Abstract
Attending any biotechnology conference will confirm it. Amid all the discoveries and developments in the applied sciences we loosely group under the heading of biotechnology, it is impossible to ignore the palpable and ubiquitous presence of commerce. While investors, managers, and financial markets may not share the same enthusiasm about the inner workings of living organisms as a bench scientist, they certainly share the excitement of uncovering novel ways to make money. The key is to turn inventions and developments into a commercial product.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barton J (2000) Intellectual property rights: reforming the patent system. Science 287: 1933–1934
Caulfield TA, Gold ER, Cho M (2000) Patenting human genetic material: refocusing the debate. Nat Rev Genet 1: 227–231
Cohen WM, Nelson RR, Walsh JP (2000) Protecting their intellectual assets: appropriability conditions and why US manufacturing firms patent (or not). National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
Ekpere JA (2000) OAU model law: African model legislation for the protection of the right of local communities, farmers and breeders, and for the regulation of access to biological resources. Organization of African Unity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia European Patent Office Board of Appeal (1990) T19 /90
Festo Corporation v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co, Ltd (2000) 234 F. 3d 558
Gold ER (2000) Moving the gene patent debate forward. Nat Biotech 18: 1319
Gold ER (2001a) Patenting life forms: an international comparison. Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee, Ottawa, Canada
Gold ER (200lb) Gene patenting. Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee, Ottawa, Canada Gold ER, Castle D, Cloutier LM, Daar AS, Smith PJ (2002) Needed: models of biotechnology intellectual property. Trends Biotech 20: 327–329
Gold ER, Gallochat A (2001) The European Biotech Directive: past as prologue. Eur Law J 7: 328–366
Hegel GWF (1952) Philosophy of right. Knox TM (translator). Oxford University Press, Oxford Human Genome Organization Ethics Committee (2000) Genetic benefit sharing. Science 290: 49
Knoppers BM, Hirtle M, Glass KC (1999) Genetic technologies: commercialization of genetic research and public policy. Science 286: 2277–2278
Locke J (1980) Second treatise of government. In: Macpherson CB (ed) Hackett Publ, Cambridge Moore vs. The Regents of the University of California (2000) 51 Ca1. 3d 120
Posner RA (1981) The economics of justice. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA Radin MJ (1982) Property and personhood. Stan L Rev 34: 957–1015
United States of America (2001) Patent office’s utility examination guidelines. Federal Register 66: 1097–1099
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gold, E.R. (2003). Exclusive Rights in Life: Biotechnology, Genetic Manipulation, and Intellectual Property Rights. In: Jackson, J.F., Linskens, H.F. (eds) Genetic Transformation of Plants. Molecular Methods of Plant Analysis, vol 23. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07424-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07424-4_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05553-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07424-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive