Abstract
The genus Ocimum of the mint family Labiatae, some of which are well known as ‘basil’, is found in temperate regions in the world. The plants are popularly used as culinary herbs and flower garden ornamentals. One of the major species of basil is O. basilicum L. (sweet basil, Fig. 1), which has some varieties such as O. basilicum ‘Cinnamon’ (cinnamon basil), ‘Crispum’ (lettuce-leaf basil), ‘Minimum’ (bush basil) and Purpurascens’ (dark opal basil). It is an aromatic annual herb, native of tropical Asia, Africa and islands of the Pacific Ocean (Hikawa 1998). Holy basil (O. sanctum), frequently cultivated in warm parts of Asia (in conjunction with the Hindu religion), has a sweet fragrance and is popularly used as an ornamental.. The perennial O. basilicum ‘Citriodorum’ (lemon basil) has a strong lemon fragrance which is appropriate for kitchen vinegar. Tree basil (O. suave) of Africa, which is a many branched shrub and closely resembles O. gratissimum (tea bush) of India, is an important garden tree, growing in well-drained soil and a sunny location (Everett 1981).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Dalton CC (1983) Chlorophyll production in fed-batch cultures of Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil). Plant Sci Lett 32:263–270
Dalton CC (1984) The effect of sugar supply rate on photosynthetic development of Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) cells in continuous culture. J Exp Bot 35:505–516
Everett TH (1981) OCIMUM, the New York botanical garden illustrated encyclopedia of horticulture, vol 7. Garland, New York, 361 pp
Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K(1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50:151–158
Gerhardt U, Schroter A (1983) Rosmarinsäure-ein natürlich vorkommendes Antioxidans in Gewürzen. Fleischwirtschaft 63:1628–1630
Hikawa M (1998) Basil, science of herb. Yokendo Ltd, Tokyo, pp 164–167
Hisano H, Ishimaru K, Tada H, Ikeda Y (1995) Flavors of heliotrope flowers, analyzed by solid phase microextraction method. Jpn J Food Chem 2:6–8
Kelley CJ, Mahajan JR, Brooks LC, Neubert LA, Breneman WR, Carmack M (1975) Polyphenolic acids of Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm. (Boraginaceae). 1. Isolation and structure determination of lithospermic acid. J Org Chem 40:1804–1815
Lee Kuo-H, Kashiwada Y, Nonaka G, Nishioka I, Nishizawa M, Yamagishi T, Bodner AJ, Kikuskie RE, Cheng Yung-C (1992) Tannins and related compounds as anti-HIV agents. In: Chu CK, Cutler HG (eds) Natural products as antiviral agents. Plenum Press, New York, pp 69–90
Lloyd G, McCown B (1980) Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Int Plant Prop Soc 30:421–427
Matsubara S, Ino M, Murakami K, Kamada M, Ishihara I (1996) Callus formation and plant regeneration of herbs in Perilla family. Sci Rep Fac Agric Okayama Univ 85:23–30
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Omoto T, Murakami Y, Shimomura K, Yoshihira K, Mori K, Nakashima T, Tanaka M, Ishimaru K (1997) Caffeic acid derivatives in Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae plants. Jpn j Food Chem 4:11–16
Petit A, David C, Dahl GA, Ellis JG, Guyon P, Casse-Delbart F, Tempe J (1983) Further extension of the opine concept: plasmids in Agrobacterium rhizogenes cooperate for opine degradation. Mol Gen Genet 190:204–214
Reschke A (1983) Capillargaschromatographische Bestimmung der rosmarinsäure in Blattgewürzen. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 176:116–119
Tada H, Murakami Y, Omoto T, Shimomura K, Ishimaru K (1996a) Rosmarinic acid and related phenolics in adventitious root cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. Plant Tissue Cult Lett 13:69–71
Tada H, Ikeda Y, Omoto T, Shimomura K, Ishimaru K (1996b) Rosmarinic acid and related phenolics in hairy root cultures of Ocimum basilicum, Phytochemistry 42:431–434
Tanaka N (1990) Detection of opines by paper electrophoresis. Plant Tissue Cult Lett 7:45–47
Tanaka T, Morimoto S, Nonaka G, Nishioka I, Yokozawa T, Chung H Y, Oura H (1989) Magnesium and ammonium-potassium lithospermates B, the active principles having a uremiapreventive effect from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Chem Pharm Bull 37:340–344
Vervliet G, Holsters M, Teuchy H, Van Montagu M, Schell J (1975) Characterization of different plaque-forming and defective temperate phages in Agrobacterium strains. J Gen Virol 26:33–48
Yokozawa T, Chung HY, Lee TW, Oura H, Tanaka T, Nonaka G, Nishioka I (1989) Effect of magnesium lithospermate B on urinary excretion of arachidonate metabolites in rats with renal failure. Chem Pharm Bull 37:2766–2769
Yokozawa T, Lee TW, Chung HY, Oura H, Nonaka G, Nishioka I (1990a) Effect of magnesium lithospermate B on urinary prostaglandins in rats with renal failure. J Nat Prod 53:662–665
Yokozawa T, Lee TW, Chung HY, Oura H, Nonaka G, Nishioka I (1990b) Renal responses to magnesium lithospermate B. J Pharm Pharmacol 42:712–715
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ishimaru, K., Murakami, Y., Shimomura, K. (2002). In Vitro Culture and the Production of Polyphenol and Volatile Compounds in Ocimum . In: Nagata, T., Ebizuka, Y. (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XII. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08616-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08616-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07503-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-08616-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive