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Infektionserkrankungen der Schwangeren und des Neugeborenen pp 10–23Cite as

Entwicklung des Immunsystems von Fetus und Neugeborenem

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Zusammenfassung

Eine wichtige Aufgabe des Immunsystems ist die Abwehr von Krankheitserregern. Mit Beginn der Geburt und manchmal bereits pränatal in utero wird der Mensch mit einer Vielzahl von Mikroorganismen konfrontiert. Diese Mikroorganismen unterscheiden sich in Struktur, Biochemie und ihrer Fähigkeit den Wirt zu besiedeln oder gefährliche Infektionen hervorzurufen. Bei einem Teil der Mikroorganismen besteht eine Symbiose mit dem Wirt. Die normale Bakterienflora z.B. auf Schleimhaut und Haut befindet sich in einem dynamischen, aber stabilen Gleichgewicht und verursacht keine Erkrankung. Dieses Gleichgewicht kann gestört werden und harmlose Mikroorganismen werden pathogen. Diese Störungen können sein: Schädigung der Haut oder Schleimhaut durch Verletzungen (z.B. Durchtrennung der Nabelschnur) oder Ischämie (v. a. des Darmes), Öffnen oder Überbrücken der äußeren Barrieren durch Insertion von Fremdkörpern (venöse Zugänge, Magensonden, endotracheale Intubation), oder Schwächung der Immunabwehr (physiologisch durch Unreife). Sind Bakterien oder Viren über die mechanische Barriere hinweg ins Körperinnere eingedrungen, stehen dem Wirtsorganismus weitere Abwehrmechanismen zur Verfügung. Sie stellen die angeborenen (unspezifischen) sowie die erworbenen (spezifischen) Bestandteile der Immunabwehr dar, die beide sowohl durch humorale als auch zelluläre Kompartimente vermittelt werden (Tabelle 1).

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Authors
  1. E. P. Zilow
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  2. G. Zilow
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Frauenklinik Klinikum Mannheim, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 68167, Mannheim, Germany

    Klaus Friese

  2. Kinderklinik Klinikum Mannheim, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 68167, Mannheim, Germany

    Walter Kachel

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© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Zilow, E.P., Zilow, G. (1994). Entwicklung des Immunsystems von Fetus und Neugeborenem. In: Friese, K., Kachel, W. (eds) Infektionserkrankungen der Schwangeren und des Neugeborenen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07889-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07889-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-07890-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07889-1

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