Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetism in Ruthenates

  • Chapter
Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Complex Materials

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 54))

Abstract

Investigations of magnetic transition metal oxides with metal-insulator transitions in their phase diagrams have revealed a remarkable range of interesting, complex and often unanticipated phenomena, including high temperature superconductivity, various charge, spin and orbital ordered states, triplet superconductivity, giant magnetoelastic effects, and heavy Fermion behavior [1]. A good example is provided by the perovskite manganites [2]. Although known for several decades, these compounds were re-investigated in detail during the last few years because of interest in the colossal magnetoresistive effect, which is basically a metal-insulator transition occurring at or near the magnetic ordering temperature for some compositions. What has been revealed is a complex rich phase diagram including charge, spin and orbital ordered phases resulting from an interplay of strong correlations, strong lattice coupling, and band structure effects, as discussed by Solovyev and Terakura in this volume.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M. Imada, A. Fujimori, and Y. Tokura: Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 1039 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.M.D. Coey, M. Viret, and S. von Molnar: Adv. Phys. 48, 167 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Maeno, H. Hashimoto, K. Yoshida, S. Nishizaki, T. Fujita, J.G. Bednorz, and F. Lichtenberg: Nature 372, 532 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. T.M. Rice and H. Sigrist: J. Phys. Condens. Matter 7, L643 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. I.I. Mazin and D.J. Singh: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 733 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. I.I. Mazin and D.J. Singh: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4324 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Kitaoka, K. Ishida, K. Asayama, S. Ikeda, S. Nishizaki, Y. Maeno, K. Yoshida, and T. Fujita: Physica C 282-287, 210 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. L. Tewordt: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1007 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Mukuda, K. Ishida, Y. Kitaoka, K. Asayama, Z. Mao, Y. Mori, and Y. Maeno: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67, 3945 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. E.V. Kuzmin, S.G. Ovchinnikov, and I.O. Baklanov: Phys. Rev. B 61, 15392 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Matzdorf, Z. Fang, Ismail, J. Zhang, T. Kimura, Y. Tokura, K. Terakura, and E.W. Plummer: Science 289, 746 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. P.K. de Boer and R.A. de Groot: Phys. Rev. B 59, 9894 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.J. Randall and R. Ward: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 2629 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R.J. Bouchard and J.L. Gillson: Mater. Res. Bull. 7, 873 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Callaghan, C.W. Moeller, and R. Ward: Inorg. Chem. 5, 1572 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.M. Longo, P.M. Raccah, and J.B. Goodenough: J. Appl. Phys. 39, 1327 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. C.W. Jones, P.D. Battle, P. Lightfoot, and W.T.A. Harrison: Acta Cryst. C 45, 365 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Kobayashi, M. Nagata, R. Kanno, and Y. Kawamoto: Mater. Res. Bull. 29, 1271 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Kanbayashi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 44, 108 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. Cao, S. McCall, M. Shepard, J.E. Crow, and R.P. Guertin: Phys. Rev. B 56, 321 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. L. Klein, J.S. Dodge, T.H. Geballe, A. Kapitulnik, A F Marshall, L. Antognazza, and K. Char: Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2427 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. B.C. Chakoumakos, S.E. Nagler, S.T. Misture, and H.M. Christen: Physica B 241, 358 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Kiyama, K. Yoshimura, K. Kosuge, H. Mitamura, and T. Goto: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 68, 3372 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Kiyama, K. Yoshimura, K. Kosuge, H. Michor, and G. Hilscher: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 67, 307 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. K. Yoshimura, T. Imai, T. Kiyama, K.R. Thurber, A.W. Hunt, and K. Kosuge: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4397 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. Mukuda, K. Ishida, Y. Kitaoka, K. Asayama, R. Kanno, and M. Takano: Phys. Rev. B 60, 12279 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. C.S. Alexander, G. Cao, S. McCall, and J.E. Crow: J. Appl. Phys. 85, 6223 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. T. He and R.J. Cava: Phys. Rev. B 63, 172403 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  29. D.J. Singh: J. Appl. Phys. 79, 4818 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. P.B. Allen, H. Berger, O. Chauvet, L. Forro, T. Jarlborg, A. Junod, B. Revaz, and G. Santi: Phys. Rev. B 53, 4393 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. I.I. Mazin and D.J. Singh: Phys. Rev. B 56, 2556 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Fujioka, J. Okamota, T. Mizokawa, A. Fujimori, I. Hase, M. Abate, H.J. Lin, C.T. Chen, Y. Takeda, and M. Takano: Phys. Rev. B 56, 6380 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  33. G. Santi and T. Jarlborg: J. Phys. Conden. Matter 9, 9563 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. I.V. Solovyev: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 811 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. I.I. Mazin and D.J. Singh: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 59, 2185 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. J.S. Dodge, E. Kulatov, L. Klein, C.H. Ahn, J.W. Reiner, L. Mieville, T.H. Geballe, M.R. Beasley, A. Kapitulnik, H. Ohta, Yu. Uspenskii, and S. Halilov: Phys. Rev. B 60, 6987 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. A.P. Mackenzie, J.W. Reiner, A.W. Tyler, L.M. Galvin, S.R. Julian, M.R. Beasley, T.H. Geballe, and A. Kapitulnik. Phys. Rev. B 58, 13318 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Klein, Y. Kats, A.F. Marshall, J.W. Reiner, T.H. Geballe, M.R. Beasley, and A. Kapitulnik: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 6090 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. L. Klein, A.F. Marshall, J.W. Reiner, C.H. Ahn, T.H. Geballe, M.R. Beasley, and A. Kapitulnik. J Magn. Magn. Mater. 188, 319 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. L. Klein, J.S. Dodge, C.H. Ahn, G.J. Snyder, T.H. Geballe, M.R. Beasley, and A. Kapitulnik. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2774 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. L. Klein, J.S. Dodge, C.H. Ahn, J.W. Reiner, L. Mieville, T.H. Geballe, M.R. Beasley, and A. Kapitulnik: J. Phys. Condens. Matter 8, 10111 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. P. Kostic, Y. Okada, N.C. Collins, Z. Schlesinger, J.W. Reiner, L. Klein, A. Kapitulnik, T.H. Geballe, and M.R. Beasley: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2498 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Okamoto, T. Mizokawa, A. Fujimori, I. Hase, M. Nohara, H. Takagi, Y. Takeda, and M. Takano: Phys. Rev. B 60, 2281 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. S.C. Gausepohl, M. Lee, R.A. Rao, and C.B. Eom: Phys. Rev. B 54, 8996 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. W.E. Pickett and D.J. Singh: Phys. Rev. B 53, 1146 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. D.C. Worledge and T.H. Geballe: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5182 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Meservey and P. Tedrow: Phys. Rep. 238, 173 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Z. Zhang and S. Satpathy: Phys. Rev. B 44, 13319 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. J.F. Janak: Phys. Rev. B 16, 255 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. D.J. Singh and J. Ashkenazi: Phys. Rev. B 46, 11570 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. I. Feiner, I. Nowik, I. Branaric, and M. Gospodinov: Phys. Rev. B 62, 11332 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. T. Kiyama, K. Yoshimura, K. Kosuge, Y. Ikeda, and Y. Bando: Phys. Rev. B 54, 756 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. J.C. Slater: Phys. Rev. 49, 537 (1936)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. E.C. Stoner: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. A 165, 372 (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  55. O.K. Andersen, J. Madsen, U.K. Poulsen, O. Jepsen, and J. Kollar: Physica BandC 86-88, 249 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  56. G.L. Krakso: Phys. Rev. B 36, 8565 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. S. Nakatsuji, S. Ikeda, and Y. Maeno: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66, 1868 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. M. Braden, G. Andre, S. Nakatsuji, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. B 58, 847 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. A.V. Puchkov, M.C. Schabel, D.N. Basov, T. Startseva, G. Cao, T. Timusk, and Z.-X. Shen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2747 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. G. Cao, S. McCall, J. Bolivar, M. Shepard, F. Freibert, P. Henning, J. Crow, and T. Yuen: Phys. Rev. B 54, 15144 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. G. Cao, S. McCall, M. Shepard, J.E. Crow, and R.P. Guertin: Phys. Rev. B 56, 321 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. G. Cao, S. McCall, M. Shepard, J.E. Crow, and R.P. Guertin: Phys. Rev. B 56, 2916 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. S. Nakatsuji, and Y. Maeno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2666 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. A.V. Puchkov, Z.-X. Shen, and G. Cao: Phys. Rev. B 58, 6671 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. G. Cao, S. McCall, and J.E. Crow: Phys. Rev. B 55, 672 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. G. Cao, S. McCall, J.E. Crow, and R.P. Guertin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1751 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. G. Cao, S.C. McCall, J.E. Crow, and R.P. Guertin: Phys. Rev. B 56, 5387 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. S. Ikeda, Y. Maeno, and T. Fujita: Phys. Rev. B 57, 978 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. R.J. Cava, H.W. Zandbergen, J.J. Krajewski, W.F. Peck, Jr., B. Batlogg, S. Carter, R.M. Fleming, O. Zhou, and L.W. Rupp, Jr.: J. Solid State Chem. 116, 141 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. G. Cao, K. Abboud, S. McCall, J.E. Crow, and R.P. Guertin: Phys. Rev. B 62, 998 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. Z. Fang and K. Terakura: Phys. Rev. B 64, 020509 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  72. L.M. Woods: Phys. Rev. B 62, 7833 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. Y. Maeno: Physica B 281, 865 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. Y. Maeno, T.M. Rice, and M. Sigrist: Physics Today 54, 42 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. T. Oguchi: Phys. Rev. B 51, 1385 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. D.J. Singh: Phys. Rev. B 52, 1358 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. I. Hase and Y. Nishihara: J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 65, 3957 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. G.J. McMullan, M.P. Ray, and R.J. Needs: Physica B 224, 529 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. T.M. Mishonov, I.N. Genchev, R.K. Koleva, and E.S. Penev: Czech. J. Phys. 46, 953 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. C. Noce and T. Xiang: Physica C 282, 1713 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. C. Noce and M. Cuoco: Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 13, 1157 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. C. Noce and M. Cuoco: Phys. Rev. B 59, 2659 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. I.I. Mazin, D.A. Papaconstantopoulos, and D.J. Singh: Phys. Rev. B 61, 5223 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. A.P. Mackenzie, S.R. Julian, A.J. Diver, G.J. McMullan, M.P. Ray, G.G. Lonzarich, Y. Maeno, A. Nishizaki, and T. Fujita: Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3786 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. Y. Yoshida, R. Settai, Y. Onuki, H. Takei, K. Betsuyaku, and H. Harima: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 67, 1677 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. E. Ohmichi, H. Adachi, Y. Mori, Y. Maeno, T. Ishiguro, and T. Oguchi: Phys. Rev. B 59, 7263 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. A.V. Puchkov, Z.X. Shen, T. Kimura, and Y. Tokura: Phys. Rev. B 58, 13322 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. A. Damascelli, D.H. Lu, K.M. Shen, N.P. Armitage, F. Ronning, D.L. Feng, C. Kim, Z.X. Shen, T. Kimura, Y. Tokura, Z.Q. Mao, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5194 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. K.M. Shen, A. Damascelli, D.H. Lu, N.P. A.mitage, F. Ronning, D.L. Feng, C. Kim, Z.X. Shen, D.J. Singh, I.I. Mazin, S. Nakatsuji, Z.Q. Mao, Y. Maeno, T. Kimura, and Y. Tokura: Phys. Rev. B 64, 180502 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  90. C. Bergemann, S.R. Julian, A.P. Mackenzie, S. NishiZaki, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2662 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. C. Noce, G. Busiello, and M. Cuoco: Europhysics Lett. 51, 195 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. D.K. Morr, P.F. Trautman, and M.J. Graf: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5978 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. Y. Sidis, H. Braden, P. Bourges, B. Hennion, S. NishiZaki, Y. Maeno, and Y. Mori: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3320 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. F. Servant, S. Raymond, B. Fak, P. Lejay, and J. Flouquet: Solid State Commun 116, 489 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. K. Ishida, H. Mukuda, Y. Minami, Y. Kitaoka, Z.Q. Mao, H. Fukazawa, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. B 64, 100501 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  96. T. Imai, A.W. Hunt, K.R. Thurber, and F.C. Chou: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3006 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. M. Braden, W. Reichardt, S. Nishizaki, Y. Mori, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. B 57, 1236 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. O. Friedt, M. Braden, G. Andre, P. Adelmann, S Nakatsuji, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. B 63, 174432 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  99. S. Nakatsuji and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. B 62, 6458 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. Friedt et al. [98] report that powder and single crystal phase samples near = 0.2 show different structures.

    Google Scholar 

  101. T. Mizokawa, L.H. Tjeng, G.A. Sawatzky, G. Ghiringhelli, O. Thernberg, N.B. Brooks, H. Fukazawa, S. Nakatsuji, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 077202

    Google Scholar 

  102. V.I. Anisimov, I.A. Nekrasov, D.E. Kondakov, T.M. Rice, and M. Sigrist: coud-mat/0107095 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  103. H.K. Muller-Buschbaum, and J. Wilkens: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 591, 161 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. M. Itoh, M. Shikano, and T. Shimura: Phys. Rev. B 51, 16432 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. Q. Huang, J.W. Lynn, R.W. Erwin, J. Jarupatrakorn, and R.J. Cava: Phys. Rev. B 58, 8518 (1998)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. S.I. Ikeda and Y. Maeno, Physica B 259-261, 947 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. S. Ikeda, Y. Maeno, S. Nakatsuji, M. Kosaka, and Y. Uwatoko: Phys. Rev. B 62, 6089 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. R.S. Perry, L.M. Galvin, A.P. Mackenzie, D.M. Forsythe, S.R. Julian, S.I. Ikeda, and Y. Maeno: Physica B 284, 1469 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. R.S. Perry, L.M. Galvin, S.A. Grigera, L. Capogno, A.J. Schofield, A.P. Mackkenzie, M. Chiao, S.R. Julian, S.I. Ikeda, S. Nakatsuji, Y. Maeno, and C. Pfleiderer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2661 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. Y. Inoue, M. Hara, Y. Koyama, S. Ikeda, Y. Maeno, and T. Fujita, in Advances in Superconductivity IX, p. 281, S. Nakajima, and M. Murakami, eds. ( Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1997 )

    Google Scholar 

  111. H. Shaked, J.D. Jorgensen, O. Chmaissem, S. Ikeda, and Y. Maeno: J. Solid State Chem. 154, 361 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. H. Shaked, J.D. Jorgensen, S. Short, O. Chmaissem, S.I. Ikeda, and Y. Maeno: Phys. Rev. B 62, 8725 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. I. Hase and Y. Nishihara, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 66, 3517 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. D.J. Singh and I.I. Mazin: Phys. Rev. B 63, 165101 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  115. Y. Maeno, K. Yoshida, H. Hashimoto, S. Nishizaki, S.-I. Ikeda, M. Nohara, T. Fujita, A.P. Mackenzie, N.E. Hussey, J.G. Bednorz, and F. Lichtenberg: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66, 1405 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. J.M. Kosterlitz, and D.J. Thouless: J. Phys. C 6, 1181 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. S.A. Grigera, R.S. Perry, A.J. Schofield, M. Chiao, S.R. Julian, G.G. Lonzarich, S.I. Ikeda, Y. Maeno, A. J. Millis, and A.P. Mackenzie: Science 294, 329 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. J. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Code 6391, Naval Research Laboratory, 20375, Washington, DC, USA

    David J. Singh  & Dimitrios A. Papaconstantopoulos  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Singh, D.J. (2003). Magnetism in Ruthenates. In: Singh, D.J., Papaconstantopoulos, D.A. (eds) Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Complex Materials. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 54. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05310-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05310-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07774-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05310-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation