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Transkription und posttranskriptionale Prozessierung der RNA

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Zusammenfassung

Die DNA enthält eine Sammlung von Genen, welche für den Aufbau aller Proteine codieren, darüber hinaus aber auch die Information für die Synthese anderer Polynucleotide, z. B. der ribosomalen RNA oder der transfer-RNA. Da zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt eine Zelle in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Differenzierungszustand, ihrer jeweiligen biologischen Aktivität sowie vieler extrazellulärer Signalstoffe nur einen geringen Teil der codierten Gene in Form der entsprechenden Genprodukte benötigt, ergibt sich zwingend, daß jeweils nur bestimmte DNA-Abschnitte primär in eine Form umgeschrieben werden müssen, die ihre weitere Verarbeitung, z. B. für die Proteinbiosynthese, ermöglicht. Dieser Vorgang des Umschreibens wird auch als Transkription bezeichnet und beinhaltet die Herstellung einer Kopie eines Gens in Form eines einzelsträngigen RNA-Moleküls. Sie findet im Zellkern statt und führt in der Regel noch nicht zu funktionsfähigen Molekülen. Die primären Transkriptionsprodukte müssen zum Teil recht erhebliche posttranskriptionale Veränderungen durchlaufen, bevor sie durch die Kernporen in das Cytosol transportiert werden, um dort ihren verschiedenen Funktionen im Rahmen der Proteinbiosynthese nachzukommen.

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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Löffler, G. (1997). Transkription und posttranskriptionale Prozessierung der RNA. In: Biochemie und Pathobiochemie. Springer Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06062-9_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06062-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-06063-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-06062-9

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