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Plastizität, Lernen, Gedächtnis

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Biologische Psychologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Anpassung des Organismus an sich ständig verändernde Umweltbedingungen erfordert eine Vielzahl homöostatischer und nichthomöostatischer Anpassungsvorgänge. All diese physiologischen Regelungen setzen aber voraus, daß der Organismus lernt, potentiell gefährdende Situationen und Reize schon vor deren Auftreten zu vermeiden und potentiell nützliche Situationen aufzusuchen. Meist werden solche„nützlichen“ Situationen auch als lustvoll erlebt und deshalb wiederholt aufgesucht. Die Lernpsychologie hat in den letzten 100 Jahren die psychologischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten, die dem Lernen von Annäherung und Vermeidung und dem Lernen von Signalbedeutungen zugrunde liegen, im wesentlichen aufgeklärt. Erst ab Mitte des 20.Jahrhunderts begann man, vorerst im Tierversuch, die biologischen Grundlagen dieser im Reich des Lebendigen universell geltenden Lerngesetze systematisch physiologisch zu erforschen.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Verhaltensneurobiologie, Universität Tübingen, Gartenstraße 29, D-72074, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Professor Dr. Niels Birbaumer

  2. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Professor Dr. D.Sc.h.c. Robert F. Schmidt

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. Niels Birbaumer
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  2. Professor Dr. D.Sc.h.c. Robert F. Schmidt
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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Birbaumer, N., Schmidt, R.F. (1999). Plastizität, Lernen, Gedächtnis. In: Biologische Psychologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06097-1_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06097-1_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-06098-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-06097-1

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