Abstract
Recent advances in electronics, microprocessors, and software, have considerably influenced the industrial automation area over the past years. While original automation systems were mostly centralized and not very flexible, modern industrial automation systems are highly decentralized and consist of autonomous, microprocessor-based devices, which are able to locally process information and make decisions. Such flexible, adaptive and even considered “intelligent” automation systems rely heavily on a distributed computer-based infrastructure, where smart sensors and actuators, smart machines, AGVs, robots, and other automation devices can interact and communicate with each other using industrial protocols. Digital instrumentation has achieved a widespread, increasingly hegemonic, role in the industrial plant instrumentation domain. It has allowed the overcome of conventional instrumentation weaknesses, obtaining actual satisfactory results in signal conditioning and transmission, easy in-field installation and configuration, and many others. Additionally, the physical arrangement of instruments — all linked to a common data bus, digital and serial — and the processing capability aggregated to the instruments, lead to benefits like installation costs reduced, easy design, implementation, configuration or modifications of the system, and even the possibility to compose more complex control strategies. Industrial protocols adopted at device and field level are the so-called fieldbus (Fig.3.1.).
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Franco, L.R.H.R., Pereira, C.E. (2003). Real-Time Characteristics of the Foundation Fieldbus. In: Mahalik, N.P. (eds) Fieldbus Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07219-6_3
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