A pharmacokinetic comparison of two delayed-release peppermint oil preparations, Colpermin and Mintec, for treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Pharmaceutics 4o: 151–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wichtl M (ed) (1989) Teedrogen. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Stuttgart: 372–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymus (1994) Anwendung von Uzarabei unspezifischen Durchfallerkrankungen. Wissenschaftlicher Abschlußbericht, STADA Arzneimittel AG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal M, Hall T, Goldberg A. (eds.) (2003) The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. Austin, Tex: American Botanical Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins CW, Rister RS (eds.). Klein S, Rister RS (trans). (1998) The Complete German Commission E Monographs — Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. American Botanical Council, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böckeler, W. Thomas G (1989) In-vitro-Studien zur destabilisierenden Wirkung Lyophilisierter Saccharomyces cereviseae Hansen CBS 5926-Zellen auf Enterobakterien. Läßt sich diese Eigenschaft biochemisch erklären? In: Müller J, Ottenhann R, Seifert J (eds) Ökosystem Darm. Springer Verlag, pp 142–253.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Czerucka D, Roux I, Rampal P (1994) Sacccharomyces boulardii inhibits secretagogue-mediated adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate induction in intestinal cells. Gastroenterology 106: 65–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewe K (1983) Obstipation — Pathophysiologie, Klinik, Therapie. Int Welt 6: 286–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gedek B, Hagenhoff G (1989) Orale Verabreichung von lebensfähigen Zellen des Hefestammes Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926 und deren Schicksal während der Magen-Darm-Passage. Therapiewoche 38 (special issue): 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Höchter W, Chase D, Hagenhoff G (1990) Saccharomyces boulardii bei akuter Erwachsenendiarrhoe. Münch Med Wschr 132: 188–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hojgaard I, Arffmann S, Jorgenson M, Krag E (1981) Tea consumption: a cause of constipation. Br Med J 282: 864.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jahn HU, Zeitz M (1991) Immunmodulatorische Wirkung von Saccharomyces boulardii beim Menschen. In: Seifert J, Ottenhann R, Zeitz M, Brockenmühl J (eds). Ökosystem Darm III. Springer Verlag, pp 159–164.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kollaritsch HH, Tobüren D, Scheiner O, Wiedermann G (1988) Prophylaxe der Reisediarrhoe. Münch Med Wschr 130: 671–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludewig R (1995) Schwarzer und Grüner Tee als Genuß-und Heilmittel. Dtsch Apoth Z 135: 2203–2218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund K, Rimpler H (1985) Tormentillwurzel. Dtsch Apoth Z 125: 1105–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds JEF (ed) (1989) Martindale. The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 29th Ed. The Pharmaceutical Press, London, p 1535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massot J, Desconclois M, Astoin J (1982) Protection par Saccharomyces boulardii de la diarrhée à Escherichia coli du souriceau. Ann Pharm Fr 40: 445–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plein K, Hotz J (1993) Therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on mild residual symptoms in a stable phase of Crohn’s disease with special reference to chronic diarrhea–a pilot study. Z. Gastroenterol 31: 129–134.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz B, El Agamy R, Lindner K (1992) Uzarawurzel–seit 8o Jahren bewährt bei akuten Druchfallerkrankungen. Pharmazeutische Zeitung 137: 1697–1713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholz E, Bertram B (1995) Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze–Der Teestrauch. Z Phytother 17: 235–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulte FJ, Spranger J (1988) Lehrbuch der Kinderheilkunde. Fischer, Stuttgart, p 320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sollmann T (1948) A Manual of Pharmacology. 7th Ed. Saunders Company, Philadelphia London, p no.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surawicz C, Elmer GW, Speelman P, McFarland LV, Chinn J, van Belle G (1989) Die Prophylaxe Antibiotika-assoziierter Diarrhöen mit Saccharomyces boulardii. Eine prospektive Studie. Gastroenterol 96: 981–988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tempé JD, Steidel AL, Blehaut H, Hasselmann M, Lutun P, Maurier F (1983) Prévention par Saccharomyces boulardii des diarrhées de l’alimentation entérale à débit continu. La Semaine des Hôpitaux de Paris 59: 1409–1412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yajima T (1985) Contractile effect of short-chain fatty acids on the isolated colon of the rat. J Physiol 368: 667–678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bayne HJ. FDA Issues Final Rule Banning Use of Aloe and Cascara Sagrada in OTC Drug Products. HerbalGram. 2002; 56: 56

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunswick D, Mengs K (1997) Assessment of the genotoxic risk from laxative senna products. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 29: 1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings JH, Southgate DAT, Branch W, Houston H, Jenkins DJA, James WPT (1978) Colonic response to dietary fiber from carrot, cabbage, apple, bran, and guar gum. Lancet I: 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry CE (1982) laxative products. In: Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. Am Pharmac Assoc, Washington, pp 69–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufour P, Gendre P (1988) Long-term mucosal alterations by sennosides and related compounds. Pharmacology 36 (Suppl 1): 194–202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewe K (1988) Schwer therapiebare Formen der Pbstipation. Verhandl dtsch Ges Inn Med 94: 473–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewe K (1983) Obstipation–Pathophysiologie, Klinik, Therapie. Int Welt 6: 286–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fingl E (1980) Laxatives and cathartics. In: Goodman AF, Goodman L, Gilman A (eds) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 6th Ed. Macmillan, New York Toronto London, p 1004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gysling E (1976) Behandlung häufiger Symptome. Leitfaden zur Pharmakotherapie. Huber, Basel Bern Stuttgart Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huth K, Pötter C, Cremer CD (1980) Füll- und Quellstoffe als Zusatz industriell hergestellter Lebensmittel. In: Rottka H (ed) Pflanzenfasern-Ballaststoffe in der menschlichen Ernährung. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, pp 39–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutz J, Rösch W (eds) (1987) Funktionelle Störungen des Verdauungstrakts. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 200, 222.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper H (1980) Der Einfluß von Gallastoffen auf die Ausnutzung von Nährstoffen und Pharmaka. In: Rottka H (ed) Pflanzenfasern-Ballastoffe in der menschlichen Ernährung. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, pp 93–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasper H (1985) Ernährungsmedizin und Diätetik 5th Ed. Urban and Schwarzenberg. Munich Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leng-Peschlow E, Mengs U (1990) No renal pigmentation by Plantago ovata seeds or husks. Med Sci Res 18: 37–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loew D, Bergmann U, Dirschedl P, Schmidt M, Melching K, Hues B, Überla K (1996) Retro-und prospektive Fall-Kontroll-Studien zur Anthranoidlaxanzien. In: Loew D, Rietbrock N (Hrsg) Phytopharmaka II, Forschung und klinische Anwendung. Steinkopff, Stuttgart: 175–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mengs U (1996) Zur Sicherheit von Sennalaxanzien. In: Loew D, Rietbrock N (Hrsg) Phytopharmaka II, Forschung und klinische Anwendung. Steinkopff, Stuttgart: 161–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Lissner S (1987) Chronische Obstipation. Dtsch Med Wschr 112: 1223–1229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nusko G, Schneider B, I, Wittekind CH, Hahn EG (1996) Prospektive klinische Studie zur Sicherheit von Anthranoidlaxanzien. In: Loew D, Rietbrock N (Hrsg) Phytopharmaka II, Forschung und klinische Anwendung. Steinkopff, Stuttgart: 167–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruppin, H, Bar-Meir S, Soergel KH, Wood CM, Schmitt MG (1980) Absorption of short-chain fatty acids by the colon. Gastroenterol 78: 1500–1507.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz HU, Schürer M, Silber W (1998) Pharmakokinetische Untersuchungen eines Sennesfrüchte-Extraktes. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 19: 190–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz V, Löffler A, Gheeorghiu T (1983) Resorption von Blausäure aus Leinsamen. Leber Magen Darm 13: 10–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz V (1984) Clinical pharmacokinetics of nitroprusside, cyanide, thiosulphate, and thiocyanate. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 9: 239–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sewing KFR (1986) Obstipation. In: Fülgraff G, Palm D (eds) Pharmakotherapie, Klinische Pharmakologie. 6th Ed. Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 162–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith AN, Drummond E, Eastwood MA (1981) The effect of coarse and fine wheat bran on colonic motility in patients with diverticular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 2460–2464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephen AM, Cummings JH (1980) The microbial contribution to human fecal mass. J Med Microbiol 13: 45–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • USD (1967) The United States Dispensatory and Physicians’ Pharmacology. In: Osol R, Pratt R, Altschule MD (eds) Lippincott, Philadelphia Toronto, p 917.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Food and Drug Administration. 67 Federal Register 31125 (May 9, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber E (1988) Taschenbuch der unerwünschten Arzneiwirkungen. Fischer, Stuttgart New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinrich J (1980) Therapy of colon disease with a fiber-rich diet. In: Rottka H (ed) Pflanzenfasern-Ballaststoffe in der menschlichen Ernährung. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, pp 154–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yajima T (1985) Contractile effect of short-chain fatty acids on the isolated colon of the rat. J Physiol 368: 667–678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnone A, Merlini L, Zanarotti A (1979) Constituents of Silybum marianum. Structure of isosilybin and stereochemistry of isosilybin. J Chem Soc (Chem Commun): 696–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benda L, Dittrich H. Ferenzi P, Frank H, Wewalka F (1980) The influence of therapy with silymarin on the survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis. Wien Klin Wschr 92 (19): 678–683.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins CW, Rister RS (eds.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein S, Rister RS (trans). (1998) The Complete German Commission E Monographs — Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. American Botanical Council, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode JC (1986) Arzneimittel für die Indikation “Lebererkrankungen”. In: Dölle W, Müller-Oerlingshausen, B, Schwabe U (eds) Grundlagen der Arzneimitteltherapie. Entwicklung, Beurteilung und Anwendung von Arzneimitteln, B.I.-Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim Vienna Zurich, pp 202–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode JC (1981) Die alkoholische Hepatitis, ein Krankheitsspektrum. Internist zzo: 536–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boigk G, Stroedter L, Herbst H, Waldschmidt J, Riecken EO, Schuppan D (1997) Silymarin retards collagen accumulation in early and advanced biliary fibrosis secondary to complete bile duct obliteration in rats. Hepatology 26: 643–649.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dölle W, Schwabe U (1988) Leber- und Gallenwegstherapeutika. In: Schwabe U, Paffrath D (eds) Arzneiverordnungsreport 88. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart New York, pp 242–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst E, Pittler MH, Stevinson C, White A (zoo1) The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine - an evidence-based approach. Mosby, Edingurgh London New York, pp 134–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feher J, Deak G, Muezes G, Lang I, Niederland V, Nekam K, Karteszi M (1989) Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin Legalon therapy in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. Ory Hetil 130 (51): 2723–2727.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferenci P, Dragosics B, Dittrich H, Frank H, Benda L, Lochs H, Meryn S, Base W, Schneider B (1989) Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patient with cirrhosis of the liver. J Hepatol 9 (1): 105–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fintelmann V, Albert A (1980) Nachweis der therapeutischen Wirksamkeit von Legalon bei toxischen Lebererkrankungen im Doppelblindversuch. Therapiewoche 30 (35): 5589–5594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn G, Lehmann HD, Kürten M et al. (1968) Zur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie von Silymarin, des antihepatotoxischen Wirkprinzips aus Silybum marianum ( L.) Gaertn. Arzneim Forsch/ Drug Res 18: 696–704.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hruby K, Fuhrmann M, Csomos G, Thaler H (1983) Pharmakotherapie der Knollenblätterpilzvergiftung mit Silibinin. Wien Klin Wschr 95 (7): 225–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch H (1980) Leberschutz-Therapeutika. Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 9: 33–44, 65–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leng-Peschlow E, Strenge-Hesse A (1991) Die Mariendistel ( Silybum marianum) und Silymarin als Lebertherapeutikum. Z Phytother 12: 162–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz D, Mennicke WH, Behrendt W (1982) Untersuchungen zur Elimination von Silymarin bei cholecystektomierten Patienten. Planta Med 45: 216–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martines G, Copponi V, Cagnetta G (1980) Aspetti del danno epatico dopo somministrazione sperimentale diarrhea alcuni farmaci. Arch Sci Med 137: 367–386.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini GA (1988) Hepatocelluläre Erkrankungen, Leberkrankheiten. In: Riecker G (ed) Therapie innerer Krankheiten. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 638–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marugg D, Reutter FW (1985) Die Amanita-phalloides-Intoxikation. Moderne therapeutische Maßnahmen und klinischer Verlauf. Schweiz Rundschau Med (Praxis) 14 (37): 972–982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mennicke WH (1975) Zur biologischen Verfügbarkeit und Verstoffwechselung von Silybin. Dtsch Apoth Z 115 (33): 1205–1206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peeters H (ed) (1976) Phosphatidylcholine. Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Essential Phospholipids. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelter A, Hansel R (1969) The structure of silybin (Silybum substace E6), the first flavonolignan. Tetrahedron Letters 25: 2911–2916

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauen HM, Schriewer H (1971) Die antihepatotoxische Wirkung von Silymarin bei experimentellen Leberschäden der Ratte durch Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, D-Galaktosamin und Allylalkohol. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 21: 1194–1201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuter HD (1992) Spektrum Mariendistel und andere leber-und gallewirksame Phytopharmaka. In: Bundesverband Deutscher Ärzte für Naturheilverfahren (ed). Arzneimitteltherapie heute. Aesopus Verlag, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmi HA, Sarna S (1982) Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional und morphological alter- ations of the liver. A double-blind controlled study. Scand J Gastroenterol 17 (4): 517–521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz HU, Schürer M, Krumbiegel G, Wächter W, Weyhenmeyer R, Seidel G (1995). Untersuchungen zum Freisetzungsverhalten und zur Bioäquivalenz von Silymarin-Präparaten. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 45: 61–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuppan d, Lang T, Gerling G, Leng-Peschlow E, Krumbiegel G, Riecken EO, Waldschmidt J (1994) Antifibrotic effect of silymarin in rat secondary biliary fibrosis induced by bile duct obliteration with ethibloc. Z jGastroenterol 32: 45–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuppan D, Strösser W, Burkard G, Walosek G (1998) Verminderung der Fibrosierungsaktivität durch Legalon bei chronischen Lebererkrankungen. Z Allg Med 74: 577–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenbichler J, Zetl I (1984) Untersuchungen zum Wirkungsmechanismus von Silibinin, Einfluß von Silibinin auf die Synthese ribosomaler RNA, mRNA und tRNA in Rattenlebern in vivo. Hoppe-Syler’s Physiol Chem365: 555–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenbichler J, Zetl I (1986) Biochemical effects of the flavonolignane silibinin in RNA, protein and DNA synthesis in rat livers. Prog Clin Biol Res 213: 319–331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenbichler J, Zetl I (1987) Stimulating influence of a flavonolignane on proliferation, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis in liver cells. In: Okoliczânyi L, Csomós G, Crepaldi G (eds) Assessment and Management of Hepatobiliary Disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 265–272.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenbichler J, Zetl I (1988) Specific binding of a flavonolignane to an estradiol receptor. In: Plant Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine II: Biochemical, Cellular, and Medicinal Properties. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 369–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varis K, Salmi HA, Siurala M (1978) Die Therapie der Lebererkrankung mit Legalon; eine kontrollierte Doppelblindstudie. In: Aktuelle Hepatologie, Third International Symposoium, Cologne, Nov.15–17,1978. Hanseatisches Verlagskontor. Lübeck, pp 42–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel G, Görler K (1981) Lebertherapeutika. In: Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie. Vol.18, 4th Ed. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim New York, pp 132–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel G (1980) The anti-amanita effect of silymarin. In: Faulstich et al. (eds) Amanita toxins and poisoning. Witzstrock, Baden-Baden Cologne New York, pp 132–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel G (1980) The anti-amanita effect of silymarin. In: Faulstich et al. (eds) Amanita toxins and poisoning. Witzstrock, Baden-Baden Cologne New York, pp 180–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner H, Seligmann O, Seilz M, Abraham D, Sonnenbichler J (1976) Silydianin und Silychristin, zwei isomere Silymarine aus Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. ( Mariendistel ). Z Naturforsch 31b: 876–884.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oranienburger Chaussee 25, 13465, Berlin, Germany

    Prof. Dr. med. Volker Schulz

  2. Institut für Pharmakognosie und Phytochemie, Freien Universität Berlin, München, Germany

    Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rudolf Hänsel

  3. Westpreußenstraße 71, 81927, München, Germany

    Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rudolf Hänsel

  4. American Botanical Council, P.O. Box 144345, 78714-4345, Austin, TX, USA

    Mark Blumenthal (Founder & Executive Director)

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. med. Volker Schulz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rudolf Hänsel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mark Blumenthal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Prof. em. Varro E. Tyler Ph. D., Sc. D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schulz, V., Hänsel, R., Blumenthal, M., Tyler, V.E. (2004). Digestive System. In: Rational Phytotherapy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09666-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09666-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07406-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09666-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation