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Vegetatives Nervensystem

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Physiologie des Menschen

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

Zusammenfassung

Das vegetative Nervensystem innerviert hauptsächlich die glatte Muskulatur aller Organe, das Herz und die Drüsen. Die Wirkungen des vegetativen Nervensystems sind auf die neuronale Kontrolle des inneren Milieus gerichtet. Diese Wirkungen sind der direkten willkürlichen Kontrolle weitgehend entzogen; deshalb wird dieses Nervensystem auch als autonomes Nervensystem bezeichnet. Diese Charakteristika grenzen das vegetative Nervensystem grob vom somatischen Nervensystem ab, welches die afferente und efferente Kommunikation mit der Umwelt besorgt und zum Teil dem Bewußtsein und der willkürlichen Kontrolle unterliegt.

Vegetatives und somatisches Nervensystem arbeiten Hand in Hand. Ihre neuronalen morphologischen Substrate sind zentral, besonders im oberen Hirnstamm, im Hypothalamus und Großhirn, nicht mehr eindeutig voneinander zu trennen. In der Peripherie kann man dagegen beide Nervensysteme morphologisch und in ihren Effekten meist klar voneinander trennen. Die Hauptfunktionen des vegetativen Nervensystems sind, das innere Milieu des Körpers innerhalb von Grenzen zu halten, die optimal für die Zellfunktionen sind (Homöostase; s. Cannon [5]). Es tritt besonders in Aktion, wenn der Organismus belastet wird (z. B.bei mechanischer Arbeit, Nahrungsaufnahme, Flüssigkeitsbelastung, thermischer Belastung). Darüber hinaus kontrolliert das vegetative Nervensystem auch Organe und Organsysteme, die nur mittelbar mit den homöostatischen Funktionen im Zusammenhang stehen (z. B. neuronale Kontrolle der Sexualorgane und der inneren Augenmuskulatur).

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Authors
  1. W. Jänig
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Robert F. Schmidt

  2. Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099, Mainz, Deutschland

    Gerhard Thews

  3. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Gmelinstraße 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Florian Lang

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Jänig, W. (2000). Vegetatives Nervensystem. In: Schmidt, R.F., Thews, G., Lang, F. (eds) Physiologie des Menschen. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09346-7_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09346-7_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-09347-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09346-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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