Summary
Analogical reminding in humans and machines is a great source for chance discoveries because analogical reminding can produce representational change and thereby produce insights. Here, we present a new kind of representational change associated with analogical reminding called packing. We derived the algorithm in part from human data we have on packing. Here, we explain packing and its role in analogy making, and then present a computer model of packing in a micro-domain. We conclude that packing is likely to be used in human chance discoveries, and is needed if our machines are to make their own chance discoveries.
“Chance favors only the prepared mind.” — Louis Pasteur
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Dietrich E (2000) “Analogy and conceptual change, or you can’t step into the same mind twice. In E. Dietrich and A. Markman (eds.), Cognitive Dynamics: Conceptual and representational change in humans and machines, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 265–294
Falkenhainer B, Forbus K, Gentner D (1989) The structure-mapping engine: Algorithm and examples, Artificial Intelligence, 41 (1): 1–63
Forbus K, Gentner D, Law K (1995) MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval. Cognitive Science, 19: 141–205
Gentner D, Brem S, Ferguson R, Markman A, Levidow B, Wolff P, Forbus K (1997) Analogical reasoning and conceptual change: A case study of Johannes Kepler. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 6 (1): 3–40
Gentner D (1983) Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy, Cognitive Science 7: 155–170
Gentner D (1989) The mechanisms of analogical learning, In S. Vosniadou and A. Ortony (eds.) Similarity and analogical reasoning, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 199–241.
Gentner D, Markman AB (1997) Structure mapping in analogy and similarity. American Psychologist, 52 (1): 45–56
Gentner D, Wolff P (2000) Metaphor and knowledge change,“ In Dietrich E, Markman A (eds), Cognitive Dynamics: Conceptual and representational change in humans and machines, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 295–342
Hummel JE, Holyoak KJ (1997) Distributed representations of structure: A theory of analogical access and mapping. Psychological Review, 104 (3): 427–466
Kotovsky L, Gentner D(1996) Comparison and categorization in the development of relational similarity, Child Development, 67: 2797–2822.
Markman AB (1997) Constraints on analogical inference. Cognitive Science, 21 (4): 373–418
Markman AB (1999) Knowledge Representation. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
Markman AB, Gentner D (1993) Structural alignment during similarity Comparisons. Memory and Cognition, 24 (2): 235–249
Markman AB, Gentner D (1996) Commonalities and differences, Memory and Cognition, 24: 235–249
Palmer SE (1978) Fundamental aspects of cognitive representation. In Rosch E, Lloyd BB (eds) Cognition and Categorization, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 259–302
Poincare H (1908/1952) Science and Method,Dover Publications, New York
Stilwell CH, Markman AB, Dietrich E (2001). The Fate of Irrelevant Information in Analogy, Unpublished Ms.
Thagard P, Holyoak KJ, Nelson G, Gochfeld D (1990) Analogical retrieval by constraint satisfaction. Artificial Intelligence, 46, 259–310
Wiser M, Carey S (1983) When heat and temperature were one. In Gentner D, Stevens AL (eds) Mental Models (pp. 267–298 ), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dietrich, E., Markman, A.B., Stilwell, C.H., Winkley, M. (2003). The Prepared Mind: the Role of Representational Change in Chance Discovery. In: Ohsawa, Y., McBurney, P. (eds) Chance Discovery. Advanced Information Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06230-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06230-2_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05609-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-06230-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive