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Visuell evozierte Potentiale (VEP) und Elektroretinogramm (ERG)

  • Chapter
Evozierte Potentiale

Abstract

Visuell evozierte Potentiale (VEP) sind nach adäquater retinaler Reizung über dem okzipitalen Kortex abzuleiten. Sie gestatten in begrenztem Umfang eine atraumatische Untersuchung der Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des visuellen Systems. Die ersten Beobachtungen von Änderungen der elektrischen Hirnaktivität nach visueller Reizung wurden von Caton im Tierversuch bei direkter kortikaler Ableitung 1875 und 1877 berichtet. Beim Menschen wurden analoge Phänomene erst mehr als 50 Jahre danach durch Adrian u. Matthews (1934) entdeckt. Sie stellten Änderungen des okzipitalen Alpha-Rhythmus bei Flickerlichtstimulation fest, ein Effekt, der seither als “photic driving” bekannt ist. Da die lichtinduzierten Elektroenzephalogramm-(EEG-)Antworten in ihrer Amplitude kleiner als der Alpharhythmus sind, konnten sie damals nicht sicher von der EEG-Grundaktivität getrennt und quantifiziert werden. Erst die Einführung der Summations- und Mittelungstechnik, die Dawson 1954 zunächst für die somatosensorisch evozierten Potentiale (SEP) entwickelt hatte, ermöglichte es, das VEP aus der Grundtätigkeit des EEG hervorzuheben. Die Methoden zur Evozierung visueller Potentiale und deren Auswertung wurden in den letzten Jahren v. a. im englischsprachigen Raum mehrfach zusammenfassend beschrieben, an dieser Stelle sei auf einige Standardwerke verwiesen (Regan 1988; Chiappa 1990; Celesia 1993).

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Authors
  1. E. Altenmüller
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  2. K. Ruether
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  3. J. Dichgans
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Altenmüller, E., Ruether, K., Dichgans, J. (1996). Visuell evozierte Potentiale (VEP) und Elektroretinogramm (ERG). In: Evozierte Potentiale. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07146-5_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07146-5_3

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