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Red Cell Membrane Transport in Health and Disease pp 621–642Cite as

Amino Acid Transport in Disease

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Abstract

Amino acid uptake and metabolism by cells plays an important role in regulating and maintaining cellular function. In most mammalian cells, amino acids are a major source of energy and the products of their metabolism influence many physiological and pathological processes. Many pathophysiological alterations observed in clinical syndromes can only be elucidated at the cellular or molecular level. Membrane transport is essential for physiological functioning of cells, and alterations in transport may help explain several pathological changes in disease states. Red blood cells (RBCs) lack a nucleus and mitochondria and have lost the ability to synthesize protein, however, they are resilient and capable of extraordinary changes in shape, and their haemoglobin efficiently transports and delivers oxygen. The adequate functioning and longevity of erythrocytes depend on a satisfactory relationship between the cell membrane and metabolism (Hillman and Finch 1996). In the absence of mitochondria, RBCs have a limited ability to metabolize amino and fatty acids, and their energy supply is derived largely from the breakdown of glucose. The specific metabolic characteristics of RBCs provide a particular need for amino acid transport that is not entirely clear. Red cells synthesize glutathione and therefore require transport systems capable of supplying amino acid precursors of this molecule, namely cysteine, glutamate and glycine. Glutathione protects RBCs from exogenous oxidants and reactive electrophiles (Tun-nicliff 1994).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, CEP 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    A. Cláudio Mendes Ribeiro & Tatiana M. C. Brunini

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  1. A. Cláudio Mendes Ribeiro
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  2. Tatiana M. C. Brunini
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  1. Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät III, Arbeitsgruppe Biophysik, Universität des Saarlandes, P.O.Box 151150, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Ingolf Bernhardt

  2. Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK

    J. Clive Ellory

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© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Ribeiro, A.C.M., Brunini, T.M.C. (2003). Amino Acid Transport in Disease. In: Bernhardt, I., Ellory, J.C. (eds) Red Cell Membrane Transport in Health and Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05181-8_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05181-8_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07920-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05181-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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