Abstract
Fumigation is a part of wood preservation and is used mainly for the control of wood-destroying insects, but sometimes also to control decay fungi. Fumigation normally does not achieve a preventive treatment, because following the required ventilation the fumigants escape from the wood completely, leaving no residuals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aberle B, Koller M (1968) Konservierung von Holzskulpturen. Probleme und Methoden. Institut für Österreichische Kunstforschung des Bundesdenkmalamtes, Vienna (AATA 8–761 )
Adler C, Reichmuth C (1989) Zur Wirksamkeit von Kohlendioxid bzw. Stickstoff auf verschiedene vorratsschädliche Insekten in Stahl-Getreidesilozellen. Nachrichtenbl Dtsch Pflanzenschutzd 41 (11): 177–183
Anonymous (1978) Vorschrift zur Anwendung von Delicia-GASTOXIN im Vorratsschutz. Prospekt der Fa. Delicia, Delitzsch, Stand: Dezember
Anonymous (1985) Hausbockbekämpfung in einer Stabkirche. Denkmalpflege durch Begasung sichert schonende Behandlung. Holz-Zentralblatt 111 (67/68): 1020
Anonymous (1990) Metallfärbung durch Blausäurebegasung. Restauratorenblätter 11: 11
Arai H (1995) Maßnahmen gegen biologische Schäden in Japan: Experimente und Forschungsergebnisse. Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung. Fumigation as means of wood pest control. Arbeitshefte Bayer Landesamt Denkmalpflege 75:37–39, English version, pp 40–42
Arai H, Mori H, Harada T (1972) Fumigation of the San-Gedatsu Gate of the Zbjbji-Temple, Tokyo. Sci Consery 9: 55–62 (AATA 9–622)
Arnold WJ (1985) Fumigation for insect control: sensitive structures, museums and art and valuables repositories. Newsletter (Western Association for Art Conservation) 7(1):6–7 (AATA 29–1124 )
Bachmann HG (1978) Die Einwirkung gasförmiger Blausäure auf Edelmetallüberzüge und einige NE-Metalle. DEGESCH-Technikertagung in A-Baden-Helental bei Wien, 15–21 Oct 1978. DEGESCH GmbH, Frankfurt/M, pp 68–76
Bachmann HG (1981) Prevention of biodeterioration of wooden objects of art: influence of fumigation with hydrocyanic acid on metals. Stud Consery 26(3):111–118 (AATA 181239 )
Baker MT, Burgess HD, Binnie NE, Derrick MR, Druzik JR (1990) Laboratory investigation of the fumigant Vikane. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden 1990, vol II, pp 804–811
Bauer WP (1989) Methoden und Probleme der Bekämpfung von Holzschädlingen mittels toxischer Gase. Restauratorenblätter 10: 58–63
Bäumert K, Wentzel G (1978) Holzschädlinge und deren Bekämpfung. DEGESCHTechnikertagung in A-Baden-Helental bei Wien, 15–21 Oct 1978. DEGESCH GmbH, Frankfurt/M, pp 9–16
Becker H (1988) Der Einsatz von Begasungsverfahren zur Bekämpfung holzzerstörender Insekten. Prakt Schädlingsbekämpfer 5: 114–118
Biebl W (1995) Erfahrungsbericht über die Langzeitwirkung von Begasungen in Bayern. Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung. Fumigation as a means of wood pest control.
Arbeitshefte Bayer Landesamt Denkmalpflege 75:70–71, English version, pp 72–73 Binker G (1993a) Mit Kohlendioxid gegen Insektenbefall. Restauro 99(4):222
Binker G (1993b) Report on the first fumigation of a church in Europe using sulfuryl fluoride. In: Wildey KB, Robinson WH (eds) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment–St. John’s College, Cambridge, 30 June-3 July, pp 51–55
Binker G (1994) Sulfuryl fluoride fumigations in Europe. Fumigants and pheromones technical seminar, Indianapolis, 6–8 Dec, pp 230–235
Binker G (1995a) Umweltschutzkonzepte und Neuentwicklungen bei Kulturgutbegasungen. Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung. Fumigation as a means of wood pest contol. Arbeitshefte Bayer Landesamt Denkmalpflege 75:77–89, English version, pp 90–100
Binker G (1995b) Schutz von Fledermäusen während Kirchenbegasungen im Altarion VikaneVerfahren. Vortrag auf der Tagung der Südbayerischen Fledermausschützer, Ottenhofen, 25 March 1995
Binker G (1999) Application of carbon dioxide for pest control of buildings and large objects. The 23rd International Symposium on the Conservation and restoration of cultural property, 27–29 Sept 1999, Tokyo. Abstracts, p 14
Binker G, Binker J (1993) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Begasung eines Raumes mit Sulfurylfluorid. German Pat 4343689
Binker G, Binker J (1994) Verfahren zum Ableiten eines Gas-Luftgemisches aus einem Raum. German Pat 4401338
Binker G, Binker J, Fröba G (1997) Binker Materialschutz GmbH: Innovative Stickstoffbegasung gegen Schadinsekten in Museen. Dem Zahn der Zeit entrissen–neue Forschungen und Verfahren zur Schädlingsbekämpfung im Museum. Rheinland-Verlag GmbH Köln in Kommission bei Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn, pp 127–141
Bolle J (1916) Über die Bekämpfung des Holzbohrwurmes (Anobium) in einem alten Kunstwerke. Z Angew Entomol 3: 172–178
Brand SJ, Wudtke A (1997) Bekämpfung von Textilschädlingen mit Kohlenstoffdioxid. Restauro 103 (4): 272–276
Brokerhof A (1989) Control of fungi and insects in objects and collections of cultural value “a state of the art”. Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam
Burgess HD, Binnie NE (1991) The effect of Vikane on the stability of cellulosic and ligneous materials–measurement of deterioration by chemical and physical methods. Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 185: 791–798
Canuti V (1988) Il restauro di due porte lignee intarsiate della chiesa di S. Sigismondo a Cremona. Kermes 1(3):34–39 (AATA 28–2253 )
Castelli C, Ciatti M (1989) La croce dipinta di Lippo di Benivieni: un esempio di risanamento ligneo. In: Tampone G (ed) Legno e restauro: ricerche e restauri su architetture e manufatti lignei, pp 293–295, 352 (AATA 29–2353 )
Child RE, Pinniger DB (1987) Insect pest control in U.K. museums. Recent Advances in the Conservation and Analysis of Artifacts. Jubilee Conservation Conference, University of London, Institute of Archaeology, Summer Schools Press, pp 303–305
Clark JE, Smith RS (1982) Efficacy of quenched ethylene oxide as a sterilant for wood at room temperature. Wood Fiber Sci 14(3):200–203 (AATA 20–434 )
Cotton RT, Roark RC (1928) Ethylene oxide as a fumigant. Ind Eng Chem 20: 805
Cotton RT, Young HD (1929) The use of carbon dioxide to increase the insecticidal efficiency of fumigants. Proc Entomol Soc 31: 97
Daniel V, Maekawa S, Preusser FD (1993) Nitrogen fumigation: a viable alternative. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 10th Triennial Meeting, Washington, DC, 1993, vol II, pp 863–867
Dawson JE (1981) Ethylene oxide fumigation. IIC-Canadian Group Newslett 7 (2): 8–11
Dawson JE, Strang TJK (1992) Solving museum insect problems: chemical control. Techn Bull 15. Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa
Derrick MR, Burgess HD, Baker MT, Binnie NE (1990) Sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane): a review of its use as a fumigant. J Am Inst Consery 29: 77–90
Desmarchelier JM (1994) Carbonyl sulphide as a fumigant for control of insects and mites. In: Highley E, Wright EJ, Banks HJ, Champ BR (eds) Stored product protection. Proceedings of the 6th International Working Conference on Stored-product protection, Canberra, Australia, 17–23 April 1994, Wallingford, Oxon, CAB International 1994, voll, pp 78–82
Despot R, Hrasovec B, Trajkovic J (1999) Experimental sterilization of wooden artifacts by nitrogen (N2). In: Reinprecht L (ed) Rekonstrukcia a konzervâcia historického dreva ‘89,2nd International Symposium, 15–17 June 1999, Zvolen
Dominik J, Rudniewski P, Wazny J (1970) Badania nad zastosowaniem tlenku etylenu do dezynsekcji drewna zabytkowego (Study of the application of ethylene oxide for the disinfection of ancient wood). Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoly Glownej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Lesnictwo XIV:165–170 (AATA 8–1296 )
Drinkall MJ, Dugast JF, Reichmuth Ch, Schöller M (1996) The activity of the fumigant sulfuryl fluoride on stored product insect pests. In: Wildey KB (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 7–10 July, pp 525–528
Elert K, Maekawa S (1997) Projekt zur Schädlingsbekämpfung am GCI. Restauro 103 (4): 260–266
Elmer K, Rose E, Fitzner B, Krumbein WE, Warscheid T (1993) Sterilisation of cultural objects by ethylene oxide–application for conservation practice by laboratory-based or mobile treatments. In: Thiel H-J (ed) Conservation of stone and other materials, vol II: prevention and treatments. Proceedings of the International RILEM/UNESCO Congress, Paris, 1993, Verlag E FN Spon, London, pp 581–588
Emmerling E (1995) Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung. Probleme in der Praxis und Wünsche aus der Sicht des Restaurators. Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung. Fumigation as means of wood pest control. Arbeitshefte Bayer Landesamt Denkmalpflege 75:43–56, English version, pp 57–69
Fey H (1983) Wörterbuch der Schädlingsbekämpfung. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart
Florian M-L (1987) The effect on artifact materials of the fumigant ethylene oxide and freezing used in insect control. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 8th Triennial Meeting, Sydney 1987, vol I, pp 199–208
Fuchs R (1997) Schädlingsbekämpfung an befallenem Schrift-und Archivgut: Vergleich alter und neuer Verfahren–moderne Untersuchungen zur Veränderung der Molekülstruktur. Dem Zahn der Zeit entrissen–neue Forschungen und Verfahren zur Schädlingsbekämpfung im Museum. Rheinland-Verlag GmbH Köln in Kommission bei Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn, pp 53–83
Gallo F (1975) Recent experiments in the field of disinfection of book materials. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 4th Triennial Meeting, Venice 1975, 75/15/7
Gilberg M (1989) Inert atmosphere fumigation of museum objects. Stud Consery 34: 80–84
Gilberg M (1990) Inert atmosphere disinfestation using AGELESS® oxygen scavenger. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden 1990, vol II, pp 812–816
Gilberg M (1991) The effects of low oxygen atmospheres on museum pests. Stud Consery 36: 93–98
Gilberg M, Roach A (1993a) Inert atmosphere disinfestation of museum objects using Ageless oxygen absorber. In: Toishi K, Arai H, Kenjo T, Yamano K (eds) 2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of cultural property, Yokohama, Japan, 5–8 Oct 1992. Proceedings 1993, pp 397–406
Gilb erg M, Roach A (1993b) The effects of low oxygen atmospheres on the powderpost beetle, Lyctus brunneus ( Stephens ). Stud Consery 38: 128–132
Gilberg M, Roach A (1995) Entwesung von Museumsobjekten in Inertgasen mit dem Sauerstoffabsorber AGELESS. Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung. Fumigation as a means of wood pest control. Arbeitshefte Bayer Landesamt Denkmalpflege 75:101–104, English version, pp 105–108
Green L, Daniels V (1987) Investigation of the residues formed in the fumigation of museum objects using ethylene oxide. Recent Advances in the Conservation and Analysis of Artifacts, Jubilee Conservation Conference, University of London, Institute of Archaeology, Summer Schools Press, pp 309–313
Grosser D (1975) Über die Bekämpfung holzzerstörender Insekten mit Begasungsmitteln. Prakt Schädlingsbekämpfer, no. 5
Grosser D, Roßmann E (1974) Blausäuregas als bekämpfendes Holzschutzmittel für Kunstobjekte. Holz Roh Werkst 32: 108–114
Hahn O (1999) Chemische Schädlingsbekämpfung. Risiken für Pigmente und Farbstoffe. Restauro 105 (4): 275–279
Hanlon G, Daniel V (1998) Modified atmosphere treatments of insect infestations. The structural conservation of panel paintings. In: Dardes K, Rothe A (eds) Proceedings of a Symposium at the J. Paul Getty Museum, 24–28 April 1995, the Getty Conservation Institute Los Angeles, pp 69–78
Hanlon G, Daniel V, Ravenel N, Maekawa S (1993) Dynamic system for nitrogen anoxia of large museum objects: a pest eradication case study. In: Toishi K, Arai H, Kenjo T, Yamano K (eds) 2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of cultural property, Yokohama, Japan, 5–8 Oct 1992, Proceedings 1993, pp 387–396
Hering MHB (1994) Anobienbekämpfung in der Erzdiözese München und Freising. Jahres- bericht, im Auftrag des Erzbischöflichen Ordinariates München, Kunstreferat
Howarth G (1994) Conservation of the mortification boards of the city of Aberdeen. SSCR J 5(2):15–16 (AATA 32–835 )
Kazemi SM, Dickinson DJ, Murphy RJ (1998) The influence of gaseous oxygen concentration on fungal growth rates, biomass production and wood decay. IRG/WP/98–10283
Kenaga EE (1957) Some biological, chemical and physical properties of sulfuryl fluoride as an insecticidal fumigant. J Econ Entomol 50 (1): 1–6
Kenjo T (1980) Studies on the long-term conservation of cultural properties (part 1). 2. Effects of different concentrations of oxygen on pigments used for cultural properties. Sci Pap Jpn Antiques Art Crafts 25: 103–107 (AATA 18–1405)
Kimura H, Miyachi H, Inoue I, Yamazaki S, Yamano K, Arai H (1993) On the mixed fumigants comprising of propylene oxide and methyl bromide. In: Toishi K, Arai H, Kenjo T, Yamano K (eds) 2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of cultural property, Yokohama, Japan, 5–8 Oct 1992, Proceedings 1993, pp 425–433
Kleitz M-0 (1987) L’oxide d’éthylène. Utilisation et limites. Actions secondaires avec un residu de traitement antérieur. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 8th Triennial Meeting, Sydney 1987, vol III, pp 1189–1196
Koestler RJ (1992) Practical application of nitrogen and argon fumigation procedures for insect control in museum objects. Toishi K, Arai H, Kenjo T, Yamano K (eds) 2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of cultural property, Yokohama, Japan, 5–8 Oct 1992, preprints pp 94–96
Koestler RJ (1993) Insect eradication using controlled atmospheres and FTIR measurement for insect activity. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 10th Triennial Meeting, Washington, DC, 1993, vol II, pp 882–886
Koestler RJ, Parreira E, Santoro ED, Noble P (1993) Visual effects of selected biocides on easel painting materials. Stud Consery 38: 265–273
Kowalik R, Sadurska I (1960) Wplyw tlenku etylenu na kilku przedstawicieli grzybôw niszczacych drewno ( Effectiveness of ethylene oxide against wood-destroying fungi ). Acta Microbiol Polon 9: 67–69
Lambert FL, Daniel V, Preusser FD (1992) The rate of absorption of oxygen by AGELESS’: the utility of an oxygen scavenger in sealed cases. Stud Consery 37: 267–274
Lehmann G, Kerner G, Schultze-Dewitz G (1969) Zur Bekämpfung von Holzzerstörern in Bauten. Arch Forstwesen 18 (9/10): 1163–1166
Levinson HZ, Levinson AR (1990) Die Ungezieferplagen und Anfänge der Schädlingsbekämpfung im Alten Orient. Anz Schädlingskd Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 63: 8196
Linnie MJ (1990) Conservation: pest control in museums–the use of chemicals and associated health problems. Museum Management Curatorship 9 (4): 419–423
Maekawa S (1999) Overview of oxygen-free methods and thermal methods for insect control in museums. The 23rd International Symposium on the Conservation and restoration of cultural property, 27–29 Sept 1999, Tokyo. Abstracts, p 12
Maekawa S, Elert K (1996) Large-scale disinfestation of museum objects using nitrogen anoxia. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 11th Triennial Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland 1996, vol I, pp 48–53
Maekawa S, Preusser F, Lambert F (1993) An hermetically sealed display and storage case for sensitive organic objects in inert atmospheres. In: Toishi K, Arai H, Kenjo T, Yamano K (eds) 2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of cultural property, Yokohama, Japan, 5–8 Oct 1992, Proceedings 1993, pp 374–386
Miura S (1999) Methyl bromide phase out: controversial points for the future of pest control. The 23rd International Symposium on the Conservation and restoration of cultural property, 27–29 Sept 1999, Tokyo. Abstracts, p 8
Mori H, Arai H (1978) Biodeterioration of wooden cultural properties and its control. Consery Wood, Int Symp Consery Restor Cult Prop, Tokyo 1977, Proceedings 1978, pp 1–16
Mori H, Arai H (1981) Protection of underwater cultural properties from marine borers. Sci Pap Jpn Antiques Art Crafts 26: 89–95 (AATA 19–1367)
Mori H, Arai H (1982) Means of shortening fumigation time for wooden statues and other cultural properties. Sci Consery 21: 33–39 (AATA 19–1366)
Mori H, Kadokura T (1977) Tarpaulin-covered fumigation of the tea-arbor “Joan” (National Treasure) and the old study “Seidenin” (Important Cultural Property). Sci Pap Jpn Antiques Art Crafts 20 /21: 93–100
Mori H, Kumagai M (1954) On the damage to antiques and art crafts by several fumigants. I. Effects of fumigants on some kinds of metals. Sci Pap Jpn Antiques Art Crafts 8: 17–21
Mori H, Kumagai M (1955) On the damage to antiques and art crafts by several fumigants. II. Effects of fumigants upon different kinds of pigments. Sci Pap Jpn Antiques Art Crafts 11: 21–28
Morrell JJ (1989) Fumigation. In: Schniewind AP (ed) Concise encyclopedia of wood wood- based materials. Pergamon Press, Oxford, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp 119–122
Morrell JJ, Corden ME (1986) Controlling wood deterioration with fumigants: a review. For Prod J 36 (10): 26–34
Newton J (1993) Carbon dioxide as a fumigant to replace methyl bromide in the control of insects and mites damaging stored products and artefacts. In: Wildey KB, Robinson WH (eds) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment, St. John’s College, Cambridge, 30 June-3 July 1993, pp 329–338
Newton J, Abey-Koch M, Pinniger DB (1996) Controlled atmosphere treatment of textile pests in antique curtains using nitrogen hypoxia–a case study. In: Wildey KB (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 7–10 July 1996, pp 329–339
Nicholson M, von Rotberg W (1996) Controlled environment heat treatment as a safe and efficient method of pest control. In: Wildey KB (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 7–10 July 1996, pp 263–265
Oberwalder O (1930) Die Vergasung der Pfarrkirche in Kefermarkt und ihres gotischen Schnitzaltars. Frühere Sicherungsarbeiten am Altare und Durchführung der Vergasung. Denkmalpflege, Sonderbeilage, pp 251–261
Ognibeni G (1989) Die Bekämpfung von Holzschädlingen–gefaßte Holzobjekte unter Einsatz von Gas. Restauro 95 (4): 283–287
Paterakis A (1983) Apentomosi xyloglypton I. Naou Agias Triadas Spetson me ti methoda ton aerion (Fumigation). Archaeologika Analekta ex Athinon (Athens Anals Archaeol) 15(1): 65–70 (AATA 21–439 )
Paton R, Creffield JW (1987) The tolerance of some timber pests to atmospheres of carbon dioxide in air. Int Pest Control 29 (1): 10–12
Petrovszki Z (1987) A gyulai âcsok és kömüvese k legénylâdajânak restaurâläsa (The restoration of a carpenter-mason journeyman’s chest from Gyula). Mûz Mütârgyvédelem 16: 289316 (AATA 24–765)
Piening H (1992/1993) Untersuchungen zum Diffusionsverhalten von Kohlendioxid und Stickstoff bei der Begasung holzzerstörender Insekten. Semesterarbeit, Fachhochschule Köln
Piening H (1993) Die Bekämpfung holzzerstörender Insekten mit Kohlendioxid sowie die Verträglichkeit des Gases an gefaßten Objekten. Diplomarbeit, Fachhochschule Köln Pinniger D ( 1990 ) Insect pests in museums. Archetype Publications, Clwyd
Plenderleith HJ (1956) The conservation of antiquities and works of art. Oxford University, London, part I/5 (wood), pp 116–143
Rathgen F (1924) Die Konservierung von Altertumsfunden, Teil II u. III. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp 133–149
Reichmuth C, Unger A, Unger W (1994) Schadinsekten in Kunst-und Kulturgut–Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen mit Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxid. Prakt Schädlingsbekämpfer 46 (3): 81–87
Reichmuth C, Unger W, Unger A (1991) Stickstoff zur Bekämpfung holzzerstörender Insekten in Kunstwerken. Restauro 97 (4): 246–251
Reichmuth C, Unger A, Unger W, Blasum G, Piening H, Rohde-Hehr P, Plarre R, Pöschko M, Wudtke A (1993) Nitrogen-flow fumigation for the preservation of wood, textiles, and other organic material from insect damage. In: Navarro S, Donahaye E (eds) Proceedings of the International Conference on Controlled atmosphere and fumigation in grain storage, Winnipeg, Canada, June 1992, Caspit Press, Jerusalem 1993, pp 121–128
Reierson DA, Rust MK, Kennedy JM, Daniel V, Maekawa S (1996) Enhancing the effectiveness of modified atmospheres to control insect pests in museums and similar sensitive areas. In: Wildey KB (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 7–10 July 1996, pp 319–327
Ren Y, O’Brien G, Desmarchelier JM (1997) Improved methodology for studying diffusion, sorption and desorption in timber fumigation. J Stored Prod Res 33 (3): 199–208
Renshaw-Beauchamp R (1978) Fumigation - to purify with fumes. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 5th Triennial Meeting, Zagreb 1978,78/3/1, 34 pp
Römpp H (1995) Chemie-Lexikon. Falbe J, Regitz M (eds) Thieme, Stuttgart
Ruetze (1983) Untersuchungen zur Biologie der amerikanischen Eichenwelke [Ceratocystis fagacearum (BRETZ) HUNT] und Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Desinfektion von Eichenholz. Dissertation, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Hamburg
Rust MK (1993) The potential use of modified atmospheres to control household insect pests. In: Wildey KB, Robinson WH (eds) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment, St. John’s College, Cambridge, 30 June-3 July 1993, p 473
Rust MK, Daniel V, Druzik JR, Preusser FD (1996) The feasibility of using modified atmospheres to control insect pests in museums. Restaurator 17: 43–60
Sanders S (1987) Effects of CO2-fumigation on pH. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 8th Triennial Meeting, Sydney 1987, vol III, pp 945–946
Sano C (1999) Chemical effects of various insecticides and fungicides on museum materials; reviews cited from Western papers and case studies to Japanese antiques. The 23rd International Symposium on the Conservation and restoration of cultural property, 27–29 Sept 1999, Tokyo. Abstracts, p 20
Scheffrahn RH, Su N-Y, Hsu R-C (1992) Diffusion of methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride through selected structural wood matrices during fumigation. Mat Org 27 (2): 147–155
Scheffrahn RH, Wheeler GS, Su N-Y (1995) Synergism of methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride toxicity against termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae) by admixture with carbon dioxide. J Econ Entomol 88: 649–653
Schiessl U (1984) Historischer Überblick über die Werkstoffe der schädlingsbekämpfenden und festigkeitserhöhenden Holzkonservierung. Maltechnik Restauro 90 (2): 9–40
Schmidt E, Juzwik J, Schneider B (1997) Sulfuryl fluoride fumigation of red oak logs eradicates the oak wilt fungus. Holz Roh Werkst 55: 315–318
Schneider BM (1993) Characteristics and global potential of the insecticidal fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride. In: Wildey KB, Robinson WH (eds) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Insect pests in the urban environment–St. John’s College, Cambridge, 30 June-3 July, pp 193–198
Selwitz C, Maekawa S (1998) Inert gases in the control of museum insect pests. Research in conservation. The Getty Conservation Institute
Smith CP (1988) Fumigation - a new concept. BPCA Paper (Rentokil PLC)
Smith RS (1968) Effect of moisture content on the sterilization of wood, under vacuum, by propylene and ethylene oxides. Can J Bot 46: 299–303
Smith C, Newton J (1991) Carbon dioxide: the fumigant of the future. In: Saur KG (ed) International seminar on research in preservation and conservation, May 1991. Columbia University, New York/International Federation of Library Associations, New York
Stewart D (1957) Sulfuryl fluoride–a new fumigant for control of the drywood termite Kalotermes minor Hagen. J Econ Entomol 50 (1): 7–11
Story KO (1985) Pest management in museums. Conservation Analytical Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution Suitland, Maryland
Straub RE (1963) Über die Erhaltung von Gemälden und Skulpturen. Fretz Wasmuth, Zürich Sutter H-P ( 1986 ) Holzschädlinge an Kulturgütern erkennen und bekämpfen. Haupt, Bern
Tang ZT, Jin ZW, Zhou ZJ, Wang CH, Li ZS (1985) Some tropical hardwood-destroying insects and their control methods. Nan-Ching Lin Hsueh Yuan Hsueh Pao (1): 38–43 (AATA 27–674)
Unger A (1988) Holzkonservierung. Schutz und Festigung von Kulturgut aus Holz. Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig
Unger A (1995) Begasung von Kulturgütern: Grundlagen–Materialien–Entwicklungen. Holzschädlingsbekämpfung durch Begasung. Fumigation as a means of wood pest control. Arbeitshefte Bayer Landesamt Denkmalpflege 75:19–27, English version, pp 28–36
Unger A, Unger W (1986) Begasungsmittel zur Insektenbekämpfung in hölzernem Kulturgut. Holztechnologie 27 (5): 232–236
Unger A, Unger W (1995) Die Bekämpfung tierischer und pilzlicher Holzschädlinge. Holzschutz, Holzfestigung, Holzergänzung. Arbeitshefte Bayer Landesamt Denkmalpflege 73: 7–14
Unger A, Rößner P, Schirarend C, Unger W (1988) Ethylenoxidbegasung einer afrikanischen Holzplastik. Holztechnologie 29 (5): 234–236
Unger A, Unger W, Reichmuth C (1993) The fumigation of insect-infested wood sculptures and paintings with nitrogen. In: Toishi K, Arai H, Kenjo T, Yamano K (eds) 2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of cultural property, Yokohama, Japan, October 5–8,1992, Proceedings 1993, pp 440–446
Unger W (1983) Die Begasung der denkmalgeschützten Fischerkirche in Ferch (Kreis Potsdam-Land) mit Blausäure. Holztechnologie 24 (3): 241–244
Unger W (1998) Methoden zum Nachweis der biologischen Wirksamkeit alternativer Bekämpfungsvarianten gegen holz-zerstorende Insekten. Vortragsband der 21. Holzschutz-Tagung, Rosenheim/Germany, 21–23 Apr 1998, pp 185–192
Unger W, Unger A (1993) On the effectiveness of fumigants against wood-destroying insects and fungi in wooden cultural property. IRG/WP/93–10030
Unger W, Bischoff J, Fielitz L (1984) Zum Einsatz von Phosphorwasserstoff gegen holzzerstörende Insekten in denkmalgeschützten Gebäuden. Holztechnologie 25 (5): 229–232
Unger W, Sallmann U, Unger A (1990) Eignet sich Ethylenoxid zur Hausschwamm-und Holzwurmbekämpfung in musealem und denkmalgeschütztem Kulturgut? Holztechnologie 30 (5): 255–259
Unger W, Reichmuth C, Unger A, Detmers H-B (1992) Zur Bekämpfung des Echten Hausschwamms [Serpula lacrymans (WULF.:FR.) SCHROET.] in Kulturgütern mit Brommethan. Kunsttechnol Konsery 6 (2): 244–259
Valentin N (1990) Insect eradication in museums and archives by oxygen replacement, a pilot project. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden 1990, vol II, pp 821–823
Valentin N (1993) Comparative analysis of insect control by nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide in museum, archive and herbarium collections. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 32: 263–278
Valentin N, Preusser F (1990) Insect control by inert gases in museums, archives and libraries. Restaurator 11: 22–33
Valentin N, Alguerö M, Martin de Hijas C (1992) Evaluation of disinfection techniques for the conservation of polychrome sculpture in Iberian museums. In: Hodges HWM, Mills JS, Smith P (eds) Proceedings of an international institute for conservation meeting on conservation of the Iberian and Latin American cultural heritage, Madrid, Spain, Sept 1992. The International Institute for Conservation, London, pp 165–167
Valentin N, Lidstrom M, Preusser F (1990) Microbial control by low oxygen and low relative humidity environment. Stud Consery 35: 222–230
Vieillemard E (1990) La fumigation des bois. La conservation du bois dans le patrimoine culturel, Besançon-Vesoul, 8–10 Nov 1990, pp 173–176 (AATA 30–1306 )
Weber H (1980) Blaufärbung von Kalkzementputz. Dtsch Architekturbl 12(1):106 Weller D ( 1982 ) Methylbromid. DEGESCH, Frankfurt/M
Williams EW Jr, Grosjean E, Grosjean D (1993) Exposure of artists’ colorants to sulfur dioxide. J Am Inst Consery 32: 291–310
Williams LH, Sprenkel RJ (1990) Ovicidal activity of sulfuryl fluoride to anobiid and lyctid beetle eggs of various ages. J Entomol Sci 25 (3): 366–375
Wolinski L (1986) Dezynsekcja muzealiow tlenkiem etylenu (Disinfection of museum exhibits by means of ethylene oxide). In: Lehmann J (ed) Ochrona obiektôw muzealnych: sympozjum konserwatorskie, Warszawa 2–4X 1984. Biblioteka muzealnictwa i ochrony zabytkow, Seria B, no t 80:107–111 (AATA 28–1438 )
Yamazaki M, Arai H, Yamano K, Kenjo T, Lee K-S (1993) On propylene oxide as a fumigant. Sci Consery (32): 1–8
Yulin X (1993) Fungicidal effectiveness of methyl bromide fumigant and its residue after fumigation. In: Toishi K, Arai H, Kenjo T, Yamano K (eds) 2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of cultural property, Yokohama, Japan, 5–8 Oct 1992, Proceedings 1993, pp 407–414
Zettler JL, Leesch JG, Gill RF, Mackey BE (1997) Toxicity of carbonyl sulfide to stored product insects. J Econ Entomol 90 (3): 832–836
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Unger, A., Schniewind, A.P., Unger, W. (2001). Fumigants. In: Conservation of Wood Artifacts. Natural Science in Archaeology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07480-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-06398-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive