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Monoklonale Antikörpertechnik

  • Chapter
Molekular- und Zellbiologische Grundlagen

Part of the book series: Handbuch der Molekularen Medizin ((HDBMOLEK,volume 1))

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Zusammenfassung

Antikörper sind Moleküle der körpereigenen immunologischen Abwehr bei Mensch und Tier. Ihre Spezifität und damit Vielfalt scheint unbegrenzt, reagieren sie doch nicht nur mit den unterschiedlichen Viren, Bakterien oder Pilzen, sondern auch mit natürlicherweise nicht vorkommenden Substanzen aus dem Labor. Die als Antigene bezeichneten Komponenten, mit denen die Antikörper reagieren, sind meist Proteine, Polypeptide oder Kohlenhydrate. Antikörper erkennen Antigene als 3dimensionale Strukturen, d. h. Antigenerkennung ist Mustererkennung. Für jedes Muster gibt es zahlreiche mehr oder weniger gut passende Antikörper, die untereinander durch bestimmte strukturelle Differenzen charakterisiert sind. Antikörperbildung erfolgt nach Kontakt des Antigens mit Zellen des Immunsystems. Dieser Prozeß ist außerordentlich komplex und schließt die intrazellulare Aufarbeitung bzw. Zerlegung von großen Molekülen in kleinere antigene Fragmente und die Kooperation verschiedener Zelltypen ein, bis es nach Differenzierung der B-Lymphozyten-Vorstufen zur Bildung Antikörper-produzierender Plasmazellen kommt.

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  1. Günter Pasternak
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Pasternak, G. (1997). Monoklonale Antikörpertechnik. In: Ganten, D., Ruckpaul, K. (eds) Molekular- und Zellbiologische Grundlagen. Handbuch der Molekularen Medizin, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08822-7_5

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