Skip to main content

Lymphatic Tumors

  • Chapter
Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors

Abstract

At the Workshop on Vascular Anomalies in Rome in June 1996, the Mulliken and Glowacki classification was accepted for various cutaneous vascular lesions. This classification is based upon clinical, histological and cytological features [9, 10, 28]. According to Enzinger, lymphatic tumors can be classified into benign and malignant lesions [14]. As compared with tumors arising from blood vessels, soft tissue tumors of lymphatic origin are rare; benign lesions include the solitary lymphangioma, lymphangiomatosis, lymphangiomyoma and lymphangiomyomatosis. There is growing evidence to suggest that the majority of these lesions represent hamartomas or developmental lymphangiectasias rather than true neoplasms [11, 36].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anzai Y, Blackwell K, McLachlan S, Fu YS, Abemayor E, Lufkin RB (1993) Initial clinical experience with an iron-based MR imaging contrast agent for lymphnodes. Radiology 189 (P):108

    Google Scholar 

  2. Arts M, De Schepper A, Bracke P, Kockx M (1994) Unusual presentation of a retroperitoneal lymphangiectatic cyst: a case report. Eur Radiol 4:262–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bill AA, Sumner DS (1965) A unified concept of lymphangioma and cystic hygroma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 120:79–86

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Blumenthal EZ, Gottehrer NP, Dollberg M, Halevy J (1994) A giant tuberculous lymphangioma extending from the mediastinum to the inguinal region. Chest 105:1279–1280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chervenak FA, Isaacson G, Blakemore KJ, Breg WR, Hobbins JC, Berkowitz RL, Tortora M, Mayden K, Mahoney MJ (1984) Fetal cystic hygroma. N Engl J Med 309:822–825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chisin R, Fabian R, Weber AL, Ragozzino M, Brady TJ, Goodman M (1988) MR Imaging of a lymphangioma involving the masseter muscle. J Comput Assist Tomogr 12:690–692

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dubois J, Garel L (1999) Imaging and therapeutic approach of hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the pediatric age group. Pediatr Radiol 29:879–893

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Emery PJ, Bailey CM, Evans JNG (1984) Cystic hygroma of the head and neck: a review of 37 cases. J Laryngol Otol 98:613–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Enjolras O (1997) Classification and management of the various superficial vascular anomalies: hemangiomas and vascular malformations. J Dermatol 24: 701–710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Enjolras O, Mulliken JB (1997) Vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Adv Dermatol 13:375–423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (1995) Malignant vascular tumors. In: Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (eds) Soft tissue tumors, 3rd edn. St. Louis, Mosby, pp 641–677

    Google Scholar 

  12. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (1995) Tumors of lymph vessels. In: Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (eds) Soft tissue tumors. 3rd edn. Mosby, St Louis, pp 679–700

    Google Scholar 

  13. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW (1996) Lymphatic tumors. In: Meis-Kindblom JM, Enzinger FM (eds) Color atlas of soft tissue tumors. St. Louis, Mosby, pp 174–178

    Google Scholar 

  14. Enzinger FM, Lattes R, Torloni R (1969) Histological typing of soft tissue tumors. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fisher D, Hiller N (1994) Giant tuberculous cystic lymphangioma of posterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum and groin. Clin Radiol 49:215–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fisher I, Orkin M (1970) Acquired lymphangioma (lymphangiectasis). Arch Dermatol 101:230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gomez CS, Calonje E, Ferrar DW, Browse NL, Fletcher CDM (1995) Lymphangiomatosis of the limbs: clinicopathologic analysis of a series with good prognosis. Am J Surg Pathol 19:125–133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Harms SE, Greenway G (1992) Musculoskeletal tumors. In: Stark DD, Bradley WG Jr (eds) Magnetic resonance imaging. 2nd edn Mosby, St. Louis, pp 2107–2222

    Google Scholar 

  19. Heautot JF, Weissleder R, Schaffer B, Brady TJ (1993) Intraarterial MR lymphography: technique to improve accumulation of contrast agents in lymph nodes. Radiology 189 (P):246

    Google Scholar 

  20. Johnson SF, Davey DD, Cibull ML, Schwartz RW, Strodel WE (1993) Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Am Surg 59:395–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Jumbelic M, Feuerstein IM, Dorfman HD (1984) Solitary intraosseous lymphangioma. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 66:1479–1481

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kransdorf MJ (1995) Benign soft-tissue tumors in a large referral population: distribution of specific diagnoses by age, sex, and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol 164:395–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Laor T, Hoffer FA, Burrows PE, Kozakewich HP (1998) MR lymphangiography in infants, children, and young adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol 171:1111–1117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee K (1980) Surgery of cysts and tumours of the neck. In: Paparella M, Shunrick D (eds) Otolaryngology. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 2987

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mancuso AA, Dillon WP (1989) The neck Radiol. Clin North Am 27:407–434

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Melzer G, Kullnig P, Fluckiger F, Beham A (1991) CT image of diffuse visceral lymphangiomatosis. Fortschr Rontgenstr 155:282–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Molitch HI, Unger EC, Witte CL, van Sonnenberg E (1995) Percutaneous sclerotherapy of lymphangiomas. Radiology 194:343–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mulliken JB, Glowacki J (1982) Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg 69:412–422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nosan DK, Martin DS, Stith JA (1995) Lymphangioma presenting as a delayed posttraumatic expanding neck mass. Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg 16:186–189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Peh WCG, Ngan H (1993) Lymphography — still useful in the diagnosis of lymphangiomatosis. Br J Radiol 66:28–31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Peiss J, Fuzesi L, Bohndorf K, Neuerburg J, Urhahn R, Gunther RW (1993) MR morphology of haemangiomas and lymphangiomas of the peripheral soft parts — correlation with angiography and histology. Fortschr Rontgenstr 158:463–470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ramon F (1992) Vascular soft tissue tumors: medical imaging. J Belge Radiol [BTR] 75:303–310

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Shaffer K, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Patz EF Jr, Young S, Farver CF (1994) Thoracic lymphangioma in adults: CT and MR imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 162:283–289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sheth S, Nussbaum AR, Hutchins GM, Sanders RC (1987) Cystic hygromas in children: sonographic-pathologic correlation. Radiology 162:821–824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Shin MS, Berland LL, Ho KJ (1985) Mediastinal cystic hygromas: CT characteristics and pathogenetic consideration. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9:297–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Siegel MJ, Glazer HS, St Amour TE, Rosenthal DD (1989) Lymphangiomas in children: MR imaging. Radiology 170:467–470

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Smith DW (1982) Recognizable patterns of human malformation: genetic, embryologic, and clinical aspects, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 472–473

    Google Scholar 

  38. Sophocleous S, Ehrenheim C, Hamann A, Hundeshagen H (1994) Cavernous lymphangioma of the pelvic area — MR tomographic and lymphoscintigraphic findings. Fortschr Rontgenstr 160:574–576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Vanel D, Shapeero LG, De Baere T, Gilles R, Tardivon A, Genin J, Guinebretière JM (1994) MR Imaging in the follow-up of malignant and aggressive soft-tissue tumors: results of 511 examinations. Radiology 190:263–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Viamonte M, Jr, Rüttimann AL (1980) Atlas of lymphography. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 164–172

    Google Scholar 

  41. Vogl TJ, Hammerstingl R, Schnell B, Klein Ch, Hauser M, Pfluger T, Lissner J (1992) Magnetic resonance tomography and magnetic resonance angiography of lymphangiomatosis. Fortschr Rontgenstr 157:414–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Weingast GR, Hopper KD, Gottesfeld SA, Manco-Johnson ML (1988) Congenital lymphangiectsia with fetal cystic hygroma: report of two cases with coexistent Down’s syndrome. J Clin Ultrasound 16:663–668

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Wunderbaldinger P, Paya K, Partik B, Turetschek K, Hormann M, Horcher E, Bankier AA (2000) CT and MR imaging of generalized cystic lymphangiomatosis in pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174:827–832

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Zadvinskis DP, Benson MT, Kerr HH, Mancuso AA, Cacciarelli AA, Madrazo BL, Mafee MF, Dalen K (1992) Congenital malformations of the cervicothoracic lymphatic system: embryology and pathogenesis. Radiographics 12:1175–1189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

van den Hauwe, L., Ramon, F. (2001). Lymphatic Tumors. In: De Schepper, A.M., Parizel, P.M., De Beuckeleer, L., Vanhoenacker, F. (eds) Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07856-3_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07856-3_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-07858-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07856-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics