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Gutartige Erkrankungen von Ösophagus und Kardia

  • Chapter
Praxis der Viszeralchirurgie

Zusammenfassung

Der Ösophagus des erwachsenen Menschen ist ein ca. 24–27 cm langer Muskelschlauch mit phasisch-tonisch kontrahierten Sphinkteren an seinem proximalen (oberer Ösophagussphinkter) und distalen (unterer Ösophagussphinkter) Ende. Die Funktion der tubulären Speiseröhre kann am besten mit einer artesischen Pumpe verglichen werden, die die Nahrung gegen ein Druckgefälle vom intrathorakalen Ösophagus mit seinem negativen Ruhedruck (ca. -6 mmHg) in den Magen mit seinem positiven Ruhedruck (ca. + 6 mm Hg) transportiert. Der obere und untere Ösophagussphinkter dienen als Barriere oder funktionelle Ventile zwischen Hypopharynx und tubulärem Ösophagus bzw. tubulärem Ösophagus und Magen. Die Trennung kommt durch eine phasisch-tonische Muskelkontraktion zu Stande. Dadurch entsteht im Ruhezustand eine Druckbarriere, die die Kompartments funktionell voneinander separiert. Bei der Boluspassage erschlaffen die Sphinkteren und geben den Weg für die Speise frei.

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Authors
  1. H. J. Stein
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  2. D. Liebermann-Meffert
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  3. H. Feussner
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  4. M. Feith
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  5. J. Theisen
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  6. J. R. Siewert
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    J. R. Siewert

  2. Department für Chirurgie, Kantonsspital Basel, Spitalstraße 21, 4031, Basel, Schweiz

    F. Harder

  3. Klinik für Allgemeinchirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin I, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland

    M. Rothmund

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Stein, H.J., Liebermann-Meffert, D., Feussner, H., Feith, M., Theisen, J., Siewert, J.R. (2002). Gutartige Erkrankungen von Ösophagus und Kardia. In: Siewert, J.R., Harder, F., Rothmund, M. (eds) Praxis der Viszeralchirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09418-1_24

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