Abstract
The Patos and Mirim Lagoons are the dominant feature of Brazil’s southern coastal plain. The 14 000 km2 large lagoon system, which receives runoff from five sub-basins totalling about 200 000 km2, discharges fresh water at the southern part of the Patos Lagoon into the Atlantic Ocean (Herz 1977; Castello and Möller 1977). About 85% of the freshwater runoff originates from the Guaíba River (Basins 85, 86), Camaquã River (Basin 87), and the São Gonçalo Channel (Basins 88, DMU), falling into the upper, central, and lower Patos Lagoon, respectively (Fig. 3.1). Freshwater runoff from the Guaíba varies between 41 and 25 000 m3 s−1 in summer/fall and winter/spring, while runoff from the Camaquã varies between 6 and 5 300 m3 s−1 (Herz 1977). The discharge from the Mirim Lagoon through the São Gonçalo Channel into the lower Patos Lagoon and estuary varies between 700 and 3 000 m3 s−1, with elevated freshwater contributions being largely restricted to winter/spring. During years under the influence of El Niño, runoff into the Patos Lagoon greatly exceeds average values with direct consequences on sediment and biogeochemical processes in the estuary and adjacent coastal waters (Ciotti et al. 1995; Seeliger et al. 1997).
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Seeliger, U. (2004). Catchment-Lagoon-Estuary-Coast Interactions of the Patos-Mirim System, South Brazil. In: Drude de Lacerda, L., Santelli, R.E., Duursma, E.K., Abrão, J.J. (eds) Environmental Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Environments. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07060-4_3
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