Zusammenfassung
Das Krankheitsbild bezeichnet das akute oder chronisch-rezidivierende, exanthematische Auftreten von Quaddeln (Urticae). Die Einzeleffloreszenz kann Stecknadelkopfgröße bis landkartenartig flächenhafte Ausdehnung zeigen. Typisch für die Quaddel ist ihre Flüchtigkeit, sie bildet sich in Minuten bis Stunden zurück. Es besteht meist starker Juckreiz. Pathogenetisch handelt es sich um ein dermales Ödem, das meist durch die Freisetzung von Histamin und anderen Mediatoren aus Mastzellen bewirkt wird. Nur in einem Teil der Fälle liegt dabei eine IgE-vermittelte allergische Reaktion vor, auslösend können auch physikalische Reize (wie Wärme, Kälte, Druck, Licht), toxische oder so genannte pseudoallergische Reaktionen sein. Weder makromorphologisch noch mikroskopisch lässt sich die Ursache einer Urtikaria erkennen. Die histologische Untersuchung einer Biopsie kann allerdings nützlich sein, um eine Urtikaria differenzialdiagnostisch von klinisch ähnlichen Exanthemen abzugrenzen.
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Wolff, H.H., Tronnier, M. (2003). Entzündliche Dermatosen ohne wesentliche epidermale Beteiligung. In: Kerl, H., Garbe, C., Cerroni, L., Wolff, H.H. (eds) Histopathologie der Haut. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07784-9_10
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