Abstract
This review examines the state-of-the-art in the oxidative transformation of C2-C4 alkanes to olefins and to oxygentaed compounds. Chemical, catalytic and technological aspects are discussed, in relation to both current industrial processes and processes under study or development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. Bielanski and J. Haber, Oxygen in Catalysis, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991.
J. Haber, in Heterogeneous Hydrocarbon Oxidation, B.K. Warren and S.T. Oyama, (Eds.), ACS Symp. Series 638, 1996, p. 20.
P. Arpentinier, F. Cavani and F. Trifirà The Technology of Catalytic Oxidations, Editions Technip, Paris, 2001, ISBN 2-7108-0777-7.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirà , Catal. Today, 51 (1999) 561.
H.H. Kung, Adv. Catal., 40 (1994) 1.
J.C. Vedrine, G. Coudurier and J.-M. Millet, Catal. Today, 33 (1997) 3.
J.C. Vedrine, J.-M. Millet and J.-C. Volta, Catal Today, 32 (1996) 115.
G. Busca, E. Finocchio, G. Ramis and G. Ricchiardi, Catal. Today, 32 (1996) 133.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirô, in Catalysis Vol. 11, Royal Society of Chemistry, (1994), p. 246.
S. Albonetti, F. Cavani and F. Trifirà , Catal. Rev.—Sci. Eng., 38 (1996) 413.
V.D. Sokolovskii, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 32 (1990) 1.
B. Delmon, P. Ruiz, S.R.G. Carrazdn, S Korili, M.A. Vicente Rodriguez and Z. Sobalik, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 100 (1996) 1.
R. Burch and M.J. Hayes, J. Molec. Catal., A. Chemical 100 (1995) 13.
L.D. Schmidt, M. Huff and S.S. Bharadwaj, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49 (24A) (1994) 3981.
G. Centi, F. Cavani and F. Trifirô, Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001, ISBN 0-306-46265-6.
F. Trifirô and F. Cavani, Selective Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Related Oxidations, Catalytica Studies Division, Mountain View, CA, No. 4193 SO, 1994.
F. Trifirô and F. Cavani, Oxidative dehydrogenation and alternative dehydrogenation processes, Catalytica Studies Division, Mountain View, CA, No. 4192 OD, 1993.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirô, Catal. Today, 24 (1995) 307.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirô, Appl. Catal., A: General, 88 (1992) 115
E.A. Mamedov and V. Cortes Corberan, Appl. Catal., A: General, 127 (1995) 1.
E.A. Mamedov, Appl. Catal., A: General, 116 (1994) 49.
M. Roy, M. Gubelmann-Bonneau, H. Ponceblanc and J.-C. Volta, Catal. Lett., 42 (1996) 93.
P. Barthe and G. Blanchard, France Pat. 90 12,519 (1990), assigned to Rhodia.
M. Kitson, US Patent 5,260,250 (1993), assigned to BP Chemicals.
I.M. Clegg, R. Hardman, Eur. Patent 667,844 (1998), assigned to EVC Technology AG.
Y. Moro-oka and W. Ueda, in Catalysis Vol. 11, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994, P. 223.
L.C. Glaeser, J.F. Brazdil, D.D. Suresh, D.A. Orndoff and R.K. Grasselli, US 4,788,173 (1988), assigned to Standard Oil Co.
A.T. Guttmann, R.K. Grasselli and J.F. Brazdil, US 4,746,641 (1988), assigned to Standard Oil Co.
S. Albonetti, G. Blanchard, P. Burattin, F. Cavani and F. Trifirô, EP 691,306 Al (1995); assigned to Rhodia.
R. Catani, G. Centi, F. Trifirô and R.K. Grasselli, Ind. Eng. Chem., Res., 31 (1992) 107.
A. Andersson, S.L.T. Andersson, G. Centi, R.K. Grasselli, M. Sanati and F. Trifirô, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 75 (1993) 691.
J. Nilsson, A. Landa-Canovas, S. Hansen and A. Andersson, catal. Today, 33 (1997) 97.
F. Cavani, E. Etienne, M. Favaro, A. Galli, F. Trifirô and G. Hecquet, Catal. Lett., 32 (1995) 215.
G. Busca, F. Cavani, E. Etienne, E. Finocchio, A. Galli, G. Selleri and F. Trifirô, J. Molec. Catal., 114 (1996) 343.
F. Cavani, E. Etienne, G. Hecquet, G. Selleri and F. Trifirô, in Catalysis of Organic Reactions, R.E. Malz ( Ed. ), Marcel Dekker, (1996), p. 107.
N. Mizuno, M. Tateishi and M. Iwamoto, Appl. Catal., A: General, 128 (1995) L165.
N. Mizuno, W. Han, T. Kudo and M. Iwamoto, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 101 (1996) 1001.
N. Mizuno, M, Tateishi and M. Iwamoto, J. Catal., 163 (1996) 87.
N. Mizuno, D.-J. Suh, W. Han and T. Kudo, J. Molec. Catal., A: Chemical, 114 (1996) 309.
L. Jalowiecki-Duhamel, A. Monnier, Y. Barbaux and G. Hecquet, Catal. Today, 32 (1996) 237.
W. Ueda, Y. Suzuki, W. Lee and S. Imaoka, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 101 (1996) 1065.
H. Krieger and L.S. Kirch, US Patent 4,260,822 (1981), assigned to Rohm and Haas Co.
J.L. Callahan and R.K. Grasselli, AIChE, 9 (1963) 755.
L.-T. Weng and B. Delmon, Appl. Catal., A: General, 81 (1992) 141.
E. Bordes and R.M. Contractor, Topics in Catal., 3 (1996) 365.
F. Cavani, and F. Trifirè
R.M. Contractor, in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology II, P. Basu and J.F. Large (Eds.), Pergamon Press, Toronto, 1988, p. 467.
R.M. Contractor and A.W. Sleight, Catal. Today, 1 (1987) 587.
R.M. Contractor, H.E. Bergna, U. Chowdhry and A.W. Sleight, in Fluidization VI, J.R. Grace, L.W. Shemilt and M.A. Bergognou (Eds.), Engineering Foudation, New York (1989), p. 589.
R.M. Contractor, D.I. Garnett, H.S. Horowitz, H.E. Bergna, G.S. Patience, J.T. Schwartz and G.M. Sisler, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 82 (1994) 233.
E. Kesteman, M. Merzouki, B. Taouk, E. Bordes and R. Contractor, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 91 (1995) 707.
Y.-C. Kim, W. Ueda and Y. Moro-oka, Appl. Catal., 70 (1991) 175.
Y.-C. Kim, W. Ueda and Y. Moro-oka, Catal. Today, 13 (1992) 673.
E.N. Voskresenskaya, V.G. Roguleva and A.G. Anshits, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 37 (1995) 101.
Y. Amenomiya, V.I. Birss, M. Goledzinowski, J. Galuszka and A.R. Sanger, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 32 (1990) 163.
T. Ito, J.-X. Wang, C.-H. Lin and J.H. Lunsford, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 107 (1985) 5062.
D.J. Driscoll and J.H. Lunsford, J. Phys. Chem., 89 (1985) 4415.
J.H. Kolts and J.P. Guillory, Eur. Patent 205,765 (1986), assigned to Phillips Petroleum Co.
H.M. Swaan, A. Toebes, K. Seshan, J.G. van Ommen and J.R.H. Ross, Catal. Today, 13 (1992) 201 and 629.
E. Morales and J.H. Lunsford, J. Catal, 118 (1989) 255.
J.A. Roos, S.J. Korf, R.H.J. Veehof, J.G. van Ommen and J.R.H. Ross, Catal. Today, 4 (1989) 441.
R. Burch, G.D. Squire and S.C. Tsang, Appl. Catal., 46 (1989) 69; Catal. Today, 6 (1990) 503.
J.W.M.H. Geerts, J.M.N. van Kasteren and K. van der Wiele, Catal. Today, 4 (1989) 453.
G.A. Martin, A. Bates, V. Ducarme and C. Mirodatos, Appl. Catal., 47 (1989) 287.
R. Burch and S.C. Tsang, Appl. Catal., 65 (1990) 259.
S.J. Conway and J.H. Lunsford, J. Catal., 131 (1991) 513.
K. Otsuka, M. Hatano and T. Komatsu, Catal. Today, 4 (1989) 409.
J.M. Thomas, W. Ueda, J. Williams and K.D.M. Harris, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 87 (1989) 33.
W. Ueda, F. Sakyu, T. Isozaki, Y. Morikawa and J.M. Thomas, Catal. Lett., 10 (1991) 83.
J.S. Lee and S.T. Oyama, Catal. Rev. -Sci. Eng., 30 (1988) 249.
J.M. Deboy and R.F. Hicks, J. Catal., 113 (1988) 517.
K. Otsuka, K. Jinno and A. Morikawa, J. Catal., 100 (1986) 353.
C.-H. Lin, K.D. Campbell, J.-X. Wang and J.H. Lunsford, J. Phys. Chem., 90 (1986) 534.
K.D. Campbell, H. Zhang and J.H. Lunsford, J. Phys. Chem., 92 (1988) 750.
E.M. Kennedy and N.W. Cant, Appl. Catal., 75 (1991) 321.
E.M. Kennedy and N.W. Cant, Appl. Catal., A: General, 87 (1992) 171.
J. Castiglioni, R. Kieffer and P. Poix, in Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Symposium on Catalysis, Santiago, 1994, p. 801.
S. Bernal, G.A. Martin, P. Moral and V. Perrichon, Catal Lett., 6 (1990) 231.
G.A. Martin, S. Bernal, V. Perrichon and C. Mirodatos, Catal. Today, 13 (1992) 487.
C. de Leitenburg, A. Trovarelli, J. Llorca, F. Cavani and G. Bini, Appl. Catal. A: General, 139 (1996) 161.
A. Trovarelli, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 38 (1996) 439.
S.J. Korf; J.A. Roos, L.J. Veltman, J.G. van Ommen and J.H.R. Ross, Appl. Catal., 56 (1989) 119.
V.R. Choudhary, S.T. Chaudhari, A.M. Rajput and V.H. Rane, Catal. Lett., 3 (1989) 101.
A. Parmaliana, V. Sokolovskii, D. Miceli, F. Arena and N. Giordano, J. Catal., 148 (1994) 514.
J.N. Armor and P.M. Zambri, J. Catal., 73 (1982) 57.
Y. Barbaux, D. Bouqueniaux, G. Fornasari and F. Trifirô, Appl. Catal., A: General, 125 (1995) 303.
A. Bendandi, G. Fornasari, M. Guidoreni, L. Kubelkova, M. Lucarini and F. Trifirô, Topics Catal., 3 (1996) 337.
R. Burch and E.M. Crabb, Appl. Catal., 100 (1993) 111.
M.Yu. Sinev, L.Ya. Margolis and V.N. Korchak, Russ. Chem. Rev., 64 (4) (1995) 349.
M.Yu. Sinev, Catal. Today, 24 (1995) 389.
D.J. Driscoll, K.D. Campbell and J.H. Lunsford, Adv. Catal., 35 (1987) 139.
J.H. Lunsford, Langmuir, 5 (1989) 12.
O.V. Krylov, Catal. Today, 18 (1993) 209.
D.A. Goetsch, P.M. Witt and L.D. Schmidt, in Heterogeneous Hydrocarbon Oxidation, B.K. Warren and S.T. Oyama, Eds., ACS Symp. Series 638, 1996, p. 124
D.A. Hickman and L.D. Schmidt, J. Catal., 138 (1992) 267.
D.A. Hickman, E.A. Haupfear and L.D. Schmidt, Catal. Lett., 17 (1993) 223.
M. Huff and L.D. Schmidt, J. Phys. Chem., 97 (1993) 11815.
M. Huff and L.D. Schmidt, J. Catal., 149 (1994) 127.
P.M. Torniainen, X. Chu and L.D. Schmidt, J. Catal., 146 (1994) 1.
M. Huff and L.D. Schmidt, J. Catal., 155 (1995) 82.
H.P. Hsieh, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 33 (1991) 1.
J.N. Armor, Chemtech, 22 (1992) 557.
G. Saracco and V. Specchia, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 36 (2) (1994) 305.
J.W. Veldsink, R.M.J. van Damme, G.F. Versteeg and W.P.M. van Swaaij, Chem. Eng. Sci., 47 (1992) 2939.
D. Lafarga, J. Santamaria and M. Menendez, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49 (1994) 2005.
H. Borges, A. Giroir-Fendler, C. Mirodatos, P. Chanaud and A. Julbe, Catal Today, 25 (1995) 377.
J. Herguido, D. Lafarga, M. Menendez, J. Santamaria and G. Guimon, Catal. Today, 25 (1995) 263.
A. Pantazidis, J.A. Dalmon and C. Mirodatos, Catal. Today, 25 (1995) 403.
G. Capannelli, E. Carosini, F. Cavani, O. Monticelli and F. Trifirô, Chem. Eng. Sci., 51 (10) (1996) 1817.
G. Capannelli, E. Carosini, F. Cavani, O. Monticelli and F. Trifirô, Catal Lett., 39 (1996) 241.
V.T. Zaspalis, W. van Praag, K. Keizer, J.G. van Ommen, J.H.R. Ross and A.J. Burggraaf, Appl. Catal., 74 (1991) 205.
D. Eng and M. Stoukides, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 33 (3-4) (1991) 375.
K. Fujimoto, K. Asami, K. Omata and S. Hashimoto, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61 (1991) 525.
J.E. ten Eishof, B.A. van Hassel and H.J.M. Bouwmeester, Catal. Today, 25 (1995) 397.
T. Hayakawa, K. Sato, T. Tsunoda, K. Suzuki, M. Shimizu and K. Takehira, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., (1994) 1743.
A.P.E. York, S. Hamakawa, T. Hayakawa, K. Sato, T. Tsunoda and K. Takehira, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 92 (1996) 3579.
K. Takehira, T. Hayakawa, S. Hamakawa, T. Tsunoda, K. Sato, J. Nakamura and T. Uchijima, Catal. Today, 29 (1996) 397.
R.G. Gastinger, A.C. Jones and J.A. Sofranko, Eur. Patent 253,552, 1987, assigned to Atlantic Richfield Co.
R.H. Kahney and T.D. McMinn, US Patent 4,000,178 (1976), assigned to Monsanto Co.
M.C. Sze and A.P. Gelbein, Hydroc. Process., 55 (2) (1976) 104.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirà , Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 110 (1997) 19.
R.K. Grasselli, Catal. Today, 49 (1999) 141.
E.M. Thorsteinson, T.P. Wilson, F.G. Young and P.H. Kasai, J. Catal., 52 (1978) 116. 123 F.G. Young and E.M. Thorsteinson, US Patent 4,250,346 (1981), assigned to Union Carbide Co.
J.H. McCain and W.V. Charleston, US Patent 4,524,236 (1985), assigned to Union Carbide Co.
J.H. McCain, US Patent 4,568,790 (1986), assigned to Union Carbide Co.
R.M. Manyik, J.L. Brockwell and J.E. Kendall, US Patent 4,899,003 (1990), assigned to Union Carbide Chemical and Plastics Co.
R.M. Manyik and J.H. McCain, US Patent 4,596,787 (1986), assigned to Union Carbide Co.
M. Merzouki, B. Taouk, L. Monceaux, E. Bordes and P. Courtine, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 72 (1992) 165.
M. Merzouki, B. Taouk, L. Tessier, E. Bordes and P. Courtine, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 75 (1993) 753.
R. Burch and R. Swarnakar, Appl. Catal., 70 (1991) 129.
K. Ruth, R. Kieffer and R. Burch, J. Catal., 175 (1998) 16.
K. Ruth, R. Burch and R. Kieffer, J. Catal., 175 (1998) 27.
K. Karim, M.H. Al-Hazmi and E. Mamedov, US Patent 6,013,597 (2000), assigned to Saudi Basic Ind. Co.; Eur. Patent 938, 378 (1999).
P.R. Blum and M.A. Pepera, Eur Patent 518,548 (1992), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
P.R. Blum and M.A. Pepera, US Patent 5, 300, 682 (1994).
N.C. Benkalowycz, D.R. Wagner and P.R. Blum, EP 546, 677 (1993).
F. Blaise, E. Bordes, M. Gubelmann and L. Tessier, EP 627,401 (1994), assigned to Rhone-Poulenc.
L. Tessier, E. Bordes and M. Gubelmann, Catal. Today, 24 (1995) 335.
A. Aubry, M. Gubelmann and A.M. Le Govic, US Patent 5,750,777, assigned to Rhone-Poulenc.
C. Hallett, Eur. Patent 480,594 (1991), assigned to BP Chemicals.
W.J. Kroenke and P.P. Nicholas, US Patent 4,461,919 (1984), assigned to The B.F. Goodrich Co.
A.J. Magistro, US Patent 4,102,936 (1978), assigned to The B.F. Goodrich Co.
H. Riegel, US Patent 3,557,229 (1971), assigned to The Lummus Co.
T.P. Li, US Patent 4,300,005 (1977), assigned to Monsanto Co.
D.R. Pyke and R. Reid, UK Patent 2,095,242 (1982), assigned to Imperial Chemical Industries.
M.A. Kuck, US Patent 3,987,118 (1976), assigned to Stauffer Chem. Co.
R. Hardman and I.M. Clegg, Eur. Patent 667,845 (1998), assigned to EVC Technology AG.
I.M. Clegg and R. Hardman, Eur. Patent 667,846 (1998), assigned to EVC Technology AG.
I.M. Clegg and R. Hardman, Eur. Patent 667,847 (1998), assigned to EVC Technology AG.
M.A. Toft, J.F. Brazdil and L.C. Glaeser, US Patent 4,784,979 (1988), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
J.P. Bartek and A.T. Guttmann, US Patent 4,797,381 (1989), assigned to The Standard Oil. Co.
L.C. Glaeser, J.F. Brazdil and M.A. Toft, US Patent 4,837,191 (1989), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
M.J. Seely, M.S. Friedrich and D.D. Suresh, US Patent 4,978,764 (1990), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
C.S. Lynch, L.C. Glaeser, J.F. Bradzil and M.A. Toft, US Patent 5,094,989 (1992), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
D.D. Suresh, M.J. Seeley, J.R. Nappier and M.S. Friedrich, US Patent 5,171,876 (1992), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
J.F. Brazdil, L.C. Glaeser and M.A. Toft, US Patent 5,079,207 (1992), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
J.P. Bartek, A.M. Ebner and J.R. Brazdil, US Patent 5,198,580 (1993), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
J.F. Brazdil and F.A.P. Cavalcanti, US Patent 5,576,469 (1996), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.; US Patent 5, 498, 588 (1996).
M Hatano and A. Kayo, Eur. Patent 318,295 (1988), assigned to Mitsubishi Kasei Co.
T. Ushikubo, K. Oshima, T. Umezawa and K. Kiyono, Eur. Patent 512,846 (1992), assigned to Mitsubishi Kasei Co.
T. Ushikubo, K. Oshima, A. Kayo, T. Umezawa, K. Kiyono and I. Sawaki, Eur. Patent 529,853 (1992), assigned to Mitsubishi Chemical Co.
K. Hamada and S. Komada, US Patent 5,907,052 (1999), assigned to Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha.
S. Albonetti, G. Blanchard, P. Burattin, F. Cavani and F. Trifirô, Eur. Patent 723,934 (1996), assigned to Rhodia.
S. Albonetti, G. Blanchard, P. Burattin, F. Cavani and F. Trifirà , Eur. Patent 932,662 (1997), assigned to Rhodia.
G. Blanchard, P. Burattin, F. Cavani, S. Masetti and F. Trifirà , WO Patent 97/23,287 Al (1997), assigned to Rhodia.
Y. Mimura, K. Ohyachi and I. Matsuura, in Science and Technology in Catalysis 1998, Kodansha, Tokyo, 1999, p. 69.
M. Bowker, P. Kerwin and H.-D. Eichhorn, UK Patent 2,302,291 (1997), assigned to BASF.
S. Albonetti, G. Blanchard, P. Burattin, T.J. Cassidy, S. Masetti and F. Trifirà , Catal. Lett., 45 (1997) 119.
S. Albonetti, G. Blanchard, P. Burattin, F. Cavani, S. Masetti and F. Trifirà , Catal. Today, 42 (1998) 283.
G. Centi and S. Perathoner, Catal. Rev-Sci. Eng., 40 (1998) 175.
F. Cavani, and F. Trifirô
F.J. Berry, M.E. Brett and W.R. Patterson, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton, (1983) 9 and 13.
R.G. Teller, M.R. Antonio, J.F. Brazdil and R.K. Grasselli, J. Solid State Chem., 64 (1986) 249.
T. Birchall and A.E. Sleight, Inorg. Chem., 15 (1976) 868.
G. Centi and F. Trifirô, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 28 (1986) 165.
S. Hansen, K. Stahl, R. Nilsson and A. Andersson, J. Solid State Chem., 102 (1993) 340.
F.J. Berry, M.E. Brett and W.R. Patterson, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., (1982) 695.
A. Landa-Canovas, J. Nilsson, S. Hansen, K. Stahl, A. Andersson, J. Solid State Chem., 116 (1995) 369.
G. Centi and S. Perathoner, Stud.. Surf. Sci. Catal., 91 (1995) 59.
G. Centi and P. Mazzoli, Catal. Today, 28 (1996) 351.
F.J. Berry, M.E. Brett, R.A. Marbrow and W.R. Patterson, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., (1984) 985.
F.J. Berry, J.G. Holden and M.H. Loretto, J. Chem. Soc., Farady Trans. I, 83 (1987) 615.
F.J. Berry, J.G. Holden and M.H. Loretto, Solid State Comm, 59 (1986) 397
M.D. Allen and M. Bowker, Catal. Lett., 33 (1995) 269.
Z. Magagula and E. van Steen, Catal Today, 49 (1999) 155.
M. Bowker, C.R. Bricknell and P. Kerwin, Appl. Catal., A: General, 136 (1996) 205. 186 S. Poulston, N.J. Price, C. Weeks, M.A. Allen, P. Parlett, M. Steinberg and M. Bowker, J. Catal., 178 (1998) 658.
C.A. Cody, L. DiCarlo and R.K. Darlington, Inorg. Chem., 18 (6) (1979) 1572.
F. Sala and F. Trifirô, J. Catal., 34 (1974) 68.
M. Carbucicchio, G. Centi and F. Trifirô, J. Catal., 91 (1985) 85.
A.T. Guttmann, R.K. Grasselli and J.F. Brazdil, US Patent 4,788,317 (1988), assigned to The Standard Oil Co.
G Blanchard and G. Ferre, US Patent 5,336,804 (1994), assigned to Rhodia.
R. Nilsson, T. Linblad and A. Andersson, J. Catal., 148 (1994) 501.
G. Centi, S. Perathoner and F. Trifirô, Appl. Catal., A: General, 157 (1997) 143.
V.D. Sokolovskii, A.A. Davydov and O.Yu. Ovsitser, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 37 (3) (1995) 425.
Z.G. Osipova and V.D. Sokolovskii, Kinet. Katal., 20 (1979) 910.
Y. Sasaki, H. utsumi, K. Miyaki, US Patent 5,139,988 (1992), assigned to Nitto Chem. Ind. Co.
R.H. Kahney, T.D. McMinn, US Patent 4,000,178 (1975), assigned to Monsanto Co.
S. Albonetti, G. Blanchard, P. Burattin, S. Masetti, F. Trifirô, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 110 (1997) 403.
199J.S. Kim and S.I. Woo, Appl. Catal., A: General, 110 (1994) 207.
K. Oshihara, T. Hisano and W. Ueda, Topics Catal., 15 (2) (2001) 153.
W. Ueda and K. Oshihara, Appl. Catal. A: General, 200 (2000) 135.
R.K. Grasselli, J.D. Burrington, D.J. Buttrey, P. DeSanto, C.G. Lugmair and A.F. Volpe, Symposium on Multifunctionality of Active Centers in Oxidation Catalysts and their Detection, Irsee, Germany, june 2002.
S.A. Holmes, J. Al-Saeedi, V.V. Guliants, P. Boolchand, D. Georgiev, U. Hackler and E. Sobkow, Catal. Today, 67 (2001) 403.
T. Ushikubo, K. Oshima, A. Kayo, T. Umezawa, K. Kiyono, I. Sawaki and H. Nakamura, US Patent 5,472,925 (1995) assigned to Mitsubishi Chemical Co.
M. Vaarkamp and T. Ushikubo, Appl. Catal., A: General, 174 (1998) 99.
T. Ushikubo, K. Oshima, A. Kayou, M. Vaarkamp and M. Hatano, J. Catal., 169 (1997) 394.
T. Ushikubo, K. Oshima, T. Numazawa, M. Vaarkamp and I. Sawaki, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 121 (1998) 339.
T. Ihara, A. Kayou, H. Kameo, H. Nakamura and C.J. Guo, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 121 (1998) 347.
T. Ushikubo, H. Nakamura, Y. Koyasu and S. Wajiki, Eur. Patent 608, 838 (1994).
T. Ushikubo, K. Oshima, A. Kayou and M Hatano, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal, 112 (1997) 473.
T. Ushikubo, K. Oshima, T. Ihara and H. Amatsu, US Patent 5,534,650 (1996), assigned to Mitsubishi chemical Co.
T. Ushikubo, Y. Koyasu and H. Nakamura, Eur. Patent 767, 164 (1996).
R. Ramachandran, D.L. Maclean and D.P. Satchell, US Patent 4,849,538 (1989), assigned to The BOC Group.
R. Ramachandran and L. Dao, Eur. Patent 646,558 (1994), assigned to The BOC Group.
J.C. Bart and N. Giordano, J. Catal., 64 (1980) 356.
M. Baerns, O. Buyevskaya, Catal. Today, 45 (1998) 13.
M. Baerns, O. Buyevskaya, Erdoel Erdgas Kohle, 116 (2000) 25.
S. Khoobiar and R.V. Porcelli, Eur. Patent 117,146 (1984), assigned to The Halcon SD Group.
S. Khoobiar, US Patent 4,535,188 (1985), assigned to Halcon SD Gr.
W. Hefner, O. Machhammer, H.P. Neumann, A. Tenten and W. Ruppel, H. Vogel, US Patent 5,705,684 (1998), assigned to BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
J.L. Brockwell, B.K. Warren, M.A. Young, W.G. Etzkorn and J.M. Maher, WO Patent 9736489 (1997), assigned to Union Carbide Chem Plastic.
G. Centi and F. Trifirô, in Catalytic Science and Technology, Vol. 1, Kodansha, Tokyo, (1991) 225.
M. Takahashi, X. Tu, T. Hirose and M. Ishii, US Patent 5,994,580 (1999), assigned to Toagosei Co.
M. Lin and M.W. Linsen, Eur. Patent 962,253 (1999), assigned to Rohm and Haas Co.
G. Blanchard and G. Ferre, Eur. Patent 609,122 (1994), assigned to Rhodia.
A. Kaddouri and C. Mazzocehia and E. Tempesti, Appl. Catal., A:General, 180 (1999) 271.
J. Barrault, C. Batiot, L. Magaud and M. Ganne, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal, 110 (1997) 375.
M. Ai, Catal. Today, 42 (1998) 297.
M. Ai, J. Molec. Catal., A: Chemical, 114 (1996) 3.
M. Ai. Catal. Today, 13 (1992) 679.
W. Li and W. Ueda, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 110 (1997) 433.
W. Li, K. Oshihara and W. Ueda, Appl. Catal., A: General, 182 (1999) 357.
J.E. Lyons, A.E. Volpe, P.E. Ellis and S. Karmakar, US Patent 5,990,348 (1999), assigned to Sunoco, Rohm and Haas Co.
M. Misono, N. Mizuno, K. Inumaru, G. Koyano and X.H. Lu, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 110 (1997) 35.
N. Mizuno, W. Han and T. Kudo, J. Catal., 178 (1998) 391.
R.V. Porcelli and B. Juran, Hydroc. Process., march 1986, p. 37.
W. Jentzsch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng., 29 (1990) 1228.
S. Khoobiar, US Patent 4,532,365 (1985), assigned to Halcon SD Gr.
N. Mizuno, M. Tateishi and M. Iwamoto, Appl. Catal., A: General, 118 (1994) Ll.
S. Yamamatsu and T. Yamaguchi, Eur. Patent 425,666 (1989), assigned to Asahi Chem. Co.; Jap Patent 02, 042, 032 (1990).
B. Ernst, T. Haeberle, H.J. Siegert and W. Gruber, DE Patent 42 40 085 Al (1994), assigned to Röhm GmbH Chemische Fabrik. US Patent 5,380,932 (1995).
I. Matsuura and Y. Aoki, Jap. Patent 05,331,085 (1996), assigned to Nippon Catalytic Chem. Ind., CA 121: 107989 (1996).
K. Nagai, Y. Nagaoka, H. Sato and M. Ohsu, Eur. Patent 418,657 (1990), assigned to Sumitomo Chem. Co.
K. Nagai, Y. Nagaoka and N. Ishii, EP 495,504 A2 (1992), assigned to Sumitomo Chem. Co.
T. Kuroda and M. Okita, Jap. Patent 04-128,247 (1991), assigned to Mitsubishi Rayon Co.
S. Paul, V. Le Courtois and D. Vanhove, Ind. Eng. Chem., Research, 36 (1997) 3391.
F. Cavani, A. Lucchi, A. Tanguy and F. Trifirà , DGMK-Conference C4 Chemistry-Manufacture and Use of C4 Hydrocarbons, W. Keim, B. Lücke, J. Weitkamp (Eds.), Tagungsbericht 9705 Hamburg 1997, p. 173.
W. Li, W. Ueda, Catal. Lett., 46 (1997) 261.
M. Langpape, J.M.M. Millet, U.S. Ozkan and M. Boudeulle, J. Catal., 181 (1999) 80.
M. Langpape, J.M.M. Millet, U.S. Ozkan and P. Delichère, J. Catal., 182 (1999) 148.
J.B. Moffat, Appl. Catal., A: General, 146 (1996) 65.
S. Yamamatsu and T. Yamaguchi, US Patent 5,191,116 (1993) assigned to Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha.
F. Cavani, 4ème Conférence sur la Catalyse "Paul Sabbatier", Twelfth European Conference on Catalysis, 5-9 luglio 1999, Strasbourg, Francia, Abstracts p. 22.
F. Cavani, A. Tanguy, F. Trifirà and M. Koutyrev, J. Catal., 174 (1998) 231.
T. Ushikubo, Jap. Patent 06,172,250 (1992), assigned to Mitsubishi Chem. Ind.
Jap. Patent 09,020,700 (1995), assigned to Sumitomo Chem.
K. Kawakami, S. Yamamastu and T Yamaguchi, Jap. Patent 03,176,438 (1991), assigned to Asahi Chem. Ind. Co.
H. Imai, M. Nakatsuka and A. Aoshima, Jap. Patent 62,132,832 (1987), assigned to Asahi Chem. Ind. Co.
Y. Iwasawa, K. Asakura and T. Inoue, US Patent 5,864,051 (1999), assigned to UOP.
I. Matsuura, H. Oda and K. Oshida, Catal. Today, 16 (1993) 547.
I. Matsuura and Y. Aoki, US Patent 5,329,043 (1994), assigned to Nippon Shokubai Co.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirà , Appl. Catal. A: General, 157 (1997) 195.
R.M. Contractor, US Patent 4,668,802 (1987), assigned to DuPont.
R.M. Contractor, in Circulating Fluidized bed Technology III, ( P. Basu, M. Horio and M. Hasatani, Eds.), Pergamon, Toronto (1990), p. 39.
S.C. Arnold, G.D. Suciu, L. Verde and A. Neri, Hydroc. Process., 64 (9) (1985) 123
G.D. Suciu, G. Stefani and C. Fumagalli, US Patent 4,511,670 (1985), assigned to Lummus Crest Inc. and Alusuisse Italia SpA.
G.D. Suciu, G. Stefani and C. Fumagalli, US Patent 4,594,433 (1986), assigned to Lummus Crest Inc. and Alusuisse Italia SpA.
H. Taheri, US Patent 5,117,007 (1992), assigned to Amoco Co.
M.S. Haddad, B.L. Meyers and W.S. Eryman, US Patent 4,996,179 (1991), assigned to Amoco Co.
M.S. Haddad and W.S. Eryman, US Patent 5,134,106 (1992), assigned to Amoco Co.
H. Taheri, US Patent 5,011,945 (1991), assigned to Amoco Co.
Chem. Eng. News, november 4th (1991) 34
N.J. Bremer, D.E. Dria and A.M. Weber, US Patent 4,448,893 (1984), assigned to Standard Oil Co.
B.J. Barone, US Patent 5,158,923 (1992), assigned to Scientific Design Co. Inc.
S. Ushio, Chem. Eng., 20 (1971) 107.
M. Hatano, M. Masayoshi, K. Shima and M. Ito, US Patent 5,128,299 (1992), assigned to Mitsubishi Kasei Co.
T. Kiyoura, J. Takashi, Y. Kogure and K. Kanaya, Eur. Patent 384,749 (1990), assigned to Mitsui Toatsu Chem. Inc.
J. Takashi, T. Kiyoura, Y. Kogure and K. Kanaya, US Patent 5,155,235 (1992), assigned to Mitsui Toatsu Chem. Inc.
M.J. Mummey, Eur. Patent 326,536 81989), assigned to Monsanto Co.
J.R. Ebner and W.J. Andrews, US Patent 5,137,860 (1992), assigned to Monsanto Co.
J.R. Ebner and R.A. Koppel, US Patent 5,168,090 (1992), assigned to Monsanto Co.
G.K. Kwentus and M. Suda, US Patent 4,501,907 (1985), assigned to Monsanto Co.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirà , Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 91 (1995) 1.
F. Cavani and F. Trifirô, Chemtech, 24 (1994) 18.
G. Centi, F. Trifirô, J.R. Ebner and V. Franchetti, Chem. Rev., 88 (1988) 55.
G. Hutchings, Appl. Catal., 72 (1991) 1.
Catal. Today, Special Issue on Vanadyl Pyrophosphate, G. Centi (Ed.), 16 (1993).
M. Abon and J.-C. Volta, Appl. Catal., 157 (1997) 173.
G.J. Hutchings, C.J. Kiely, M.T. Sananes-Schulz, A. Burrows, J.C. Volta, Catal. Today, 40 (1998) 273.
S. Albonetti, F. Cavani, F. Trifirô, P. Venturoli, G. Calestani, M. Lopez Granados and J.L.G. Fierro, J. Catal., 160 (1996) 52.
V.V. Guliants, J.B. Benziger, S. Sundaresan, I.E. Wachs, J.-M. Jehng and J.E. Roberts, Catal. Today, 28 (1996) 275.
V.V. Guliants, J.B. Benziger, S. Sundaresan, N. Yao and I.E. Wachs, Catal. Lett., 32 (1995) 379.
J.-C. Volta, Catal. Today, 32 (1996) 29.
M. Abon, K.E. Bere, A. Tuel and P. Delichere, J. Catal., 156 (1995) 28.
Y. Zhang, R.P.A. Sneeden and J.C. Volta, Catal. Today, 16 (1993) 39.
M.T. Sananes-Schulz, F. Ben Abdelouahab, G.J. Hutchings and J.C. Volta, J. Catal., 163 (1996) 346.
C.J. Kiely, A. Burrows, S. Sajip, G.J. Hutchings, M.T. Sananes, A. Tuel and J.-C. Volta, J. Catal., 162 (1996) 31.
Y. Schuurman, J.T. Gleaves, J.R. Ebner and M.J. Mummey, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal.,, 82 (1994) 203.
Y. Schuurman and J.T. Gleaves, Catal. Today, 33 (1997) 25.
C. Cabello, F. Cavani, S. Ligi and F. Trifirô, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119 (1998) 925.
P.A. Agaskar, L. DeCaul and R.K. Grasselli, Catal. Lett., 23 (1994) 339.
V.V. Guliants, J.B. Benziger and S. Sundaresan, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 101 (1996) 991.
B. Kubias, F. Richter, H. Papp, A. Krepel and A. Kretschmer, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 110 (1997) 461.
Z.Y. Xue and G.L. Schrader, J. Phys. Chem., B, 103 (1999) 9459.
E.W. Arnold III and S. Sundaresan, Appl. Catal., 41 (1988) 225.
G. Calestani, F. Cavani, A. Duran, G. Mazzoni, G. Stefani, F. Trifirà and P. Venturoli, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 92 (1995) 179.
J.R. Ebner and M.R. Thompson, Catal. Today, 16 (1993) 51.
F. Cavani, G. Centi, A. Riva and F. Trifirà , Catal. Today, 1 (1987) 17.
F. Cavani, G. Centi, F. Trifirô and R.K. Grasselli, Catal. Today, 3 (1988) 185.
J. Haber, R. Tokarz and M. Witko, in Heterogeneous Hydrocarbon Oxidation, B.K. Warren and S.T. Oyama (Eds.), ACS Symp. Series 638, Washington, 1996, p. 249.
B. Kubias, U. Rodemerck, H.-W. Zanthoff and M. Meisel, Catal. Today, 32 (1996) 243.
F. Cavani, A. Colombo, F. Giuntoli, E. Gobbi, F. Trifirà and P. Vazquez, Catal. Today, 32 (1996) 125.
G. Mazzoni, G. Stefani and F. Cavani, Eur. Patent 804,963 Al (1997), assigned to Lonza SpA.
N. Duvauchelle, E. Kesteman, F. Oudet and E. Bordes, J. Solid State Chem., 137 (1998) 311.
N. Duvauchelle and E. Bordes, Catal Lett., 57 (1999) 81.
K. Alt-Lachgar, M. Abon and J.C. Volta, J. Catal., 171 (1997) 383.
K. Alt-Lachgar, A. Tuel, J.M. Herrmann, J.M. Krafft, J.R. Martin, J.C. Volta and M. Abon, J. Catal., 177 (1998) 224.
P.T. Nguyen, A.W. Sleight, N. Roberts, W.W. Warren, J. Solid state Chem., 122 (1996) 259.
P.L. Gai and K. Kourtakis, Science, 267 (1995) 661.
F. Cavani, S. Ligi, T. Monti, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirà , S. Albonetti and G. Mazzoni, Catal. Today, 61 (2000) 203.
S. Ligi, F. Cavani, S. Albonetti, G. Mazzoni, WO 0072963 (2000), assigned to Lonza SpA.
S. Albonetti, F. Cavani, S. Ligi, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirà , F. Ghelfi and G. Mazzoni, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 143 (2002) 963.
D.E. Resasco and G.L. Haller, in Catalysis Vol. 11, Royal Society of Chemitry, Cambridge, (1994), p. 379.
A.D. Eastman, J.P. Guillory, C.F. Cook and J.B. Kimble, US Patent 4,835,127 (1989), assigned to Phillips Petroleum Co.
H. Mimoun, A. Robine, S. Bonnault and C.S. Cameron, Appl. Catal., 58 (1990) 269.
J.H. Edwards, K.T. Do and R.J. Tyler, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61 (1991) 489.
R. Burch, S. Chalker and S.J. Hibble, Appl. Catal. A: General, 96 (1993) 289.
R.L. Keiski, O. Desponds, Y.F. Chang and G.A. Somorjai, Appl. Catal A: General, 101 (1993) 317.
S.J. Conway, D.J. Wang and J.H. Lunsford, Appl. Catal. A: General, 79 (1991) L1.
O.V. Buyevskaya and M.Baerns, Catal. Today, 42 (1998) 315.
V.R. Choudary and V.H. Rane, J. Catal., 135 (1992) 310.
S.T. Oyama and G.A. Somorjai, J. Phys. Chem., 94 (1990) 5022.
J. Le Bars, A. Auroux, J.C. Vedrine and M. Baerns, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 72 (1992) 181
S. Bordoni, F. Castellani, F. Cavani, F. Trifirà and M.P. Kulkarni, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 82 (1994) 93.
Y. Murakami, K. Otsuka, Y. Wada and A. Morikawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 63 (1990) 340.
O.J. Velle, A. Anderson and K.J. Jens, Catal. Today, 6 (1990) 567.
M. Loukah, G. Coudurier and J. Vedrine, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 72 (1992) 191.
J. Le Bars, A. Auroux, S. Trautmann, M. Baerns, in Proceedings DGMK Conference on Selective Oxidation in Petrochemistry, DGMK, Hamburg, 1992, p. 59.
G. Colorio, J.C. Vedrine, A. Auroux and B. Bonnetot, Appl. Catal., A: General, 137 (1996) 55.
L. Ji and J. Liu, Chem. Comm., (1996) 1203.
V.R. Choudhary, B.S. Uphade and S.A.R. Mulla, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng., 34 (1996) 665.
S.S. Bharadwaj and L.D. Schmidt, J. Catal., 155 (1995) 403.
P.M. Michalakos, M.C. Kung, I Jahan and H.H. Kung, J. Catal., 140 (1993) 226.
S.S. Bharadwaj, C. Yokoyama and L.D. Schmidt, Appl. Catal., A: General, 140 (1996) 73.
A. Corma, J. Lopez Nieto, N. Paredes, M. Perez, Y. Shen, H. Cao and S.L. Suib, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 72 (1992) 213.
A. Corma, J.M. Lopez Nieto, N. Paredes, A. Dejoz and I. Vazquez, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 82 (1994) 113.
P. Conception, J.M. Lopez Nieto and J. Perez Pariente, Catal. Lett., 19 (1993) 333
J.G. Eon, R. Olier and J.C. Volta, J. Catal., 145 (1994) 318.
R.H.H. Smits, K. Seshan, H. Leemreize and J.R.H. Ross, Catal. Today, 16 (1993) 513.
R.H.H. Smits, K. Seshan and J.R.H. Ross, in Catalytic Selective Oxidation, S.T. Oyama and J.W. Hightower (Eds.), ACS Symp. Series 523 (1993).
R.H.H. Smits, K. Seshan and J.R.H. Ross, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., (1991) 558.
O.S. Owen and H.H. Kung, J. Molec. Catal., 79 (1993) 265.
M.C. Kung and H.H. Kung, J. Catal., 134 (1992) 668.
M.D. Chaar, D. Patel, M.C. Kung and H.H. Kung, J. Catal., 105 (1987) 483.
K.T. Nguyen and H.H. Kung, J. Catal., 122 (1990) 415.
D.S.H. Sam, V. Soenen and J.C. Volta, J. Catal, 123 (1990) 417.
X. Gao, P. Ruiz, Q. Xin, X. Guo and B. Delmon, Catal. Lett., 23 (1994) 321.
A. Bruckner, P. Rybarczyk, H. Kosslick, G.-U. Wolf and M. Baerns, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 142 (2002) 1141.
359G. Centi, S. Perathoner, F. Trifirb, A. Aboukais, F.C. Aissi and M. Guelton, J. Phys. Chem., 96 (1992) 2617.
C. Mazzocchia, C. Aboumrad, C. Daigne, E. Tempesti, J.M. Herrmann and G. Thomas, Catal. Lett., 10 (1991) 181.
B. Khazai, G.E. Vrieland and C.B. Murchison, Eur. Patent 409,355 Al (1991), assigned to Dow Chem. Co.
Y. Takita, K. Yamashita and K. Moritaka, Chem. Lett., (1989) 1903.
E. Matsunami and N. Kishimoto, Eur. Patent 963,788 (1999), assigned to Nippon Catalytic Chem. Ind.
R.X. Valenzuela, J.L.G. Fierro, V. Cortés Corberan and E.A. Mamedov, Catal. Lett., 40 (1996) 223.
J.N. Michaels, D.L. Stern and R.K. Grasselli, Catal. Lett., 42 (1996) 135 and 139.
D.L. Stern, J.N. Michaels, L. DeCaul and R.K. Grasselli, Appl. Catal., A: General, 153 (1997) 21.
D.L. Stern and R.K. Grasselli, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 110 (1997) 357.
J. Soler, J.M.Lopez Nieto, J. Herguido, M. Menendez and J. Santamaria, Ind. Eng. Chem., Research 38 (1999) 90.
J.M. Lopez Nieto, J. Soler, J. Herguido, M. Menendez and J. Santamaria, J. Catal., 185 (1999) 324.
T. Imai, US Patent 4,435,607 (1984), assigned to UOP.
T. Imai and R.J. Schmidt, US Patent 4,886,928 (1989), assigned to UOP.
R.R. Herber and G.J. Thompson, US Patent 4,806,624 (1989), assigned to UOP.
L.E. Drehman and D.W. Walker, US Patent 3,670,044 81972), assigned to Phillips Petroleum Co.
T. Imai and D.Y. Jan, US Patent 4,788,371 (1988), assigned to UOP.
J.G. Tsikoyiannis, D.L. Stern and R.K. Grasselli, J. Catal., 184 (1999) 77.
P.A. Agaskar, R.K. Grasselli, J.N. Michaels, P.T. Reischman, D.L. Stern and J.G. Tsikoyiannis, US Patent 5,530,171 (1996), assigned to Mobil Oil Co.
P.A. Agaskar, J.G. Tsikoyiannis, D.L. Stern, R.K. Grasselli, J.N. Michaels and P.T. Reischman, and, US Patent 5,563,314 (1996), assigned to Mobil Oil Co.
V.R. Choudary, V.H. Rane and A.M. Rajput, AIChE J., 44 (1998) 2293.
V.R. Choudary and S.A.R. Mulla, Ind. Eng. Chem., Research, 36 (1997) 3520.
F. Cavani, M. Koutyrev and F. Trifirà Catal. Today, 28 (1996) 319.
Y. Takita, K. Kurosaki, Y. Mizuhara, and T. Ishihara, Chem Lett. (1993), 335.
M.A. Uddin, T. Komatsu and T. Yashima, J. Catal., 150 (1994) 441.
W. Zhang, D.L. Tang, X.P. Zhou, H.L. Wan and K.R. Tsai, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1994) 771.
F. Cavani, C. Comuzzi, G. Dolcetti, R.G. Finke, A. Lucchi, F. Trifirô and A. Trovarelli, in Heterogeneous Hydrocarbon Oxidation, B.K. Warren and S.T. Oyama (Eds.), ACS Symp. Series 638, Washington, 1996, p. 140.
C. Comuzzi, A. Primavera, A. Trovarelli, G. Bini and F. Cavani, Topics in Catal., 9 (1999) 251.
C. Comuzzi, G. Dolcetti, A. Trovarelli, F. Cavani, J. Llorca and R.G. Finke, Catal. Lett., 36 (1996) 75.
F. Cavani, C. Comuzzi, G. Dolcetti, E. Etienne, R.G. Finke, G. Selleri, F. Trifirô and A. Trovarelli, J. Catal., 160 (1996) 317.
O.V. Buyevskaya, M. Kubik and M. Baems, in Heterogeneous Hydrocarbon Oxidation, B.K. Warren and S.T. Oyama (Eds.), ACS Symp. Series 638, Washington (1996), p. 155.
K. Otsuka, Y. Uragami, T. Komatsu and M. Hatano, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61 (1991) 15.
R. Grabowski, B. Grzybowska, J. Sloczynski and K. Wcislo, Appl. Catal., A: General, 144 (1996) 33
Recent references
J.M. Thomas, Topics Catal., 15 (2001) 85
R.K. Grasselli, Topics Catal., 15 (2001) 93
G. Emig and M.A. Liauw, Topics Catal., 21 (2002) 11
R. K. Grasselli, Topics Catal., 21 (2002) 79
M. Misono, Topics Catal., 21 (2002) 89
J.C. Vedrine, Topics Catal., 21 (2002) 97
L.M. Madeira, M.F. Portela, Catal. Rev.- Sci. Eng., 44 (2002) 247
J.M.M. Millet, H. Roussel, A. Pigamo, J.L. Dubois, J.C. Dumas, Appl. Catal., A: General, in press 2003.
M. Banares, Catal. Today, 51 (1999) 319
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cavani, F., Trifirò, F. (2004). Partial Oxidation of C2 to C4 Paraffins. In: Baerns, M. (eds) Basic Principles in Applied Catalysis. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 75. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05981-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05981-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07310-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05981-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive