Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Predisposing Conditions for Acute Ischemic Syndromes pp 20–32Cite as

Inhibition of fibrinolysis in blood: circadian fluctuation and possible relevance to coronary artery disease

  • Conference paper

Abstract

The end-product of coagulation is a clot with a fibrin meshwork. Fibrin, however, is not a permanent structure, but stimulates a biochemical pathway that leads to its lysis pathway and fragmentation of the clot. Essential components of this, as a consequence, are the plasminogen activators (PAs). PAs convert the zymogen plasminogen to the ultimate fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin (Fig. 1). At least two types of PAs have been identified in plasma: one produced and secreted by endothelial cells (first isolated in urine), called tissue-type PA (t-PA), and another called urinary-type PA or urokinase (UK). UK was later also identified in plasma, mainly as a proenzyme known as pro-urokinase (pro-UK). t-PA and pro-UK both activate plasminogen, preferentially in the presence of fibrin, but by different mechanisms (for review, see [5]).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aillaud MF, Pignol F, Alessi MC, Harle JR, Escande M, Mongin M, Juhan-Vague I (1986) Increase in plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor VIII: C and in erythrocyte sedimentation rate with age. Thromb Haemost 55: 330–332

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aimer L-O, Ohlin H (1987) Elevated levels of the rapid inhibitor of plasminogen-activator (tPAI) in acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 47: 335–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Andreotti F, Davies GJ, Hackett D, Khan MI, deBart A, Aber VR, Maseri A, Kluft C (1988) Major circadian fluctuations of fibrinolytic factors and possible relevance to time of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke. Am J Cardiol, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Andreotti F, Davies GJ, Hackett D, Khan MI, deBart A, Dooijewaard G, Maseri A, Kluft C (1988) Circadian variation of fibrinolytic factors in normal human plasma. Fibrinolysis 2 (2): 90–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bachmann F (1987) Fibrinolysis. In: Verstraete M, Vermylen J, Leijnen L, Arnout J (eds) Thrombosis and Haemostasis. and Leuven University Press, Leuven, p 227–265

    Google Scholar 

  6. Binnema DJ, van Iersel JJL, Dooijewaard G (1986) Quantitation of urokinase antigen in plasma and culture media by use of an ELI SA. Thromb Res 43: 569–577

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bosma PJ, van den Berg EA, Kooistra T, Siemieniak DR, Slightom JL (1988) Human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene; promoter and structural gene nucleotide sequences. J Biol Chem in press

    Google Scholar 

  8. Brommer EJP, Boks AL, Koopman J, Haverkate F (1985) Protraction of whole blood and plasma clot lysis in patients with high levels of an inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator. Thromb Res 39: 271–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chakrabarti R, Hocking ED, Fearnley GR, Mann RD, Attwell TN, Jackson D (1968) Fibrinolytic activity and coronary artery disease. Lancet 1: 987–990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cepelak VV, Barcal R, Lang N, Cepelakova H (1966) Zum Tag-and Nachtrhythmus der Fibrinolyse. Zschr Inn Med 21: 202–204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cepelak VV, Barcal R, Cepelakova H, Mayer 0 (1978) Circadian Rhythm of Fibrinolysis In: Davidson JF, Rowan RM, Samama MM, Desnoyers PC, eds. Progress in Chemical Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis. Raven Press, New York, p 571–578

    Google Scholar 

  12. Davies MJ, Thomas A (1984) Thrombosis and acute coronary artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death. N Engl J Med 310: 1137–1140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske R, Mouser LT, Burroughs R, Golden MS, Lang T (1980) Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 303: 897–902

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dooijewaard G, van Iersel JJL, Brommer EJP (1986) Quantitation of Pro-UK, UK and UK. Inhibitor levels in plasma of patients and healthy men. Fibrinolysis 1 (1): A142

    Google Scholar 

  15. Estelles A, Tormo G, Aznar J, Espana F, Tormo V (1985) Reduced fibrinolytic activity in coronary heart disease in basal conditions and after exercise. Thromb Res 40: 373–383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fearnley GR, Balmforth G, Fearnley E (1957) Evidence of a diurnal fibrinolytic rhythm; with a simple method of measuring natural fibrinolysis. Clin Sci 16: 645–650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Franzen J, Nilsson B, Johansson BW, Nilsson IM (1983) Fibrinolytic activity in men with acute myocardial infarction before 60 years of age. Acta Med Scand 214: 339–344

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gidron E, Margalit R, Oliven A, Shalitin Y (1977) Effect of myocardial infarction on components of fibrinolytic system. Br Heart J 39: 19–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gram J, Jespersen J (1987) A selective depression of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity in euglobulins characterises a risk group among survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 57: 137–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Grimaudo V, Hauert J, Bachmann F, Kruithof EKO (1988) Diurnal variation of the fibrinolytic system. Thromb Haemost 59: 495–499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hamsten A, Wiman B, de Faire U, Blomback M (1985) Increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in young survivors of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 313: 1557–1563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hamsten A, Blomback M, Wiman B, Svensson J, Szamosi A, de Faire U, Mettinger L (1986) Haemostatic function in myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 55: 58–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hamsten A, Walldius G, Szamosi A, Blomback M, de Faire U, Dahlen G, Landou C, Wiman B (1987) Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma: risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Lancet 2: 3–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hashimoto T, Kobayashi A, Yamaxaki N, Sugawara Y, Takada Y, Takada A (1987) Relationship between age and plasma t-PA, PA-inhibitor and PA activity. Thromb Res 46: 625

    Google Scholar 

  25. Huber K, Resch I, Rose D, Schuster E, Glogar D, Binder BR (1987) Circadian variation of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and the incidence of severe ischaemic attacks in patients with coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 58 (1): A224

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hume R (1958) Fibrinolysis in myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 20: 15–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Jespersen J, Kluft C (1986) Inhibition of tissue-type plasminogen activator in women using oral contraceptives and in normal women during a menstrual cycle. Thromb Haemost 55: 388–389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kluft C (1978) Cl-inactivator-resistant fibrinolytic activity in plasma euglobulin fractions: Its relation to vascular activator in blood and its role in euglobulin fibrinolysis. Thromb Res 13: 135–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kluft C, Verheijen JH, Jie AFH, Rijken DC, Preston FE, Sue-Ling HM, Jespersen J, Aasen AO (1985) The postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown: a rapidly reverting acute phase pattern for the fast-acting inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator after trauma. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 45: 605–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kluft C, Verheijen JH, Rijken DC, Chang GTG, Jie AFH, Onkelinx C (1985) Diurnal fluctuations in the activity of the fast-acting t-PA inhibitor. In: Davidson JF, Donati MB, Coccheri S (eds) Progress in Fibrinolysis. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, vol 7, p 117–119

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kluft C (1988) t-PA in fibrin dissolution and haemostasis. In: Kluft C (ed) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA): physiological and clinical aspects. CRC press, Boca Raton, vol 1, p 47–49

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kluft C, Jie AFH, Rijken DC, Verheijen JH (1988) Daytime fluctuations in blood of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its fast-acting inhibitor (PAI-1). Thromb Haemost 59: 329–332

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kluft C, Andreotti F (1988) Consequences of the circadian fluctuation in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) for studies on blood fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis 2 (2): 93–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Komamura K, Hirayama A, Yamamoto K, Nanto S, Mishima M, Kodoma K (1988) Transient increase in endogenous plasma tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC 11 (2): 53A

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kruithof EKO, Nicoloso G, Bachmann F (1987) Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Development of a radioimmunoassay and observations on its plasma concentration during venous occlusion and after platelet aggregation. Blood 70: 1645–1653

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kruithof EKO, Gudinchet A, Bachmann F (1988) PAI-1 and PAI-2 in various disease states. Thromb Haemost 59: 7–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kunitz SC, Gross CR, Heyman A, Kase CS, Mohr JP, Price TR, Wolf PA (1984) The pilot stroke data bank: definition, design and data. Stroke 15: 740–746

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mann RD (1967) Effect of age, sex and diurnal variation on the human fibrinolytic system. J Clin Path 20: 223–226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Marshall J (1977) Diurnal variation in occurrence of strokes. Stroke 88: 230–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Mehta J, Mehta P, Lawson D, Saldeen T (1987) Plasma tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor levels in coronary artery disease: correlation with age and serum triglyceride concentrations. JACC 9: 263–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Menon IS, White RWB, Smith PA, Dewar HA (1967) Diurnal variations of fibrinolytic activity and plasma-1 1-hydroxycorticosteroid levels. Lancet 2: 531–533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Merskey C, Gordon H, Lackner H (1960) Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in relation to coronary heart disease. Br Med J: 219–226

    Google Scholar 

  43. Muller JE, Stone PH, Turl ZG, Rutherford JD, Czeisler CA, Parker C, Poole WK et al. (1985) Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 313: 1315–1322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Muller JE, Ludmer PL, Willich SN, Tofler GH, Aylmer G, Klangos I, Stone PH (1987) Circadian variation in the frequency of sudden cardiac death. Circulation 75: 131–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Neerstrand H, Ostergaard P, Bergqvist D, Matzsch T, Hedner MU (1987) tPA inhibitor, tPA:Ag, Plasminogen, and a2-antiplasmin after low molecular weight heparin or standard heparin. Fibrinolysis 1: 39–43

    Google Scholar 

  46. Nilsson TK, Johnson 0 (1987) The exztrinsic fibrinolytic system in survivors of myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 48: 621–630

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ogston D, Fullerton HW (1965) Plasma fibrinolytic activity following recent myocardial and cerebral infarction. Lancet 2: 99–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Paramo JA, Colucci M, Cohen D (1985) Plasminogen activator inhibitor in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease. Br Med J 291: 573–574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Petralito A, Mangiafico RA, Gibiino S, Cuffari MA, Mlano MF, Fiore CE (1982) Daily modifications of plasma fibrinogen, platelets aggregation, Howell’s time, PTT, TT, and antithrombin III in normal subjects and in patients with vascular disease. Chronobiologia 9: 195–201

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ranby M, Bergsdorf N, Nilsson T, Mellbring G, Winblad B, Bucht G (1986) Age dependence of tissue plasminogen activator concentrations in plasma, as studied by an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clin Chem 32: 2160–2165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rosing DR, Brakman P, Redwood DR, Goldstein RE, Beiser GD, Astrup T, Epstein SE (1970) Blood fibrinolytic activity in man: Diurnal variation and the response to varying intensities of exercise. Circ Res 27: 171–184

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rosing DR, Redwood DR, Brakman P, Astrup T, Epstein SE (1973) Impairment of the diurnal fibrinolytic response in man: effects of aging, type IV hyperlipoproteinemia and coronary artery disease. Circ Res 32: 752–758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Simpson HCR, Meade TW, Stirling Y, Mann JI, Chakrabarti R, Woolf L (1983) Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercoagulability. Lancet 1: 786–790

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Six A, Liem MK, Haas FJLM, van Hemel NM, Dooijewaard G, Kluft C (1988) The state of the fibrinolytic system during the early phase of myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Fibrinolysis 2(1): Al5

    Google Scholar 

  55. Sprengers ED, Kluft C (1987) Plasminogen activator inhibitors. Blood 69: 381–387.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Stibbe J, Kluft C, Brommer EP, Gomes M, de Jong DS, Nauta J (1984) Enhanced fibrinolytic activity during cardiopulmonary bypass in open-heart surgery in man is caused by extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator. Eur J Clin Invest 14: 375–382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Tofler GH, Brezinski D, Schafer AI, Czeisler CA, Ruthenford JD, Willich SN, Gleason RE, Williams GH, Muller JE (1987) Concurrent morning increase in platelet aggregability and the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 316: 1514–1518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Verheijen JH, Chang GTG, Kluft C (1984) Evidence for the occurrence of a fast acting inhibitor for tissue-type plasminogen activator in human plasma. Thromb Haemost 51: 392–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Verheijen JH, Rijken DC, Chang GTG, Preston FE, Kluft C (1984) Modulation of rapid plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma by stanozolol. Thromb Haemost 51: 396–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Verheugt FWA, ten Cate JW, Sturk A, Imandt L, Verhorst PMJ, van Eenige MJ, Verwey W, Roos JP (1987) Tissue plasminogen activator activity and inhibition in acute myocardial infarction and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 59: 1075–1079

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Walker ID, Davidson JF, Hutton I, Lawrie TDV (1977) Disordered “fibrinolytic potential” in coronary heart disease. Thromb Res 10: 509–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Willich SN, Levy D, Rocco MB. Tofler GH, Stone PH, Muller JE (1987) Circadian variation in the incidence of sudden cardiac death in the Framingham Heart Study Population. Am J Cardiol 60: 801–806

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Willich SN, Sintonen SP, Bhatia SS, Tofler GH, Shook TL, Muller JE, Williams GH, Stone PH (1988) Morning increase of platelet aggregability in patients with coronary artery disease. JACC 11: 204A

    Google Scholar 

  64. World Health Organization Myocardial Infarction Community Registers (1979) In: Public Health in Europe. Regional Office for Europe (WHO), Copenhagen, Vol 5, p 1–232.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Research Unit RPMS, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W 12 ONN, UK

    F. Andreotti, G. J. Davies & A. Maseri

  2. TNO Gaubius Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands

    C. Kluft

Authors
  1. F. Andreotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. J. Davies
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Maseri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. C. Kluft
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. I. Med. Klinik, Krankenanstalten Rotes Kreuz, Nymphenburger Str. 163, 8000, München 19, Germany

    Th. v. Arnim (Chefarzt) (Chefarzt)

  2. Cardiovascular Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, W12 OHS, London, UK

    A. Maseri

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Andreotti, F., Davies, G.J., Maseri, A., Kluft, C. (1989). Inhibition of fibrinolysis in blood: circadian fluctuation and possible relevance to coronary artery disease. In: v. Arnim, T., Maseri, A. (eds) Predisposing Conditions for Acute Ischemic Syndromes. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09434-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09434-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-09436-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09434-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation