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Scientific and Medical Foundations

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Environmental Standards

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Abstract

A great number of limit values has been introduced through statutory regulations in recent decades, in order to put constraints on the exposure to toxic agents at the workplace and in the environment. As far as these limits have been determined on the basis of scientific data especially from experimental studies, they usually are derived from investigations on exposures to single agents. For the simultaneous exposure to several noxae, on the other hand, limit values have rarely been regulated, and only in few cases such limits are supported by systematic studies of combined exposures. One of the reasons for this is the immense complexity presented by combined exposures, resulting from the following facts:

  • There are manifold physical, chemical, and biological noxae potentially affecting human beings and other organisms in the environment. Two noxae may be dominant among a much larger number of harmful agents actually being effective.

  • The chronological sequence of exposures can vary greatly (continuously simultaneous, successive with varying intervals, different sequences for different exposures, etc.)

  • The concentrations of individual noxae can vary considerably, thus leading to a large variety of effects.

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Streffer, C. et al. (2003). Scientific and Medical Foundations. In: Wütscher, F. (eds) Environmental Standards. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07062-8_3

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