Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In Vitro Culture and Micropropagation of Ryegrass (Lolium spp.)

  • Chapter
High-Tech and Micropropagation III

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 19))

  • 789 Accesses

Abstract

The ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) can be classified into eight different species. However, since these species are partly or fully interfertile, this classification is not always unequivocal (Breese and Tyler 1986). Two of these species, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) are agriculturally very important. Strictly annual forms of Italian ryegrass are often referred to as Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. westerwoldicum). Hybrid ryegrass (Lolium × hybridum Housskn.) is derived from artificial or naturally occurring crosses between Italian and perennial ryegrass. Perennial and Italian ryegrass are diploid (2n = 14), outbreeding and self-incompatible species. No naturally occurring tetraploids have ever been found. However, by means of colchicine treatment, tetraploid varieties (4n = 28) have been made artificially (Wit 1959).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdullah R, Cocking EC, Thompson JA (1986) Efficient plant regeneration from rice protoplasts through somatic embryogenesis. Bio/Technol 4: 1087–1090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahloowalia BS (1975) Regeneration of ryegrass plants in tissue culture. Crop Sci 15: 449–452 Ahloowalia BS (1983) Spectrum of variation in somaclones of triploid ryegrass. Crop Sci 23: 1141–1147

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahuja PS, Pental D, Cocking EC (1982) Plant regeneration from leaf base callus and cell suspensions of Triticum aestivum. Z Pflanzenzucht 89: 13 144

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkin RK, Barton GE (1973) The establishment of tissue cultures of temperate grasses. J Exp Bot 24: 689–699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj YPS (1989) Genetic engineering and in vitro manipulation of plant cells–technical advances. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 9. Plant protoplasts and genetic engineering II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Bante I, Sonke T, Tandler RF, van den Bruel AM, Meijer EM (1990) Anther culture of Lolium perenne L. and Lolium multiflorum L. Acta Bot Neerl 39 (1): 103

    Google Scholar 

  • Bante I, Sonke T, Tandler RF, van den Bruel AM, Meijer EM (1991) Anther culture of Lolium perenne and Lolium multiflorum In: Sangwan BS, Sangwan RS (eds) The impact of biotechnology in agriculture. Int Conf, Amiens, France 10–12 July 1989 (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Binh DQ, Heszky LE (1990) Restoration of the regeneration potential of long-term culture in rice (Oryza satira L.) by salt pretreatment. J Plant Physiol 136: 336–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boppenmeier J, Zuchner S, Foroughi-Wehr B (1989) Haploid production from barley yellow dwarf virus resistant clones of Lolium. Plant Breeding 103: 216–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breese EL, Tyler BF (1986) Patterns of variation and the underlying genetic and cytological architecture in grasses with particular reference to Lolium. In: Styles BT (ed) Intraspecific classification of wild and cultivated plants. Clarendon, Oxford, pp 53–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler SF, Vasil IK (1984) Optimization of plant regeneration from long term embryogenic callus cultures of Pennisetum purpureum grass. J Plant Physiol 117: 147–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conger BV, Carabia JV, Lowe KW (1978) Comparison of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on callus induction and growth in three Gramineae species. Environ Exp Bot 18: 163–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conger BV, Hilenski LL, Lowe KW, Carabia JV (1982) Influence of different auxins at varying concentrations on callus induction and growth from embryo and leaf-tip explants in Gramineae. Environ Exp Bot 22: 39–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J (1991) Regeneration from protoplasts of perennial ryegrass; progress and applications. In: den Nijs APM, Elgersma A (eds) Fodder crops breeding: achievements, novel strategies and biotechnology. Proc 16th Meet Fodder Crops Section of Eucarpia, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 16–22 Nov 1990, pp 123–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J, Loeffen JPM, Zaal MACM (1988a) Protoplasts from Lolium perenne L.: procedures for plant regeneration and elettro-fusion. Proc 2nd Int Congr Plant molecular biology, Jerusalem, 13–18 Nov, p 430

    Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J, Loeffen JPM, Van der Valk P (1988b) The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and donor plant environment on plant regeneration from immature inflorescence-derived callus of Lolium perenne L. and Lolium multiflorum L. Plant Sci 57: 165–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J, Van der Valk P, Loeffen JPM, Zaal MACM (1989) Plant regeneration from suspension cultures and protoplasts of Lolium perenne L. Plant Sci 63: 167–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J, Van Oort Y (1990) Antioxidants influence plating efficiency and microcallus growth of protoplasts in Lolium perenne L. In: Nijkamp HJJ, van der Plas LHW, van Aartrijk J (eds) Progress in plant cellular and molecular biology. Proc 7th Int Congr on Plant tissue and cell culture. Kluwer, Amsterdam, pp 44–49

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J, van Eeuwyk FA, Krens FA (1992A) Culture optimization for perennial ryegrass protoplasts. J Plant Physiol 139: 303–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Creemers-Molenaar J, Hall RD, Krens FA (1992B) Asymmetric protoplast fusion aimed at intraspecific transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Lolium perenne L. Theor. Appl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genet. (In Press) Dale PJ (1975) Meristem tip culture in Lolium multiflorum. J Exp Bot 26: 731–736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale PJ (1977a) Meristem tip culture in Lolium, Festuca, Phleum and Dactylis. Plant Sci Lett 9: 333–338 Dale PJ (1977b) The elimination of ryegrass mosaic virus from Lolium multiflorum by meristem tip culture. Ann Appl Biol 85: 93–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale PJ (1980a) A method for in vitro storage of Lolium multiflorum Lam. Ann Bot 45: 497–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale PJ (19806) Embryoids from cultured immature embryos of Lolium multifiorum Z Pflanzenphysiol 100: 73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale PJ, Dalton SJ (1983) Immature inflorescence culture in Lolium, Festuca, Phleum and Dactylis. Z Pflanzenphysiol I11: 39–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale PJ, Thomas E, Brettell RIS, Wernicke W (1981) Embryogenesis from cultured immature inflorescences and nodes of Lolium multiflorum. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 1: 47–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton SJ (1988a) Plant regeneration from cell suspension protoplasts of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue) and Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass). J Plant Physiol 132: 170–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton SJ (1988b) Plant regeneration from cell suspension protoplasts of Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Lolium perenne L. and L. multiflorum Lam. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 12: 137–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Datta SK, Peterhans A, Datta K, Potrykus I (1990) Genetically engineered indica-rice recovered from protoplasts. Bio/Technology 8: 736–740

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day A, Ellis THN (1984) Chloroplast DNA deletions associated with wheat plants regenerated from pollen: possible basis for maternal inheritance of chloroplasts. Cell 39: 359–368

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day A, Ellis THN (1985) Deleted forms of plastid DNA in albino plants from cereal anther culture. Curr Genet 9: 671–678

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dudits D, Nemet G, Haydu Z (1975) Study of callus growth and organ formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) tissue cultures. Can J Bot 53: 957–963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitch MMM, Moore PH (1990) Comparison of 2,4-D and picloram for selection of long-term totipotent green callus cultures of sugarcane. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 20: 157–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frakes RV (1973) The ryegrasses. In: Heath ME, Metcalfe DS, Barnes RF (eds) Forages, 3rd edn. Iowa State Univ Press, Ames, Iowa, pp 307–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Frandsen HN, Frandsen KJ (1948) Polycross-metoden. Nord Jordbruksforsk 7–8: 239–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Frearson EM, Power JB, Cocking EC (1973) The isolation, culture and regeneration of Petunia leaf protoplasts. Dev Biol 33: 130–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glimelius K, Fahlesson J, Landgren M, Sjodin C, Sundberg E (1991) Gene transfer via somatic hybridization in plants. TibTech 9: 24–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray DJ, Conger BV, Hanning GE (1984) Somatic embryogenesis in suspension and suspension-derived callus cultures_of Dactylis glomerata. Protoplasma 122: 196–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg N, Olesen A, Tuvesson IKD, Andersen SB (1990) Genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with high anther-culture response through hybridization. Plant Breeding 105: 89–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanauer AR, Miranda JB (1981) Selection: theory. In: Hanauer AR, Miranda JB (eds) Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. Iowa State Univ Press, Ames, Iowa, pp 159–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris R, Wright M, Byrne M, Varnum J, Brightwell B, Schubert K (1988) Callus formation and plantlet regeneration from protoplasts derived from suspension cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Cell Rep 7: 337–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward MD, Abdullah IB (1985) Selection and stability of synthetic varieties of Lolium perenne L. The selected character and its expression over generations of multiplication. Theor Appl Genet 70: 48–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayward MD, Olesen A, Due IK, Jenkins R, Morris P (1990) Segregation of isozyme marker loci amongst androgenetic plants of Lolium perenne L. Plant Breeding 104: 68–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho W, Vasil IK (1983) Somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.): growth and plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension cultures. Ann Bot 51: 719–726

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson JA, Dale PJ (1988) Callus induction, plant regeneration and an assessment of cytological variation in regenerated plants of Lolium multifiorum L. J Plant Physiol 132: 351–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson JA, Dalton SJ, Dale PJ (1986) Plant regeneration from root callus in the forage grass Lolium multifiorum. In: Withers LA, Alderson PJ (eds) Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications. Butterworths, London, pp 85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Joarder 01, Joarder NH, Dale PJ (1986) In vitro response of leaf tissues from Lolium multifiorum - a comparison with leaf segment position, leaf age and in vivo mitotic activity. Theor Appl Genet 73: 286–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones MGK, Dale PJ (1982) Reproducible regeneration of callus from suspension culture protoplasts of the grass Lolium multifiorum. Z Pflanzenphysiol 105: 267–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson HA, Nilsson C (1986) Plant breeding for resistance to snow moulds in grasses. Nord Jordbruksforsk 68: 596

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamo KK, Hodges TK (1986) Establishment and characterization of long-term embryogenic maize callus and cell suspension cultures. Plant Sci 45: 111–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasperbauer MJ, Buckner RC, Bush LP (1979) Tissue culture of annual ryegrass x tall fescue F, hybrids: callus establishment and plant regeneration. Crop Sci 19: 457–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kyozuka J, Hayashi Y, Shimamoto K (1987) High frequency plant regeneration from rice protoplasts by novel nurse culture methods. Mol Gen Genet 206: 408–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kyozuka J, Otoo E, Shimamoto K (1988) Plant regeneration from protoplasts of indica rice: genotypic differences in culture response. Theor Appl Genet 76: 887–890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee L, Schroll RE, Grimes HD, Hodges TK (1989) Plant regeneration from indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) protoplasts. Planta 178: 325–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linsmaier EM, Skoog F (1965) Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 18: 100–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lo PF, Chen CH, Ross JG (1980) Vegetative propagation of temperate forage grasses through callus culture. Crop Sci 20: 363–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu C, Vasil V, Vasil IK (1981) Isolation and culture of protoplasts of Panicum maximum Jacq. (guinea grass): somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation. Z Pflanzenphysiol 104: 311–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niizeki M (1977) Haploid, polyploid and aneuploid plants from cultured anthers and calluses in species of Nicotiana and forage crops. J Fac Agric 58: 343–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitzsche W, Wenzel G (1977) Haploids in plant breeding. In: Fortschritte der Pflanzenzüchtung 8. Advances in plant breeding. Parey, Berlin, pp 46–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Olesen A, Andersen SB, Due IK (1988) Anther culture in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Breeding 101: 60–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orshinsky BR, Mcgregor LJ, Johnson GIE, Hucl P, Kartha K (1990) Improved embryoid induction and green shoot regeneration from wheat anthers cultured in medium with maltose. Plant Cell Rep 9: 365–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagniez M, Demarly Y (1979) Obtention d’individus androgenetiques par culture in vitro d’antheres de Ray-grass d’Italie (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Ann Amelior Plantes 29: 631–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Plumb RT (1988) The effects of pests and diseases on grasses. In: Jones MB, Lazenby A (eds) The grass crop. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 277–309

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Potrykus 1, Saul MW, Petruska W, Paszkowski J, Shillito RD (1985) Direct gene transfer to cells of a gramineous monocot. Molec Gen Genet 199: 183–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potrykus I (1990) Gene transfer to cereals: an assessment. Bio/Technology 9: 535–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prioli LM, Sondahl MR (1989) Plant regeneration and recovery of fertile plants from protoplasts of maize (Zea mays L.). Bio/Technology 7: 589–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajoelina SR, Alibert G, Planchon C (1990) Continuous plant regeneration from established embryo-genic cell suspension cultures of Italian ryegrass and tall fescue. Plant Breeding 104: 265–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes CA, Lowe KS, Ruby KL (1988) Plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from embryo-genic maize cell cultures. Bio/Technology 6: 56–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose JB, Dunwell JM, Sunderland N (1987) Anther culture of Lolium temulentum, Festuca pratensis and Lolium x Festuca hybrids. I. Influence of pretreatment, culture medium and culture incubation conditions on callus production and differentiation. Ann Bot 60: 191–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaepman H (1952) Application of the polycross test to grass breeding. Euphytica 1: 105–111 Schmidt F (1991) Entwicklung eines Gewebekultursystems bei Lolium perenne (L.) als Voraussetzung zur in vitro- Resistenzselektion. PhD Thesis, Universität Hohenheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt F, Posselt UK (1990) Reproducible regeneration of callus cultures derived from mature embryos in Lolium perenne. In: den Nijs APM, Elgersma A (eds) Fodder crops breeding: achievements, novel strategies and biotechnology. Proc 16th Meet Fodder Crops Section of Eucarpia, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 16–22 Nov 1990, pp 205–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillito RD, Carswell GK, Johnson CM, DiMaio JJ, Harms CT (1989) Regeneration of fertile plants from protoplasts of elite inbred maize. Bio/Technology 7: 581–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skene KGM, Barlass M (1983) Regeneration of plants from callus cultures of Lolium riyidum. Z Pflanzenzücht 90: 130–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanis VA, Butenko RG (1984) Developing viable haploid plants in anther culture of ryegrass. Dokly Biol Sci 275: 249–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickland SG, Nichol JW, McCall CM, Stuart DA (1987) Effect of carbohydrate source on alfalfa somatic embryogenesis. Plant Science 48: 113–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takamizo T, Suginobo K, Ohsugi R (1990) Plant regeneration from suspension culture derived protoplasts of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) of a single genotype. Plant Science 72: 125–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torello WA, Symington AG (1984) Regeneration from perennial ryegrass callus tissue. Hortic Sci 19: 56–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torello WA, Mancino L, Troll J (1983) Initiation, growth, and maintenance of callus tissue derived from mature caryopses of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Rasen Turf Gazon 1: 4–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Toriyama K, Hinata K, Sasaki T (1986) Haploid and diploid plant regeneration from protoplasts of anther callus in rice. Theor Appl Genet 73: 16–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuvesson IKD, Pedersen S, Andersen SB (1989) Nuclear genes affecting albinism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture. Theor Appl Genet 78: 879–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler BF (1987) Description and distribution of natural variation in forage grasses. In: INRA (eds) Proc Eucarpia fodder crops section meeting, Lusignan, pp 13–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Utz HF, Oettler G (1978) Performance of inbred lines and their top crosses in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L). Z Pflanzenzücht 80: 223–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Valk P, Zaal MACM, Creemers-Molenaar J (1988) Regeneration of albino plantlets from suspension culture derived protoplasts of Poa pratensis L. ( Kentucky bluegrass ). Euphytica Suppl: 169–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Valk P, Zaal MACM, Creemers-Molenaar J (1989) Callus induction and plant regeneration from immature inflorescences and mature seeds of Poa pratensis L. ( Kentucky bluegrass ). Plant Cell Rep 7: 644–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasil IK (1987) Developing cell and tissue culture systems for the improvement of cereal and grass crops. J Plant Physiol 128: 193–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil IK (1988) Progress in the regeneration and the genetic manipulation of cereal crops. Bio/Technology 6: 397–402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil IK (1990) The realities and challenges of plant biotechnology. Bio/Technology 8: 296–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil V, Vasil 1K (1986) Plant regeneration from friable embryogenic callus and cell suspension cultures of Zea mays L. J Plant Physiol 124: 399–408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil V, Redway F, Vasil IK (1990) Regeneration of plants from embryogenic suspension culture protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bio/Technology 8: 429–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C, Sun C, Chu C, Wu S (1978) Studies on the albino pollen plantlets in rice. In: Proc Symp on Plant tissue culture, Pittman, Peking, pp 149–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Miller PD, Sondahl MR (1989) Plant regeneration from protoplasts of indica type rice and CMS rice. Plant Cell Rep 8: 329–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WC, Nguyen HT (1990) A novel approach for efficient plant regeneration from long-term suspension culture of wheat. Plant Cell Rep 8: 639–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Hu Han (1984) The effect of potato II medium for Triticale anther culture. Plant Sci Lett 36: 237–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wit F (1959) Chromosome doubling and the improvement of grasses. Agraria 11: 97–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada Y, Zhi-Qi Y, Ding-Tai T (1986) Plant regeneration from protoplast-derived callus of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Rep 5: 85–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasuda T, Miyano S, Yamamoto Y, Uchida N, Yamaguchi T (1990) Analogues of phenoxyacetic acid and the regeneration of calluses from seeds of indica rice. Plant Cell Physiol 31 (6): 763–766

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaghmout OMF, Torello WA (1989) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of red fescue. Crop Sci 29: 815–817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaghmout OMF, Torello WA (1990b) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from embryo-genic suspension cultures of perennial ryegrass. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26: 419–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimny J, Lorz H (1986) Plant regeneration and initiation of cell suspensions from root-tip derived callus of Oryza satina L. Plant Cell Rep 5: 89–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Barenbrug Holland BV, Stationsstraat 40, 6678 AC, Oosterhout, The Netherlands

    J. Creemers-Molenaar & L. J. Beerepoot

Authors
  1. J. Creemers-Molenaar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. J. Beerepoot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. A-137, New Friends Colony, 110065, New Delhi, India

    Y. P. S. Bajaj

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Creemers-Molenaar, J., Beerepoot, L.J. (1992). In Vitro Culture and Micropropagation of Ryegrass (Lolium spp.). In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) High-Tech and Micropropagation III. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07770-2_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07770-2_33

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08104-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07770-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation