Abstract
The virulence of Bacillus anthracis depends principally on two extracellular products, an antiphagocytic poly-γ-D-glutamic acid capsule, and a three-component protein exotoxin (Smith et al. 1955). The central role of these two virulence factors is demonstrated by the greatly reduced virulence of strains purged of either of two large plasmids, pXOl and pXO2, which encode the toxin and capsule, respectively. Furthermore, the fact that antibodies to the toxin protect animals from infection (Gladstone 1946) demonstrates that anthrax, like diphtheria and tetanus, is a strongly toxin-dependent disease. Sterne-type B. anthracis strains lacking pXO2 are effective live vaccines, because they are avirulent but still able to make toxin and induce anti-toxin antibodies (Sterne 1937).
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Leppla, S.H. (2000). Anthrax Toxin. In: Aktories, K., Just, I. (eds) Bacterial Protein Toxins. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 145. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05971-5_19
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