Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Natural Science in Archaeology ((ARCHAEOLOGY))

  • 873 Accesses

Abstract

Wood is the secondary, permanent tissue of woody plants, i.e., trees and shrubs. It is made up of interconnected cells which vary in appearance, size, number, type, and arrangement. Tissues are formed by agglomeration of like cells. The various types of tissues fulfill the functions of mechanical support, conduction of liquids, and storage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bednar H, Fengel D (1974) Physikalische, chemische und strukturelle Eigenschaften von rezentem und subfossilem Eichenholz. Holz Roh Werkst 32: 99–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchette RA, Nilsson T, Daniel G, Abad A (1990) Biological degradation of wood. In: Rowell RM, Barbour RJ (eds) Archaeological wood: properties, chemistry, and preservation. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Adv Chem Ser 225: 141–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Booker RE, Sell J (1998) The nanostructure of the cell wall of softwoods and its functions in a living tree. Holz Roh Werkst 56: 1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borgin K, Faix O, Schweers W (1975a) The effect of aging on lignins of wood. Wood Sci Technol 9: 207–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borgin K, Parameswaran N, Liese W (1975b) The effect of aging on the ultrastructure of wood. Wood Sci Technol 9: 87–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fengel D, Wegener G (1984) Wood. Chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions. De Gruyter, Berlin Grosser D ( 1977 ) Die Hölzer Mitteleuropas, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosser D (1985) Pflanzliche und tierische Bau-und Werkholzschädlinge. DRW-Verlag

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinbrenner, Leinfelden-Echterdingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedges JI (1990) The chemistry of archaeological wood. In: Rowell RM, Barbour RJ (eds) Archaeological wood: properties, chemistry, and preservation. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Adv Chem Ser 225: 111–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann P, Jones MA (1990) Structure and degradation process for waterlogged archaeological wood. In: Rowell RM, Barbour RJ (eds) Archaeological wood: properties, chemistry, and preservation. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Adv Chem Ser 225: 35–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann P, Parameswaran N (1982) Chemische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen an wassergesättigten Eichenhölzern aus archäologischen Funden. Berl Beitr Archäometrie 7: 273–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann P, Peek R-D, Puls J, Schwab E (1986) Das Holz der Archäologen. Holz Roh Werkst 44: 241–247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iiyama K, Kasuya N, Tuyet LTB, Nakano J, Sakaguchi H (1988) Chemical characterization of ancient buried wood. Holzforschung 42: 5–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen P (1997) Sorption of water and water soluble agents in the waterlogged wooden cell wall. In: Hoffmann P, Grant T, Spriggs JA, Daley T (eds) Proceedings of the 6th ICOM Group on Wet Organic Archaeological Materials Conference, York 1996, Bremerhaven 1997, pp 399–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr AJ, Goring DAI (1975) The ultrastructural arrangement of the wood cell wall. Cell Chem Technol 9: 563–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohara J (1958) Study on the old timber. Res Rep Fac Technol Chiba Univ 9(15):1–55; 9(16):23–65 Kollmann F (1987) Poren und Porigkeit in Hölzern. Holz Roh Werkst 45: 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kollmann FFP, Côté WA Jr (1968) Principles of wood science and technology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Niemz P (1993) Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe. DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner, Leinfelden-Echterdingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson T, Daniel G (1990) Structure and the aging process of dry archaeological wood. In: Rowell RM, Barbour RJ (eds) Archaeological wood: properties, chemistry, and preservation. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Adv Chem Ser 225: 67–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Schniewind AP (1989) Archaeological wood. In: Schniewind AP (ed) Concise encyclopedia of wood & wood-based materials. Pergamon Press, Oxford/MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp 14–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifert K (1960) Angewandte Chemie und Physikochemie der Holztechnik. Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Sell J, Zimmermann T (1993) Radial fibril agglomerations of the S2 on transverse fracture sur-faces of tracheids of tension-loaded spruce and white fir. Holz Roh Werkst 51: 384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unger A, Poller S (1983) Methode zur Bestimmung von accessiblen Hydroxylgruppen im Holz durch Deuteriumaustausch. Holztechnologie 24: 108–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Zyl JD, Van Wyk WJ, Heunis CM (1973) The effect of aging on the mechanical and chemical properties of wood. In: Proceedings of the IUFRO-5 meeting, vol 2. International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Unger, A., Schniewind, A.P., Unger, W. (2001). Wood Structure. In: Conservation of Wood Artifacts. Natural Science in Archaeology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07480-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-06398-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics