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Endokrinologie der Schwangerschaft

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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Nach der Ovulation wird das Ovum, das etwa 8–12 h befruchtungsfähig ist, in der Tube von einem Spermium mit haploidem Chromosomensatz 23 X oder 23 Y imprägniert. Die Fertilisierung kann in drei Phasen eingeteilt werden: die initiale Bindung des Spermiums durch Rezeptorglykoproteine an die Oberfläche der Zona pellucida, die Vervollständigung der Akrosomenreaktion und die Penetration des Spermiums in die Eihülle. Die Rezeptorfunktion der Glykoproteine ist auf die Karbohy-dratseitenkette beschränkt, während die Polypeptidkette die Akrosomenreaktion vorbereitet. Es kommt zur Verschmelzung der beiden haploiden Kerne, so daß ein neues Lebewesen mit der diploiden Anzahl von 46 XY oder 46 XX Chromosomen entsteht. Nach ungefähr 30 h ist das Zweizellenstadium erreicht. Bis zum Achtzellstadium behalten alle Blastomeren ihre Totipotenz. Dann differenziert die innere Zellmasse zum Embryoblasten und die äußeren Blastomeren zum Trophoblasten. Während ihrer Entwicklung wandert die Blastozyste durch die Tube, mit deren Endothel bereits ein intensiver Stoffaustausch stattfindet, und gelangt etwa 4–7 Tage nach der Befruchtung in die Gebärmutter.

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Gerhard, I., Runnebaum, B. (1994). Endokrinologie der Schwangerschaft. In: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07633-0_12

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