Skip to main content

Abstract

The synovium forms the lining of joints, tendons, and bursae. Cells of the synovial membrane regulate the exchange of substances between blood and synovial fluid, and they synthesize hyaluronate, which is a major component of the synovial fluid [3]. There are considerable differences in the appearance of the synovial membrane, depending on local mechanical factors and the nature of the underlying tissue. For instance, in high-pressure joints the synovium is flat and acellular whereas in other joints it resembles cuboidal or columnar epithelium [39].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Atmore WG, Dahlin DC, Ghormley RK (1956) Pigmented villonodular synovitis: a clinical and pathologic study. Minn Med 39: 196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Azouz EM, Kozlowski K, Masel J (1989) Soft tissue tumors of the hand and wrist in children. Can Assoc Radiol J 40: 251–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Barland P, Novokoff AB, Hamerman D (1962) Electron microscopy of the human synovial membrane. J Cell Biol 14: 207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Berquist TH, Ehman RL, King BF (1990) Value of MR imaging in differentiating benign from malignant soft-tissue masses: study of 95 lesions. Am J Roentgenol 155: 1251–1255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bernreuter WK (1990) Magnetic resonance imaging of synovial sarcoma. J Foot Surg 29: 94–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Breimer CW, Freiberger RH (1958) Bone lesions associated with villonodular synovitis. Am J Roentgenol 79: 618–629

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Buck P (1981) Synovial sarcoma: a review of 33 cases. Clin Orthop 156: 211–215

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Burk DL, Dalinka MK, Kanal E, Schiebler ML, Cohen EK, Prorok RJ, Gefter WB, Kressel HY (1988) Meniscal and ganglion cysts of the knee: MR evaluation. Am J Roentgenol 150: 331–336

    Google Scholar 

  9. Byers PD, Cotton RE, Deacon OW, Lowy M, Newman PH, Sissons HA, Thomson AD (1968) The diagnosis and treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 50: 290–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cadman NL, Soule EH, Kelly PJ (1965) Synovial sarcoma: an analysis of 134 tumors. Cancer 18: 613–627

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Carrillo R, El Naggar AK, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Batsakis JG (1992) Synovial sarcoma of the tongue: case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 50: 904–906

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Carstens PHB, Howell RS (1979) Malignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 382: 237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Crim JR, Seeger LL, Yao L, Chandnani V, Eckardt JJ (1992) Diagnosis of soft-tissue masses with MR imaging: can benign masses be differentiated from malignant ones? Radiology 185: 581–586

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Crosby EB, Inglis A, Bullough PG (1977) Multiple joint involvement with pigmented villonodular synovitis. Radiology 122: 671

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. De Schepper AM, Degryse HR, Ramon FA, Van Marck EA (1992) Extraabdominal desmoid tumors. J Belge Radiol 75: 91–98

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. De Schepper AMA, Ramon F (eds) (1993) Medical imaging of soft tissue tumors. Schering AG, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  17. Docken WP (1979) Pigmented villonodular synovitis: a review with illustrative case reports. Semin Arthritis Rheum 9: 1–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Enzinger FM (1965) Recent trends in soft tissue pathology. In: Enzinger FM (ed) Tumors of bone and soft tissue. Eigth Annual Clinical Conference on Cancer. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 315–332

    Google Scholar 

  19. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (1995) Synovial sarcoma. In: Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (eds) Soft tissue tumors, 3rd edn. St Louis, Mosby, 735–786

    Google Scholar 

  20. Feldman F, Simpson RD, Staron RB (1989) Magnetic resonance imaging of para-articular and ectopic ganglia. Skeletal Radiol 18: 353–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fletcher AG, Horn RC (1951) Giant cell tumors of tendon sheath origin. Ann Surg 133: 374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Gomori JM, Frossman RJ, Goldberg HI, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT (1985) Intracranial hematomas: imaging by high field magnetic resonance. Radiology 157: 87–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hampole MK, Jackson BA (1968) Analysis of 25 cases of malignant synovioma. Can Med Assoc J 99: 1025

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hermann G, Abdelwahab IF, Miller TT (1992) Tumour and tumour-like conditions of the soft tissue: magnetic resonance imaging features differentiating benign from malignant masses. Br J Radiol 65: 14–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hoaglund FT (1967) Experimental hemarthrosis. The response of canine knees to injection of autologous blood. J Bone Joint Surg Am 49: 285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Horowitz AL, Resnick D, Watson RC (1973) The roentgen features of synovial sarcoma. Clin Radiol 24: 481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Jaffe HL, Lichtenstein L, Sutro Cl (1941) Pigmented villonodular synovitis, bursitis, and tenosynovitis: a discussion of the synovial and bursal equivalents of the tenosynovial lesions commonly denoted as xanthoma, xanthogranuloma, giant cell tumor or myeloplaxoma of the tendon sheath, with some consideration of the tendon sheath lesion itself. Arch Pathol 31: 731

    Google Scholar 

  28. Jelinek JS, Kransdorf MJ, Utz JA, Berrey BH, Thomson JD, Heekin RD, Radowich MS (1989) Imaging of pigmented villonodular synovitis with emphasis on MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 152: 337–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jergesen HE, Mankin HJ, Schiller AL (1978) Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee mimicking primary bone neoplasm. J Bone Joint Surg Am 60: 825–829

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jones BC, Sundaram M, Kransdorf MJ (1993) Synovial sarcoma: MR imaging findings in 34 patients. Am J Roentgenol 161: 827–830

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jones FE, Soule EH, Coventry MB (1969) Fibrous histiocytoma of synovium (giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, pigmented nodular synovitis). A study of 118 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 51: 76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kaplan PA, Williams SM (1987) Mucocutaneous and peripheral soft-tissue hemangiomas: MR imaging. Radiology 163: 163–166

    Google Scholar 

  33. Khan S, Neumann CH, Steinbach LS, Harrington KD (1995) MRI of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath of the hand: a report of three cases. Eur Radiol 5: 467–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim EE, Cho JS, Salem P, Ro JY, Mountain CF (1993) Mediastinal synovial sarcoma. Cancer Bull 45: 370–372

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kindblom LG, Gunterberg G (1978) Pigmented villonodular synovitis involving bone. Case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 60: 830–832

    Google Scholar 

  36. Knox LC (1936) Synovial sarcoma: report of three cases. Am J Cancer 28: 461

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kottal RA, Vogler JB, Matamoras A, Alexander AH, Cookson JL (1987) Pigmented villonodular synovitis: a report of magnetic resonance imaging in two cases. Radiology 163: 551–553

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lee KR, Cox GG, Neff JR (1987) Cystic masses of the knee: arthrographic and CT evaluation. Am J Roentgenol 148: 329–334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lever JD, Ford EHR (1958) Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic observations on synovial membrane. Anat Rec 132: 525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lieberman JM, Yulish BS, Bryan PJ (1992) Magnetic resonance imaging of ruptured Baker’s cyst. J Can Assoc Radiol 39: 295

    Google Scholar 

  41. Lois JF, Fisher HJ, Mirra JM (1986) Angiography of histopathologic variants of synovial sarcoma. Acta Radiologic Diagn 27: 449

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. McEvedy BV (1962) Simple ganglia. Br J Surg 218: 585–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Milchgrub S, Ghandur-Mnaymneh L, Dorfman HD (1993) Synovial sarcoma with extensive osteoid and bone formation. Am J Surg Pathol 17: 357

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Morland B, Cox G, Randall C, Ramsay A, Radford M (1994) Synovial sarcoma of the larynx in a child: case report and histological appearances. Med Pediatr On-col 23: 64–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Morton MJ, Berquist TH, McLeod RA, Unni KK, Sim FH (1991) MR imaging of synovial sarcoma. Am J Roentgenol 156: 337–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Myers BW, Masi A (1980) Pigmented villonodular synovitis and tenosynovitis: a clinical epidemiologic study of 166 cases and literature review. Medicine 59: 223–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Nogel P, Mockwitz J (1973) Angiographische Befunde bei einem Synovialsarkom. Fortschr Röntgenstr 118: 219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. O’Keeffe LJ, Ramsden RT, Birzgalis AR (1993) Primary synovial sarcoma of the middle ear. J Laryngol Otol 107: 1070–1072

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Potter DA (1986) High-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Cancer 58: 190–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Pulpeiro JR, Cruz R, Arenas A, Perez-Espejo G (1988) Para-esophageal synovial sarcoma. Eur J Radiol 8: 120–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Schmidt D, Mackay B (1982) Ultrastructure of human tendon sheath and synovium: implication for tumor histogenesis. Ultrastruct Pathol 3: 269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Schuldt DR, Wolfe RD (1980) Clinical and arthrographic findings in meniscal cysts. Radiology 134: 49–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Shaw GR, Lais CJ (1993) Fatal intravascular synovial sarcoma in a 31-year-old woman. Hum Pathol 24: 809–810

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Sigal R, Chancelier M, Luboinski B, Shapeero LG, Bosq J, Vanel D (1992) Synovial sarcomas of the head and neck: CT and MR findings. Am J Neuroradiol 13: 1459–1462

    Google Scholar 

  55. Spitzer CE, Dalinka MK, Kressel HY (1987) Magnetic resonance imaging of pigmented villonodular synovitis: report of two cases. Skeletal Radiol 16: 316–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Steinbach LS, Neumann CH, Stoller DW, Mills CM, Crues JV, Lipman JK, Helms CA, Genant HK (1989) MRI of the knee in diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis. Clin Imaging 13: 305–316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Strickland B, Mackenzie DH (1959) Bone involvement in synovial sarcoma. J Fac Radiologists (London) 10: 64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Tsai JC, Dalinka MK, Fallon MD, Zlatkin MB, Kressel HY (1990) Fluid-fluid level: a nonspecific finding in tumors of bone and soft tissue. Radiology 175: 779–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Tsuneyoshi M, Yokoyama K, Enjoji M (1982) Synovial sarcoma: a clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study of 42 cases. Acta Pathol Jpn 33: 101

    Google Scholar 

  60. Varela-Duran J, Enzinger FM (1982) Calcifying synovial sarcoma. Cancer 50: 345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wright CJE (1951) Benign giant cell synovioma. Br J Surg 38: 257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Yanklowitz BA (1978) Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath: a literature review and case report. J Am Pediat Assoc 68: 706–711

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Young JM, Hudacek AG (1954) Experimental production of pigmented villonodular synovitis in dogs. Am J Pathol 30: 799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Van Goethem, J.W.M., Shahabpour, M. (1997). Synovial Tumors. In: De Schepper, A.M., Parizel, P.M., Ramon, F., De Beuckeleer, L., Vandevenne, J.E. (eds) Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07859-4_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07859-4_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-07861-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07859-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics