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Thermochemische Umwandlung

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Energie aus Biomasse

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Zusammenfassung

Neben der klassischen Verbrennung, die in Kapitel 9 diskutiert wurde, kann feste Biomasse über eine thermochemische Umwandlung zunächst in einen Sekundärenergieträger umgewandelt werden, der bezüglich der Handhabung und der Konversionsmöglichkeiten in End- bzw. Nutzenergie einige entscheidende Vorteile aufweist. Dabei laufen grundsätzlich die gleichen Umwandlungsprozesse ab, wie sie auch bei der Verbrennung gegeben sind. Die einzelnen Stufen der thermochemischen Umwandlung werden jedoch — im Unterschied zu der Verbrennung — räumlich und zeitlich getrennt realisiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es das Ziel der folgenden Ausführungen, zunächst die Vergasung und damit die Bereitstellung eines gasförmigen Energieträgers ausführlich darzustellen. Im anschließenden Kapitel 10.2 wird die Pyrolyse diskutiert, die das Ziel hat, einen flüssigen Energieträger — in Kuppelproduktion mit einem festen und einem gasförmigen Energieträger — bereitzustellen. Danach wird noch auf die Holzkohleproduktion und damit die Bereitstellung eines festen Energieträgers eingegangen (Kapitel 10.3).

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  1. Institut für Energetik und Umwelt GmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, D-04347, Leipzig, Deutschland

    Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kaltschmitt

  2. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landtechnik, Technische Universität München (TUM), Vöttinger Str. 36, D-85350, Freising, Deutschland

    Dr. Hans Hartmann

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    Martin Kaltschmitt

  2. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landtechnik, Technische Universität München (TUM), Vöttinger Str. 36, D-85350, Freising, Deutschland

    Hans Hartmann

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Kaltschmitt, M., Hartmann, H. (2001). Thermochemische Umwandlung. In: Kaltschmitt, M., Hartmann, H. (eds) Energie aus Biomasse. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07025-3_10

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