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Rhythms in Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

  • Chapter
Physiology and Pharmacology of Biological Rhythms

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 125))

Abstract

Pharmacokinetics is the discipline that quantifies the processes concerning the changes of drug concentrations within the body, whereas pharmacodynamics is the study of the biological response to a drug. Hence, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug are pharmacokinetic processes that are described in vivo by linear mathematical expressions of drug concentrations related to the times after ingestion. Figure 1 shows the relationship of these events after oral drug administration. Different parameters such as absorption and elimination rate constants, volume of distribution, and clearance are derived from these equations and quantitatively describe each one of these processes for a particular drug under various clinical situations. Over the years, the use of these parameters has provided the basis for the study of the various factors modifying the rates of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, such as the physicochemical properties of drugs, routes and forms of administration, age, diseases, race, enzyme induction or inhibition, drug interactions, etc. Drugs are usually administered to humans once or many times at different hours of the day, depending on their rate of absorption and elimination, and the times of drug ingestion are randomly selected but convenient to the active period of the patient and to the medical attendants. The aim of the pharmacokineticist is to achieve a steady state blood level of the drug and hence a constant effect by sequential administration of the same dose of the agent at different times of the day.

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  1. P. M. Bélanger
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  2. B. Bruguerolle
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  3. G. Labrecque
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA1 7AY, Bath, UK

    Peter H. Redfern BPharm, PhD

  2. Instituts für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Fakultät für klinische Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Maybachstr. 14-16, 68169, Mannheim, Germany

    B. Lemmer (Direktor) (Direktor)

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Bélanger, P.M., Bruguerolle, B., Labrecque, G. (1997). Rhythms in Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion. In: Redfern, P.H., Lemmer, B. (eds) Physiology and Pharmacology of Biological Rhythms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 125. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09355-9_8

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