Skip to main content

Micropropagation of Juglans cinerea L. (Butternut)

  • Chapter
High-Tech and Micropropagation V

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 39))

Abstract

The genus Juglans L. (family Juglandaceae) comprises about 20 species of deciduous trees. These monoecious trees are native to North and South America, and from southeastern Europe to eastern Asia (Bailey and Bailey 1976). They are grown as ornamentals, for the edible nuts, and some species for the fine-grained wood highly valued for furniture, veneer, gunstocks, and cabinet work. The Persian walnut (J. regia L.) is the most horticulturally developed and widely cultivated species for nut production (McGranahan and Leslie 1990). Worldwide production of walnuts in 1992 was listed at 918 180 metric tons, with the United States accounting for approximately 20% of world production at 181 400 metric tons (FAO 1992). Black walnut (J. nigra L.) is one of the most valuable hardwoods produced in the United States (Williams 1990). Eastern black walnut is also grown for the edible nuts, but it is the species valued economically for its high quality wood, prized for fine furniture, gunstocks, cabinets, and veneer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aly MAM, Fjellstrom RG, McGranahan GH, Parfitt DE (1992) Origin of walnut somatic embryos determined by RFLP and isozyme analysis. HortScience 27 (1): 61–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey LH, Bailey EZ (eds) (1976) Hortus third. Macmillan, New York, 1290 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbas E, Chaillou S, Cornu D, Doumas P, Jay-Allemand C, Lamaze T (1993a) Orthophosphate nutrition of in vitro propagated hybrid walnut (Juglans nigra x Juglans regia) trees: Pi (32Pi) uptake and transport in relation to callus and shoot development. Plant Physiol Biochem 31 (1): 41–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbas E, Jay-Allemand C, Doumas P, Chaillou S, Cornu D (1993b) Effects of gelling agents on growth, mineral composition and naphthoquinone content of in vitro explants of hybrid walnut tree (Juglans regia x Juglans nigra). Ann Sci For 50: 177–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman KA (1974) Juglans L. Walnut. In: Schopmeyer CS (tech coord) Seeds of woody plants in the United States. USDA For Serv, Agric Handbook No 450, Washington, pp 454–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalupa V (1981) Clonal propagation of broad-leaved forest trees in vitro. Commun Inst For Cecil 12: 255–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornu D (1988) Somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of walnut (Jugions nigra,.j. major and hybrids J. nigra x J. regia). In: Ahuja MR (ed) Somatic cell genetics of woody plants. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 45 49

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornu D, Jay-Allemand C (1989) Micropropagation of hybrid walnut trees (Jugions nigra x Juglans regia) through culture and multiplication of embryos. Ann Sci For 46 (Suppl):l 13s-1 16s Deng MD, Cornu D (1992) Maturation and germination of walnut somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 28: 195 202

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirr MA (1983) Manual of woody landscape plants, 3rd edn. Stipes, Champaign, 826 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Driver JA, Kuniyuki AH (1984) In vitro propagation of Paradox walnut rootstock. HortScience 19 (4): 507 509

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1992) Production yearbook 46. FAO, Rome, p 185

    Google Scholar 

  • Felalicv AS (1990) Morphogenesis of Juglans regia L. in vitro. Ukr J Bot 47 (3): 85 87

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruselle R, Boxus P (1990) Walnut micropropagation. Acta Hortic 284: 45–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruselle R, Badia N, Boxus P (1987) Walnut micropropagation: first results. Acta Horde 212: 511 515

    Google Scholar 

  • Heile-Sudholt C, Huetteman CA, Preece JE, Van Sambeek JW, Gaffney GR (1986) In vitro embryonic axis and seedling shoot tip culture of Jugions nigra L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 6: 189–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jay-Allemand C, De Pons V, Doumas P, Capelli P, Sossountzov L, Cornu D (1991) Formation de racines in vitro à partir de cotyledons de noix (Jugions sp.): un modèle d’étude de la rhizogenèsc chez les espèces ligneuses. C R Acad Sei Paris 312, Ser 111: 369 375

    Google Scholar 

  • Jay-Allemand C, Capelli P, Cornu D (1992) Root development of in vitro hybrid walnut micro-cuttings in a vermiculite-containing Gelrite medium. Sci Hortic 51: 335 342

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson WT, Lyon HH (eds) (1988) Insects that feed on trees and shrubs, 2nd edn. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 556 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaeiser M, Funk DT (1971) Structural changes in walnut grafts. Annu Rep North Nut Grow Assoc 62: 90–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee MH, Ahn CY, Park CS (1986) In vitro propagation of Juglans sinensis Dode from bud culture. Res Rep Inst For Gen Korea 22: 159–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Leslie C, McGranahan G (1992) Micropropagation of Persian walnut (Jugions regia L.). In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 18. High-tech and micropropagation II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 136–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd G, McCown B (1980) Commercially feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmio latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Proc Int Plant Prop Soc 30: 421–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Long LM, Preece JE, Gaffney GR, Van Sambeek JW (1992) Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra). HortScience 27 (6): 584

    Google Scholar 

  • McDaniel JC (1956) The pollination of Juglandaceae varieties-Illinois observations and review of earlier studies. Annu Rep North Nut Grow Assoc 47: 118–132

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan G, Leslie C (1990) Walnuts (Juglans). In: Moore JN, Millington JR (eds) Genetic resources of temperate fruit and nut crops, vol 2. Int Soc Hortic Sci, Wageningen, pp 907–951

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan G, Leslie CA, Driver JA (1988) In vitro propagation of mature Persian walnut cultivars. HortScience 23 (1): 220

    Google Scholar 

  • Meynier V (1985) Mise en culture in vitro de meristemes de noyers hybrides. C R Acad Sei Paris Ser 301 (5): 261–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Meynier V, Arnould MF (1989) Compared effectiveness of antibiotic treatments and shoot tip culture on bacterial decontamination of an in vitro-propagated clone of hybrid walnut (Jugions nigra x J. regia). Biol Plant 31 (4): 269–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473 497

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair VMG, Kostichka CJ, Kuntz JE (1979) Sirococcus clavigignenli-juglanducearum: an un-described species causing canker on butternut. Mycologia 71: 641–646

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuman MC, Preece JE, Van Sambeek JW, Gaffney GR (1993) Somatic embryogenesis and callus production from cotyledon explants of Eastern black walnut. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 32: 9–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orchard LP (1984) Butternut canker: host range, disease resistance, seedling-disease reactions, and seed-borne transmission. PhD Diss, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 145 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Orchard LP, Kuntz JE, Kessler KJ (1982) Reactions of Jugions species to butternut canker and implications for disease resistance. In: Black walnut for the future, USDA For Sery Gen Tech Rep NC-74, St Paul, pp 27–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson TA (1990) Wisconsin forest products price review, timber ed. USDA Coop Ext Serv, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 5 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Pijut PM (1993a) Somatic embryogenesis in butternut, Jugions cinerea. Can J For Res 23: 835–838

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pijut PM (1993b) Regeneration of Jugions cinerea through somatic embryogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 29A (3) Part II: 69A

    Google Scholar 

  • Pijut PM (1994) Micropropagation of butternut, Jugions cinerea. HortScience 29 (5): 431

    Google Scholar 

  • Polito VS, McGranahan G, Pinney K, Leslie C (1989) Origin of somatic embryos from repetitively embryogenic cultures of walnut (JugIons regia L.): implications for Agrobacierium-mediated transformation. Plant Cell Rep 8: 219–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preece JE, Van Sambeek JW, Huctteman CA, Gaffney GR (1989) Biotechnology: in vitro studies with walnut (Juglans) species. In: Phelps JE (ed) The continuing quest for quality. Proc 4th Black Walnut Symp, Walnut Council, Indianapolis, pp 159–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Revilla MA, Majada J, Rodriguez R (1989) Walnut (Jugions regia L.) micropropagation. Ann Sci For 46 (Suppl): 149s - 151s

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rink G (1990) Jugions cinerea L., Butternut. In: Burns RM, Honkala BH (tech coords) Silvics of North America, vol 2. Hardwoods. USDA For Sery Agric Handbook 654, Washington, pp 386–390

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez R, Revilla A, Albuerne M, Perez C (1989) Walnut (Juglans spp). In: Bajaj YPS (cd) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 5. Trees II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 99–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair WA, Lyon HH, Johnson WT (1987) Diseases of trees and shrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 574 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Somers PW, Van Sambeek JW, Preece JE, Gaffney G, Myers O (1982) In vitro micropropagation of black walnut (Jugions nigra L.). Proc 7th North Am For Biol, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, pp 224–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens LC, Krell SL, Domoto PA (1990) In vitro propagation of Jugions regia, ISU71–3–18. Annu Rep North Nut Grow Assoc 81: 122 – 126

    Google Scholar 

  • Tisserat N, Kuntz JE (1984) Butternut canker:development on individual trees and increase within a plantation. Plant Dis 68: 613–616

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulecke W, McGranahan G (1985) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of walnut, Jugions regia L. Plant Sci 40: 57–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tulecke W, McGranahan GH, Leslie CA (1995) Somatic embryogenesis in walnut (Jugions species). In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 30. Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 370–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Voyiatzis DG, McGranahan GH (1994) An improved method for acclimatizing tissue-cultured walnut plantlets using an antitranspirant. HortScience 29 (1): 42

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams RD (1990) Jugions nigra L., Black walnut. In: Burns RM, Honkala BH (tech coords) Silvics of North America, vol 2. Hardwoods. USDA For Sery Agric Handbook 654, Washington, pp 391–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Xi R, Ding P (1990) Theory and practice of walnut grafting. Acta Hortic 284: 69–88

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pijut, P.M. (1997). Micropropagation of Juglans cinerea L. (Butternut). In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) High-Tech and Micropropagation V. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 39. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07774-0_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07774-0_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08269-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07774-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics