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Physiologie des Menschen pp 737–771Cite as

Niere

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Zusammenfassung

Die 14 jährige U. L wacht eines morgens mit geschwollenen Augenlidern auf. Beim Wasserlassen fällt ihr auf, daß der Urin schäumt. Beunruhigt sucht sie den Arzt auf, der periphere Ödeme, eine massive Proteinurie und einen gesteigerten Blutdruck feststellt. Er stellt die Diagnose Glomerulonephritis.

Die Aufgabe der Nierenglomerula ist die Filtration von normalerweise etwa 150 Litern am Tag, wobei die Plasmaproteine aufgrund der Permselektivität des glomerulären Filters weitgehend im Blut zurückgehalten werden. Eine entzündliche Schädigung des Glomerulum (Glomerulonephritis) zerstört den Filter und hebt damit dessen Permselektivität auf. Die filtrierten Proteine können nur zu einem kleinen Teil von den Nierentubuli resorbiert werden und werden demnach ausgeschieden. Der proteinreiche Urin schäumt. Der Verlust der Proteine durch die Nieren senkt den onkotischen Druck im Blut und begünstigt auf diese Weise das Auftreten von Ödemen. Die Ödeme sind natürlich auch Folge gleichzeitiger Schädigung der peripheren Kapillaren. Die Entzündung der Glomerula mindert ferner die Durchblutung der Niere, und es kommt unter anderem über Ausschüttung von Renin und Bildung von Angiotensin II zum Blutdruckanstieg.

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Authors
  1. F. Lang
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  2. M. Fromm
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Robert F. Schmidt

  2. Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099, Mainz, Deutschland

    Gerhard Thews

  3. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Gmelinstraße 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Florian Lang

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© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Lang, F., Fromm, M. (2000). Niere. In: Schmidt, R.F., Thews, G., Lang, F. (eds) Physiologie des Menschen. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09346-7_35

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09346-7_35

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