Abstract
Shallow water ecosystems, such as estuaries and coastal lagoons, are characterised by a tight pelagic-benthic coupling of biogeochemical processes. The sediment-water interface supplies a substantial fraction of regenerated nutrients for the sustenance of pelagic primary production and plays an important role in total community metabolism (Pamatmat 1971; Rowe et al. 1975; Florek and Rowe 1983). In organic-rich phytoplankton-based systems, the relation between sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) and pelagic primary production (PP) generally lies between 25 and 50%, and the benthic supply of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate (DIP) sustains up to 30% of the annual demand by primary production, or even 100% at some stage of the annual cycle (Nixon et al. 1976, 1980; Zeitzschel 1980); Knoppers 1994). These systems are potentially limited by nitrogen, partly because of nitrogen loss from denitrification at the sediment-water interface (Seitzinger 1988). In contrast, hypersaline carbonate-rich systems are usually dominated by benthic primary production and phosphorous limitation (Jorgensen et al. 1979 1983; Bauld 1984; Javor and Castenholz 1984; Smith 1988). Nutrient release rates from the benthic interface are intrinsically related to the activity of microphytobenthic primary producers and the additional control of phosphorous by calcium carbonate reactions. Benthic DIP release rates compared to DIN are usually low or negligible (Hines and Lyons 1982; Atkinson 1987; Smith and Atkinson 1994).
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Knoppers, B., Machado, E.C., Brandini, N., Landim de Souza, W.F. (2004). Sediment Oxygen and Nutrient Fluxes in Three Estuarine Systems of South-Eastern Brazil. In: Drude de Lacerda, L., Santelli, R.E., Duursma, E.K., Abrão, J.J. (eds) Environmental Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Environments. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07060-4_19
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