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Der Vergleich unabhängiger Stichproben gemessener Werte

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Book cover Angewandte Statistik

Zusammenfassung

Wissen wir einiges über die zu erwartende Heterogenität innerhalb der Grundgesamtheit, die wir untersuchen wollen, dann gibt es wirksamere Verfahren als die Auswahl zufälliger Stichproben. Wichtig ist die Verwendung geschichteter oder stratifizierter Stichproben; hier wird die Grundgesamtheit in relativ homogene Teilgrundgesamtheiten, Schichten oder Strata unterteilt, und zwar jeweils nach den Gesichtspunkten, die für das Studium der zu untersuchenden Variablen von Bedeutung sind. Geht es um die Voraussage von Wahlergebnissen, dann wird man die Stichprobe so wählen, daß sie ein verkleinertes Modell der Gesamtbevölkerung darstellt. Dabei werden in erster Linie Altersschichtung, das Verhältnis zwischen Männern und Frauen und die Einkommensgliederung berücksichtigt. So gliedern sich die Erwerbstätigen in der BRD nach der Stellung im Beruf etwa in 50% Arbeiter, 35% Angestellte, 8% Selbständige und 7% Beamte. Stratifizierung verteuert meist die Stichprobenerhebung, ist jedoch ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel. Der Stichprobenumfang pro Schicht ist umso kleiner, je kleiner die Schicht, je kleiner die Varianz und je teurer die Erhebung in der betreffenden Schicht ist.

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© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Sachs, L. (1984). Der Vergleich unabhängiger Stichproben gemessener Werte. In: Angewandte Statistik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05748-3_6

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